{"title":"CEO early-life experience and corporate accounting conservatism: Insights from the socio-political context","authors":"Xutang Liu , Martin Young , Jing Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using China's Cultural Revolution as a shock to risk attitude, this study investigates the effect of CEOs' early-life experience on corporate accounting conservatism. We find that CEOs who experienced the Cultural Revolution in their early life are more risk-averse and conservative, and thereby are associated with a higher level of accounting conservatism. Such a positive relationship is more pronounced in provinces with higher political risks, e.g., where the provincial leadership changes and where high-profile provincial bureaucratic corruption cases occur. Also, the positive effect of CEOs' early-life experience is stronger in SOEs where CEOs' political career concerns are more pronounced. Additional analysis suggests that CEOs with early-life Cultural Revolution experience are more likely to adopt conservative accounting practice, such as increasing firm's provisions for liabilities and reducing accrual-based earnings management. Our results add new evidence to support the upper echelons theory and imprinting theory by highlighting the enduring impact of influential socio-political events during early life on the decision-making processes of CEOs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101215"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can value-added tax refund policy inhibit corporate financial fraud? Evidence from China","authors":"Wei Yu , Yueyun Yan , Keying Zhu , Peijue Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the impact of China's 2018 VAT refund policy on corporate financial fraud, using a difference-in-differences approach. Findings demonstrate that the policy significantly reduces corporate financial fraud, which is confirmed through various robustness tests. The VAT refund policy deters corporate financial fraud by addressing motivational pressures, limiting opportunities, and challenging justifications, effectively targeting the fraud triangle's core elements. The policy's effects are especially strong in high-tech and privately-held firms. The study extends knowledge of VAT policies' roles in corporate decision-making and offers policy guidelines to combat corporate malfeasance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101212"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heterogeneous uncertainty matters! Evidence based on firms' cost management decisions","authors":"Lu Li , Xi Yuan , Shuang Wei , Guochao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The literature traditionally treats the uncertainty firms encounter as a whole, neglecting the inherent heterogeneity of uncertainty that prevails in the real world. To address this critical issue, this study employs natural language processing methods to decompose uncertainty into three distinct levels: firm-level, industry-level, and macro-level uncertainty. We then examine the impact of heterogeneous uncertainty on corporate decision-making from a cost management perspective. Our findings indicate that while uncertainty as a whole increases cost stickiness, this effect mainly stems from firm-level uncertainty rather than industry-level and macro-level uncertainty. These findings suggest that firms only respond to uncertainty when they perceive uncertainty at the firm level. Cross-sectional tests indicate that the impact of uncertainty on cost stickiness is more pronounced when firms face higher adjustment costs, lower financing constraints, and lower competitive pressures than otherwise. Additionally, uncertainty diminishes firms' cost elasticity, curtailing their production flexibility. Collectively, our results provide insights into comprehending the internal mechanisms of firms' decision-making in the face of uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101210"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The imprint effect of initial institutional environments and bank financing in family businesses","authors":"Chen Cheng, Ke Qiu, Yufan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The initial imprint embedded in family business origin provides us with favorable support for identifying how past institutional environments and then current governance characteristics influence financing. This study investigates the influence of family business origin on loan borrowing, and finds that restructured family firms (RFFs), which are formed through the restructuring of collective-ownership enterprises, are likely to obtain more loans compared to entrepreneurial counterparts (EFFs). The effect varies with local marketization, family control rights, and intergenerational succession. Our findings suggest that restructured family firms have a sounder modern enterprise system, less information asymmetry, and consequently pose less credit risk, which allows them to access loans more easily. In addition, institutional differences stemming from the origin of the firms affect the composition and cost of bank financing. RFFs outperform EFFs in terms of the size of non-local bank loans and the cost of loans. Overall, this study shows that the institutional environment of family firms at the founding stage has a long-term impact on future financing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101213"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fintech competencies in emerging markets: Cognitive hybrid decision-making approach","authors":"Dadan Rahadian , Anisah Firli , Serhat Yüksel , Hasan Dinçer","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study is to make a priority analysis for the factors affecting fintech competency for emerging markets. A novel 3-stage decision-making model has been established to reach this objective. First, missing evaluations are completed by using recommender systems. The next stage includes the weight calculation of the criteria via quantum spherical fuzzy cognitive maps. The final stage gives information about the ranking of BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China) for the fintech competency performance. It is defined that technological infrastructure plays the most crucial role in this regard.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101211"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ștefana Belbe , Darie Moldovan , Alin Marius Andrieș , Philipp Otto , Codruța Mare
{"title":"Evaluation of the space-time effects of Covid-19 on household loans and savings in Romania - A spatial panel data approach at county level","authors":"Ștefana Belbe , Darie Moldovan , Alin Marius Andrieș , Philipp Otto , Codruța Mare","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines the effects of the Covid-19 crisis on the banking sector of Romania using a spatial panel dataset of 21 months, from April 2020 to December 2021, among 41 counties. The empirical setup exploits the spatial and time-series variations of the banking sector during the pandemic via means of exploratory data analysis, simple linear models for each month with spatial diagnosis, and spatial panel data models with fixed effects. County-level differences and particular disturbances in the trend of banking services are highlighted against the turning points of the pandemic. We show that increasing Covid-19 infections result in higher loans and savings per capita, with significant spatial interactions given by the neighboring counties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101209"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How does Russia's economy affect the region? Transmission channels and policy options","authors":"Shant Arzoumanian","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies how output fluctuations in Russia are transmitted internationally. Using dynamic panel models, the paper finds that Russia's output fluctuations are an important driver of output fluctuations of countries in the region, especially for oil importers, and are transmitted increasingly via trade and market confidence channels. The magnitude of cross-border spillovers is larger for countries with relatively high bilateral trade concentration, low export diversification, and weak external buffers. The paper also finds evidence that stronger public institutional quality- especially in the fiscal area- may help insulate countries from volatility in the Russian sovereign debt market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101205"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siyu Zhang , Rongli Yuan , Yukun Li , Li Chen , Danglun Luo
{"title":"Local official turnover and bank risk-taking: Evidence from China","authors":"Siyu Zhang , Rongli Yuan , Yukun Li , Li Chen , Danglun Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of turnover among local government officials on the risk-taking of local commercial banks in China. Our findings reveal a positive relationship between official turnover and risk-taking in banks. The observed effect is mainly due to a deterioration in credit allocation and heightened competition among banks. Heterogeneous analysis indicates that the impact is more significant in non-election years, in years of enhanced anti-corruption efforts, in regions with poor credit environments, and among smaller banks or banks without political connections. Additionally, compared to normal and local turnover, the positive impact of local official turnover on banks' risk-taking is more pronounced for abnormal and non-local turnovers. These insights deepen our understanding of the economic consequences of official turnover on commercial banks and offer valuable perspectives for banks' risk management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101208"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of asymmetry on exchange rate determination: The role of fundamentals","authors":"Levent Korap","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study tries to take a new look at the exchange rate determination model by employing recent developments in time series estimation methodologies. For this purpose, the validity of the sticky price monetary exchange rate model has been searched for the Turkish lira / US dollar case. Estimation results considering both linear and non–linear modeling approaches highly support the theoretical foundations and reveal explicitly the asymmetric nature of the model. The paper infers that since the nominal exchange rate seems to be determined through the economic fundamentals, it should not be used as a policy tool with a long–term perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101206"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How do stock markets in emerging economies respond to World Bank loan approvals?","authors":"Erasmus Kersting, Christopher Kilby","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the impact of World Bank loan approvals on equity markets in borrowing countries. We exploit a rich dataset with World Bank loan commitments and daily stock market returns for 47 emerging markets, allowing us to study short run market reactions to news about World Bank programs. These programs fall into three categories: investment projects, structural adjustment loans that tie future macroeconomic reforms to future loan disbursements (prior to FY2006), and development policy loans that reward completed macroeconomic reforms with current loan disbursements (since FY2006). Event study analysis shows positive abnormal stock market returns on the trading day following investment project loan announcements. The effect depends on loan size as well as market characteristics. Structural adjustment loan announcements are followed by negative abnormal returns; development policy loan announcements, in contrast, are considered good news. This suggests that expected macroeconomic implications of policy change in response to loan conditions drive market reactions, and that changes in the conditionality and disbursement structure of World Bank policy lending were successful in improving market reactions to World Bank programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101207"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}