{"title":"Cold Philosophers: Female Students' Perceived Lack of Fit in Stereotypes Is Associated With Underrepresentation","authors":"Arian Leopold, Michaela M. Köller, Daniela Renger","doi":"10.1002/casp.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Women's underrepresentation in philosophy requires a comprehensive investigation of the factors that contribute to it. This paper examines the presence of gender stereotypes regarding philosophers and the consequences of a perceived misfit in three studies. A pre-study (<i>N</i> = 49) confirmed that students tend to think about males when asked to name philosophers. Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 530) used an online experiment with a general sample and found that philosophers are perceived as more male than female. Results demonstrated a perceived gender-philosopher-misfit regarding communal but not agentic attributes. Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 178) confirmed the prevalence of the male philosopher stereotype in philosophy students. Building on the Lack-of-Fit Model, we hypothesized and found that female students showed a higher perceived self-philosopher-misfit than male students on the communion dimension, but unexpectedly not on the agency dimension. Using a structural equation model, we showed that this perceived gender-related communal misfit was associated with their lowered intention to persist and increased intention to quit their philosophy studies. The results replicate prior findings on gender stereotype misfits and highlight the special role of the communal dimension in shaping career decisions. Please refer to the Supporting Information section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.</p>","PeriodicalId":47850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/casp.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychological Sense of Community in Recovery Processes of Emerging and Older Adults: Ideological Antecedents and Implications for Public Health","authors":"Nina Kavita Heggen Bahl, Hilde Eileen Nafstad, Rolv Mikkel Blakar, Kristin Tømmervik, Morten Brodahl, Ottar Ness, Anne Signe Landheim, Isaac Prilleltensky","doi":"10.1002/casp.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Across the world, governments are struggling to help people recover from substance use problems. Due to their particular risk factors, two age groups are of special interest to public health: emerging adults and older adults. Psychological sense of community (PSOC) is a key dimension in their recovery. Yet, to develop context-sensitive and effective strategies tailored for these groups, there is a need to understand their discourses of PSOC as situated within their context. This study offers a multi-level and comparative analysis of discourses of PSOC for 21 emerging adults and 23 older adults recovering within the same context. Using a discourse analytic tool and a comparative approach ideological impacts on the two groups' discourses of PSOC were identified. Both groups' discourses suggest that achieving and maintaining PSOC in recovery is challenging within a developing neo-liberal context. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate differences between the two groups' with respect to (a) the particular impact of ideologies, (b) sources for PSOC in recovery and (c) challenges in community participation. The article builds on the findings to suggest strategies targeting the two groups. Please refer to the Supporting Information section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.</p>","PeriodicalId":47850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/casp.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Archlove Takunda Tanyanyiwa, Victor Chimhutu, Henning Pettersen
{"title":"Voluntary Sector's Roles and Relevance as Alternative Arenas for Promotion of Health and Social Inclusion of Migrant Parents and Families of Children With Special Health and Welfare Needs in Norway","authors":"Archlove Takunda Tanyanyiwa, Victor Chimhutu, Henning Pettersen","doi":"10.1002/casp.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Migrant families of children with special health and welfare needs such as mental, developmental, and physical disabilities face significant barriers to health and welfare services. This could result in social inequalities and exclusion. The aim of this article was to explore the role and relevance of voluntary sector in promoting health and social inclusion of migrant families of children with special health and welfare needs in Norway. The study is based on a qualitative participatory research design using co-production and interdisciplinary research methodologies. A total of 15 voluntary sector employees participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews. We found three major themes to summarise the role of voluntary sector: 1) Providing arenas for social inclusion and belonging; 2) Facilitating access to public health and welfare services; and 3) Provision of complementary health and welfare services. Results indicate that voluntary services use more informal community centered caring approaches and are supplementary to public health and welfare services. An exploration of more opportunities for participation of migrant families of children with special health and welfare needs in the development of services and collaboration between voluntary services and public welfare providers may foster inclusion and could be of relevance to future welfare research and practice. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.</p>","PeriodicalId":47850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/casp.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cara A. Davidson, Katie J. Shillington, Jennifer D. Irwin, Tara Mantler
{"title":"Exploring the Impact of a No-Cost, Self-Directed Self-Compassion Intervention in Promoting Mental Health, Resilience and Self-Compassion Among Women in Violent and Non-Violent Relationships","authors":"Cara A. Davidson, Katie J. Shillington, Jennifer D. Irwin, Tara Mantler","doi":"10.1002/casp.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Limited access to social services often hinders women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) from seeking support. This mixed-methods (survey- and interview-based) study investigated the impact of a no-cost, one-month, self-directed self-compassion intervention on women experiencing IPV compared with women in non-violent relationships. Among the 28 participants (<i>n</i> = 15 non-IPV, <i>n</i> = 13 IPV), significant improvements were noted in total self-compassion scores (<i>F</i>(2,52) = 6.126, <i>p</i> = 0.004, <i>η</i><sup>2</sup><sub><i>p</i></sub> = 0.18), and specific domains such as self-kindness (<i>F</i>(2,52) = 6.552, <i>p</i> = 0.003, <i>η</i><sup>2</sup><sub><i>p</i></sub> = 0.20) and over-identification (<i>F</i>(2,52) = 4.251, <i>p</i> = 0.020, <i>η</i><sup>2</sup><sub><i>p</i></sub> = 0.14) over time. Interview findings indicated that women perceived meaningful improvements in their mental health and resilience because of the intervention, with some women in violent relationships reporting that the intervention facilitated leaving the relationship. This intervention demonstrates strong potential as an accessible, effective health promotion intervention for women in violent relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":47850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/casp.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anastasia Rousaki, Sarah Seymour-Smith, Rosie Kitson-Boyce, Mike Marriott
{"title":"Teachers' Discursive Constructions of Adolescent Sexting, Consent and Gender","authors":"Anastasia Rousaki, Sarah Seymour-Smith, Rosie Kitson-Boyce, Mike Marriott","doi":"10.1002/casp.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sexting is the exchange of sexually suggestive content through technological means. Despite being tasked with addressing such incidents in schools, teachers are underrepresented in sexting research. The present study explores teachers' discursive constructions of sexting, consent and gender using Critical Discursive Psychology, analysing 30 interviews with educators and safeguarding staff. The first key finding uncovers the interpretative repertoire of ‘Sexting as a threat’. This repertoire showcases the gendered positions teachers assign adolescents to, positioning ‘Boys as oppressors; girls as victims of sexting’, with girls being simultaneously constructed as sexting to attract boys' attention through the ‘Girls as the validation-seeking Other’ position. Regarding consent, we explicate three repertoires: ‘Consent as an oxymoron in relation to non-consensual distribution’, ‘Consent as illegal’ and ‘Coercion as a power imbalance’. We contextualise and discuss these findings within the socio-political discursive terrain. We highlight their ideological implications and the need to initiate emancipatory positions and discussions regarding inclusive sexting education. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.</p>","PeriodicalId":47850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/casp.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabelle Zammit, Eilis Hennessy, Islam Borinca, Laura K. Taylor
{"title":"From Prayer to Practice: Children's Religious Understanding and Outgroup Prosocial Behaviours","authors":"Isabelle Zammit, Eilis Hennessy, Islam Borinca, Laura K. Taylor","doi":"10.1002/casp.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a religiously diverse world, understanding how young children perceive and interact with peers from other religious groups is pivotal for promoting harmony from an early age. The study examines how children's understanding of an outgroup religion is associated with their prosocial behaviours towards children from that religion. Conducted with 210 children aged 3–6 years (mean = 4.19 years; 50.7% boys) from the majority religion (Catholic) in state schools in Malta, we assessed children's religious understanding through identification of ingroup religious symbols, and prayer. Additionally, we measured children's outgroup (i.e., Muslim) religious understanding through outgroup prayer. Children's prosocial behaviours were assessed through their costly giving of stickers to outgroup children. Findings indicate that outgroup religious understanding moderated the link between children's religious understanding and outgroup giving. Specifically, outgroup religious understanding dampened the association between ingroup religious understanding and outgroup giving for children with higher ingroup religious understanding. Implications of children's outgroup religious understanding on prosocial behaviours are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/casp.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamara Gajić, Sonja Veljović, Marko D. Petrović, Milan M. Radovanović, Veronika N. Kholina, Lóránt Dénes Dávid
{"title":"Does Empowerment of National Minorities Through Sustainable Ethnic Tourism Overcome Prejudices? Lessons From Serbia","authors":"Tamara Gajić, Sonja Veljović, Marko D. Petrović, Milan M. Radovanović, Veronika N. Kholina, Lóránt Dénes Dávid","doi":"10.1002/casp.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study analyses the perceptions and attitudes of national minorities in Serbia towards the impact of ethnic tourism on the preservation of their cultural identity, economic benefits, the reduction of prejudices and the future development of ethnic-tourism. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of different national minorities: Slovaks, Hungarians, Bosniaks, Ruthenians, Vlachs and Roma. Thematic analysis was used to identify key issues and gain insights into the views of the interviewees. The results show that ethnic tourism contributes significantly to the economic development of these communities by creating jobs and supporting local businesses. Ethnic tourism also plays a key role in the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage through festivals, traditional crafts and gastronomy. Interaction with tourists helps to break down stereotypes and prejudices and promotes mutual understanding and tolerance. However, challenges are also recognised, such as the commercialization of culture and the need for sustainable practices. The importance of this research for Serbia is particularly great, as it is a country with numerous national minorities and the potential for the development of ethnic tourism. Serbia faces prejudices and stereotypes, and ethnic tourism can play a key role in reducing these prejudices and promoting cultural diversity. The results of this research can inform managers and development professionals on how to integrate sustainable practices and cultural identity into tourism strategies and thus promote the long-term prosperity of national minorities in Serbia.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Šveb Dragija, Martijn van Zomeren, Nina Hansen
{"title":"Anticipating a Museum Visit: The Role of Museum Design in Anticipating Hedonic or Eudaimonic Well-Being Experiences","authors":"Marta Šveb Dragija, Martijn van Zomeren, Nina Hansen","doi":"10.1002/casp.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Through their design, museums can craft specific experiences for their visitors, ranging from more hedonic to more eudaimonic well-being experiences. Little is known, however, about whether potential visitors anticipate eudaimonic or hedonic well-being experiences depending on how the museum design is described. To answer this question, we conducted three social-psychological experiments with Croatian (Study 1, <i>N</i> = 128 and Study 3, <i>N</i> = 213) and American (Study 2, <i>N</i> = 289) participants. Participants in Study 1 and 2 read about either one of the two different hedonically designed museums or one eudaimonically designed museum which was the same across the studies, and then reported their anticipated well-being and emotional experience. Particularly for Studies 1 and 3, our findings revealed strong support for the differentiation of eudaimonic and hedonic well-being in the anticipation of different museum visits. Moreover, the anticipated eudaimonic experience moved beyond the typical positive hedonic experience by uniquely including both positive and negative emotions such as compassion, awe, sadness and guilt. We discuss the implications of our findings for modern psychological theorising on well-being and emotions, and, in a more applied sense, the relevance of describing the design of museums to potential visitors to guide their anticipation of the museum experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":47850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/casp.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Community Perspective on Boxing, Well-being and Young People","authors":"Aoife Ryan, Mary John, Paul Hanna","doi":"10.1002/casp.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Communities possess various resources, such as sporting organisations, that establish positive relationships with young people whom statutory services may struggle to engage. Boxing has been shown to attract individuals from diverse cultural and socio-economic backgrounds, offering proven benefits in areas such as physical health and engagement. When taking into consideration mental and physical well-being, there is limited knowledge regarding the overall well-being benefits of boxing for young people. This study adopts an ethnographic approach within an Inner London community boxing gym to investigate the well-being benefits of boxing for young people. Qualitative interviews, field notes and observations were employed with young people, staff and volunteers. The community identified that boxing provided young people with a changed sense of self, engaged them in a recursive learning process and instilled a sense of belonging, like that of a new family. These factors can all be associated with well-being. The study highlights the significance of community-based resources, such as boxing gyms, in providing support for improving well-being for a diverse cohort of young people. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement</p>","PeriodicalId":47850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/casp.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christoph Daniel Schaefer, Shelley McKeown, Shazza Ali, Pier-Luc Dupont, David Manley, Sumedh Rao, Laura K. Taylor
{"title":"The Longitudinal Effects of Intergroup Contact on Youth Attitudes Towards Ethnic Minorities and Constructive Societal Engagement","authors":"Christoph Daniel Schaefer, Shelley McKeown, Shazza Ali, Pier-Luc Dupont, David Manley, Sumedh Rao, Laura K. Taylor","doi":"10.1002/casp.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Growing empirical evidence demonstrates that intergroup contact has the potential to reap effects that go beyond prejudice reduction. Much of this evidence, however, is based on findings from cross-sectional surveys. Building on the relatively smaller body of longitudinal intergroup contact research, we conduct a three-time point survey amongst youth in Northern Ireland to determine whether frequent and good-quality interactions with ethnic minority groups are associated with later reports on: (1) attitudes towards ethnic minorities, (2) prosocial behaviour towards ethnic minorities, and (3) civic engagement. Data were collected over the period of a school year amongst youth living in Belfast (<i>n</i> = 420, <i>M</i><sub>age; T1</sub> = 14.9 years) and analysed using longitudinal path analyses and structural equation models in Mplus. Results demonstrate a lagged effect of higher-quality contact on more positive attitudes towards ethnic minorities over the school year. There was also a lagged effect of more frequent contact on self-reported prosocial behaviour in support of ethnic minorities. No lagged effects were observed of intergroup contact on civic engagement. Findings highlight the potential longitudinal effects of intergroup contact on attitudes and behaviours towards ethnic minorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/casp.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}