{"title":"Optimism in International Human Rights Law Scholarship","authors":"Başak Çalı","doi":"10.1017/ajil.2024.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2024.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a field of practice, international human rights law (IHRL) is in constant motion. The four books under review explore the legal, political, and civic dynamics that continuously shape and reshape this vibrant area of law. In this Essay, I underscore two important trends in contemporary IHRL scholarship that these books highlight. First, these works share a strong emphasis on <span>agency</span>, understood as human action that makes a difference in the world, be it the agency of individuals, domestic civil society organizations, transnational organizations, or courts. Highlighting agency, rather than overarching political, economic, and social structures, in turn shifts the attention from human rights law and doctrine “in the books” to an understanding of human rights law as a purposive and dynamic practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":47841,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of International Law","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naser Alnusif, Ali Lari, Saad AlQahtani, George S Athwal
{"title":"Strength after the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure: Are shoulder internal rotation, elbow flexion & supination strength decreased?","authors":"Naser Alnusif, Ali Lari, Saad AlQahtani, George S Athwal","doi":"10.1177/17585732231165227","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732231165227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Latarjet procedure is an effective shoulder stabilizing surgery, however, the procedure results in an alteration of anatomy that may result in shoulder and elbow weakness. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess post-operative shoulder and elbow strength after the Latarjet procedure. We hypothesized that shoulder and elbow strength are not affected after the procedure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study group consisted of patients that had undergone the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to evaluate the strength of bilateral shoulder internal rotation, elbow flexion, forearm supination using peak torque (N/m), as well as grip strength (kilograms). Shoulder range of motion and the potential effects of hand dominance were further analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen patients with a mean age of 29 years and an average follow up of 47 months were included. Shoulder internal rotation strength, elbow flexion and forearm supination strength and grip strength were not significantly different when compared to the non-operative side (<i>p</i> > 0.13). The range of shoulder external rotation was significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.001) on the Latarjet side.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results from this study demonstrate no statistically significant differences in the strength of shoulder internal rotation, elbow flexion, forearm supination or grip strength despite the surgical alterations to the subscapularis and conjoint tendon.</p>","PeriodicalId":47841,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of International Law","volume":"3 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10902414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90584118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corporate Accountability by Treaty: The New North American Rapid Response Labor Mechanism","authors":"Kathleen Claussen, Chad P. Bown","doi":"10.1017/ajil.2023.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.64","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47841,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of International Law","volume":"98 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139268166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The International Law Commission's Seventy-Fourth (2023) Session: General Principles of Law and Other Topics","authors":"Charles Chernor Jalloh","doi":"10.1017/ajil.2023.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.59","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":47841,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of International Law","volume":"84 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135868822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revisiting Coercion as an Element of Prohibited Intervention in International Law","authors":"Marko Milanovic","doi":"10.1017/ajil.2023.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.40","url":null,"abstract":"International law prohibits states from intervening in the internal and external affairs of other states, but only if the method of intervention is coercive. This Article argues that coercion can be understood in two different ways or models. First, as coercion-as-extortion, a demand coupled with a threat of harm or the infliction of harm, done to extract some kind of concession from the victim state—in other words, an act targeting the victim state's will or decision-making calculus. Second, as coercion-as-control, an action materially depriving the victim state of its ability to control its sovereign choices. This may be done even through acts like cyber operations that the victim state is entirely unaware of. The Article argues that many of the difficulties surrounding the notion of coercion arise as a consequence of failing to distinguish between these two different models.","PeriodicalId":47841,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of International Law","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71417506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flexible Institution Building in the International Anti-corruption Regime: Proposing a Transnational Asset Recovery Mechanism","authors":"Laurence R. Helfer, Cecily Rose, Rachel Brewster","doi":"10.1017/ajil.2023.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.32","url":null,"abstract":"Asset recovery is a fundamental principle of anti-corruption law, without which the financial damage from corruption cannot be repaired. Yet recovering assets is notoriously difficult and time-consuming, and the United Nations Convention Against Corruption provides little technical or institutional support to facilitate such returns. To remedy this, we propose the creation of a transnational asset recovery mechanism that could provide myriad services to states upon request, including gathering and publishing information, providing technical assistance and capacity building, helping to conclude agreements on asset return, and monitoring returned funds. Theoretically, we introduce the concepts of customizability and selectability to explain why a flexible transnational asset recovery mechanism has advantages over more formal international institutions, such as an international anti-corruption court. These benefits include lower financial and political costs, enhanced adaptability, and a greater likelihood of enhancing interstate cooperation regarding asset returns.","PeriodicalId":47841,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of International Law","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71417505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Imperial History of Race-Religion in International Law","authors":"Rabiat Akande","doi":"10.1017/ajil.2023.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.58","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":47841,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of International Law","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unlocking CEDAW's Transformative Potential: Asylum Cases before the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women","authors":"Madeline Gleeson","doi":"10.1017/ajil.2023.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.55","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":47841,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of International Law","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The United States Unveils Political Declaration on Responsible Military Use of Artificial Intelligence and Autonomy","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/ajil.2023.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.50","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.","PeriodicalId":47841,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of International Law","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Senate Provides Its Advice and Consent to Ratification of U.S.-Chile Tax Treaty After Eleven Years","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/ajil.2023.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.46","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.","PeriodicalId":47841,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of International Law","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}