Big Data & Society最新文献_第6页

On samples, data, and their mobility in biobanking: How imagined travels help to relate samples and data 关于样本、数据及其在生物银行中的流动性:想象的旅行如何帮助将样本和数据联系起来

IF 8.5 1区社会学

Big Data & Society Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/20539517231158635

Ingrid Metzler, Lisa-Maria Ferent, U. Felt

{"title":"On samples, data, and their mobility in biobanking: How imagined travels help to relate samples and data","authors":"Ingrid Metzler, Lisa-Maria Ferent, U. Felt","doi":"10.1177/20539517231158635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231158635","url":null,"abstract":"Biobanking involves the assembling, curating, and distributing of samples and data. While relations between samples and data are often taken as defining properties of biobanking, several studies have pointed to the challenges in relating them in practice. This article investigates how samples and data are curated, connected, and made mobile in practice. Building on an analysis of data collected at five hospital-based biobanks in Austria, the article describes and compares biobanking in three types of biobank collections: ‘departmental collections’, ‘project-specific collections’ and ‘hospital-wide collections’. It draws attention to the invisible work going into this infrastructure and highlights the central role of visions to make samples and data travel to a different location and thus support biomedical research. It shows that while visions of future travels are often epistemologically uncertain, they are informed by social ties and relationships between the collectives involved in the curation of samples and data on the one hand and the imagined users on the other. Finally, we point to the importance that policy actors in this domain consider the aspects we identified—and, in particular, reflect the temporalities inherent in such a research infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":47834,"journal":{"name":"Big Data & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46303992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The visible body and the invisible organization: Information asymmetry and college athletics data 有形主体与无形组织:信息不对称与高校体育数据

IF 8.5 1区社会学

Big Data & Society Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/20539517231179197

Daniel Greene, Nate Beard, Tamara L. Clegg, E. Weight

{"title":"The visible body and the invisible organization: Information asymmetry and college athletics data","authors":"Daniel Greene, Nate Beard, Tamara L. Clegg, E. Weight","doi":"10.1177/20539517231179197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231179197","url":null,"abstract":"Elite athletes are constantly tracked, measured, scored, and sorted to improve their performance. Privacy is sacrificed in the name of improvement. Athletes frequently do not know why particular personal data are collected or to what end. Our interview study of 23 elite US college athletes and 26 staff members reveals that their sports play is governed through information asymmetries. These asymmetries look different for different sports with different levels of investment, different racial and gender makeups, and different performance metrics. As large, data-intensive organizations with highly differentiated subgroups, university athletics are an excellent site for theory building in critical data studies, especially given the most consequential data collected from us, with the greatest effect on our lives, is frequently a product of collective engagement with specific organizational contexts like workplaces and schools. Empirical analysis reveals two key tensions in this data regime: Athletes in high-status sports, more likely to be Black men, have relatively less freedom to see or dispute their personal data, while athletes in general are more comfortable sharing personal data with people further away from them. We build from these findings to develop a theory of collective informational harm in bounded institutional settings such as the workplace. The quantified organization, as we term it, is concerned not with monitoring individuals but building data collectives through processes of category creation and managerial data relations of coercion and consent.","PeriodicalId":47834,"journal":{"name":"Big Data & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43057794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

European Search? How to counter-imagine and counteract hegemonic search with European search engine projects 欧洲搜索?如何用欧洲搜索引擎项目来反想象和对抗霸权搜索

IF 8.5 1区社会学

Big Data & Society Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/20539517231163173

Astrid Mager

{"title":"European Search? How to counter-imagine and counteract hegemonic search with European search engine projects","authors":"Astrid Mager","doi":"10.1177/20539517231163173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231163173","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates how developers of alternative search engines challenge increasingly corporate imaginaries of digital futures by building out counter-imaginaries of search engines devoted to social values instead of mere profit maximization. Drawing on three in-depth case studies of European search engines, it analyzes how search engine developers counter-imagine hegemonic search, what social values support their imaginaries, and how they are intertwined with their sociotechnical practices. This analysis shows that notions like privacy, independence, and openness appear to be fluid, context-dependent, and changing over time, leading to a certain “value pragmatics” that allows the projects to scale beyond their own communities of practice. It further shows how European values, and broader notions of Europe as “unified or pluralistic,” are constructed and co-produced with developers’ attempts to counter-imagine and counteract hegemonic search. To conclude, I suggest three points of intervention that may help alternative search engine projects, and digital technologies more generally, to not only make their counter-imaginaries more powerful, but also acquire the necessary resources to build their technologies and infrastructures accordingly. I finally discuss how “European values,” in all their richness and diversity, can contribute to this undertaking.","PeriodicalId":47834,"journal":{"name":"Big Data & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44558202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Editorial introduction: Towards a machinic anthropology 编辑简介：走向机器人类学

IF 8.5 1区社会学

Big Data & Society Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/20539517231153803

M. Pedersen

{"title":"Editorial introduction: Towards a machinic anthropology","authors":"M. Pedersen","doi":"10.1177/20539517231153803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231153803","url":null,"abstract":"Bringing together a motley crew of social scientists and data scientists, the aim of this special theme issue is to explore what an integration or even fusion between anthropology and data science might look like. Going beyond existing work on the complementarity between ‘thick’ qualitative and ‘big’ quantitative data, the ambition is to unsettle and push established disciplinary, methodological and epistemological boundaries by creatively and critically probing various computational methods for augmenting and automatizing the collection, processing and analysis of ethnographic data, and vice versa. Can ethnographic and other qualitative data and methods be integrated with natural language processing tools and other machine-learning techniques, and if so, to what effect? Does the rise of data science allow for the realization of Levi-Strauss’ old dream of a computational structuralism, and even if so, should it? Might one even go as far as saying that computers are now becoming agents of social scientific analysis or even thinking: are we about to witness the birth of distinctly anthropological forms of artificial intelligence? By exploring these questions, the hope is not only to introduce scholars and students to computational anthropological methods, but also to disrupt predominant norms and assumptions among computational social scientists and data science writ large.","PeriodicalId":47834,"journal":{"name":"Big Data & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44350115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Algorithmic probing: Prompting offensive Google results and their moderation 算法探测:提示攻击性谷歌结果及其节制

IF 8.5 1区社会学

Big Data & Society Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/20539517231176228

Richard A. Rogers

引用次数: 3

The multifaceted and situated data center imaginary of Dutch Twitter 荷兰推特想象的多方面、位置优越的数据中心

IF 8.5 1区社会学

Big Data & Society Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/20539517231155064

Karin van Es, Daan van der Weijden, Jeroen Bakker

引用次数: 0

Web3 as ‘self-infrastructuring’: The challenge is how Web3作为“自我基础设施”:挑战在于如何实现

IF 8.5 1区社会学

Big Data & Society Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/20539517231159002

K. Nabben

引用次数: 8

Ethical scaling for content moderation: Extreme speech and the (in)significance of artificial intelligence 内容节制的伦理尺度：极端言论和人工智能的意义

IF 8.5 1区社会学

Big Data & Society Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/20539517231172424

Sahana Udupa, Antonis Maronikolakis, Axel Wisiorek

{"title":"Ethical scaling for content moderation: Extreme speech and the (in)significance of artificial intelligence","authors":"Sahana Udupa, Antonis Maronikolakis, Axel Wisiorek","doi":"10.1177/20539517231172424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231172424","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we present new empirical evidence to demonstrate the severe limitations of existing machine learning content moderation methods to keep pace with, let alone stay ahead of, hateful language online. Building on the collaborative coding project “AI4Dignity” we outline the ambiguities and complexities of annotating problematic text in AI-assisted moderation systems. We diagnose the shortcomings of the content moderation and natural language processing approach as emerging from a broader epistemological trapping wrapped in the liberal-modern idea of “the human”. Presenting a decolonial critique of the “human vs machine” conundrum and drawing attention to the structuring effects of coloniality on extreme speech, we propose “ethical scaling” to highlight moderation process as political praxis. As a normative framework for platform governance, ethical scaling calls for a transparent, reflexive, and replicable process of iteration for content moderation with community participation and global parity, which should evolve in conjunction with addressing algorithmic amplification of divisive content and resource allocation for content moderation.","PeriodicalId":47834,"journal":{"name":"Big Data & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43134080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Surveillance capitalism and systemic digital risk: The imperative to collect and connect and the risks of interconnectedness 监控资本主义与系统性数字风险：收集和连接的必要性和相互关联的风险

IF 8.5 1区社会学

Big Data & Society Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/20539517231177621

D. Curran

{"title":"Surveillance capitalism and systemic digital risk: The imperative to collect and connect and the risks of interconnectedness","authors":"D. Curran","doi":"10.1177/20539517231177621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231177621","url":null,"abstract":"Zuboff's The Age of Surveillance Capitalism provides a powerful analysis of the emergence of surveillance capitalism as a particular type of informational capitalism. Many of the important impacts of this project of creating larger and more integrated systems of ‘behavioural surplus’ are captured powerfully by Zuboff; yet as different risk and organisational scholars such as Beck, Perrow, and Vaughan have argued, integrated systems often do not function as intended. While the imperfection of these systems may raise the possibility that surveillance capitalism may not be as bad as Zuboff suggests, there is also a way in which these systems not functioning as intended can make surveillance capitalism an even more dystopian possibility. In this vein, this paper asks: what are the consequences when the tools of a surveillance capitalist society break down? This paper argues that it is by thinking through Zuboff's framework that we can identify the systemic fragility of a surveillance capitalist society. This systemic fragility emerges through how surveillance capitalism generates imperatives towards the maximal collection of data for exploitation, which in turn generates a corresponding imperative to connect all aspects of life. Both of these imperatives, of collect and connect, in turn create an immensely fragile digital system, which has vast ramifications throughout social life, such that small imperfections and gaps in the system can magnify risk throughout society.","PeriodicalId":47834,"journal":{"name":"Big Data & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47233959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Big ideas, small data: Opportunities and challenges for data science and the social services sector 大创意、小数据：数据科学和社会服务部门的机遇与挑战

IF 8.5 1区社会学

Big Data & Society Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/20539517231171051

Geri L. Dimas, Lauri Goldkind, R. Konrad

引用次数: 0