Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology最新文献

{"title":"When perfectionists adopt health behaviors: perfectionism and self-efficacy as determinants of health behavior, anxiety and depression.","authors":"Monika A Kozłowska, Marta Kuty-Pachecka","doi":"10.5114/cipp/156145","DOIUrl":"10.5114/cipp/156145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aims to show interrelations between self-efficacy, perfectionism (adaptive and maladaptive), health behavior, and mental health outcomes such as anxiety and depression as an exponent in maintaining optimal health. In the analyses, we focused on one category of health behaviors - preventive practices.: participants and procedure: Of the gathered data, 295 complete datasets were analyzed (age: <i>M</i> = 28.16, <i>SD</i> = 9.41; 72.8% participants female). We proposed two path models with personality traits (as exogenous variables) and health behaviors (as endogenous variables) in predicting depression and anxiety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple regression analysis revealed that maladaptive perfectionism and generalized self-efficacy significantly predicted health behaviors in general and mental health outcomes whereas adaptive perfectionism and generalized self-efficacy were significant predictors of preventive practices. The path analyses showed that generalized self-efficacy and perfectionism are related directly to mental health outcomes as well as indirectly, through health behaviors. Interestingly, we found a negative indirect effect of an interaction between generalized self-efficacy and preventive practices as well as of an interaction between adaptive perfectionism and preventive practices on mental health outcomes. The model fitted well with the data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings show that a balanced and more holistic approach to maintaining health is beneficial for people high in self-efficacy in comparison with high focus on disease prevention. Additionally, the results demonstrate that adaptive perfectionists and people high in self-efficacy may also be prone to anxiety and depression (not just maladaptive perfectionists) when their health focus is too narrow.</p>","PeriodicalId":47821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology","volume":"5 1","pages":"326-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10699297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90302672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homicide and the Death Penalty","authors":"D. Archer, R. Gartner, Marc Beittel","doi":"10.4324/9781003060581-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003060581-37","url":null,"abstract":"bate is complex and confused, partly because support for the death penalty reflects no single theory but, instead, a conglomeration of several different theories. These include retribution, avoidance of economic costs associated with protracted imprisonment, a disbelief in rehabilitation, and, finally, a conception that has come to be called \"deterrence theory.\" While each argument for the death penalty has its supporters, it is deterrence theory that has captured public imagination and scientific attention.","PeriodicalId":47821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology","volume":"74 1","pages":"991-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42204016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The production of on-line dialysis water for extracorporeal dialysis: proposals for an increased safety upgrade: a viewpoint.","authors":"Piergiorgio Bolasco","doi":"10.1007/s40620-019-00667-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40620-019-00667-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>At the start of the 2000s, the progressive diffusion of high-flux extracorporeal dialysis and membranes saw an increased use of high infusion volumes injected into the patient's blood circuit following the advent of on-line water production plants.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Our 15-year experience with on-line extracorporeal methodologies using very high infusion volumes has led to the detection of errors and weaknesses, thus allowing us to correct and provide for the implementation of appropriate technology in dialysis water production plants with the aim of ensuring a higher chemical-physical, bacteriological and endotoxin quality. The initial procedures had already been outlined in the 2005 Italian Guidelines, although still today Health Technicians and Nephrologists operating in the field are unable to take on board specific integrations for on-line methods due to a lack of upgrading of documentation in both European and non-European Guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After more than 17 years' experience, and in view of the technological implementations developed since 2005, we wish to put forward a series of suggestions in an attempt to improve the safety of on-line water, with uses ranging from drinking water, pre-treatment, osmosis, distribution circuit, hemodialysis monitors up to the most recent update of microbiological cultures.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Additional, more stringent measures are required to prevent the occurrence of acute accidents during dialysis sessions and to reduce chronic inflammation-oxidation deriving from the use of not totally ultra-pure/sterile dialysis fluids.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our point of view based on our long-standing experience, the proposals made relate to procedures to be applied in technological maintenance, which the consultant nephrologist and other relevant personnel such as microbiologists, biologists, and technical operators should adhere to rigorously to ensure that the production of dialysis water on-line is viewed on a par with a pharmacological administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":47821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology","volume":"52 1","pages":"405-415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7220975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90363853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive Prosecution in a Pandemic","authors":"Chad W. Flanders, Stephen R. Galoob","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3605593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3605593","url":null,"abstract":"Flanders and Galoob explore the issue on progressive prosecution in the US in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic The pandemic alters the attitudes of state officials to incarceration in a very short time Since the beginning of the pandemic, many more people have been released, rather than detained, before trial Low-level offenders are being sentenced to home confinement More police are giving warnings for low-level offenses rather than making arrests, and prosecutors have established policies against prosecuting those arrested for low-level offenses As a result, prison and jail populations are declining, although it is too soon to tell how dramatic or permanent that decline will be These moves are driven by the fear and, in many cases, the reality of COVID-19 outbreaks in jails and prisons Correctional institutions are now virus hot spots, and states and localities do not want to be responsible for the human suffering or for the costs of caring for a rash of new patients At the same time, these reforms are in line with what so-called progressive prosecutors have proposed and fought to implement during the past several years","PeriodicalId":47821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology","volume":"110 1","pages":"685-706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41821145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do dietary intakes influence the rate of decline in anti-Mullerian hormone among eumenorrheic women? A population-based prospective investigation.","authors":"Nazanin Moslehi, Parvin Mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi, Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani","doi":"10.1186/s12937-019-0508-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-019-0508-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary intakes are suggested to affect age at menopause but associations between dietary factors and ovarian reserve reduction have not yet been investigated. We aimed to examine dietary intakes in relation to the rate of decline in anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), an indicator of ovarian reserve, in a generally healthy cohort of women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective investigation was conducted among 227 eumenorrheic women, aged 20-50 years, from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose study, who were followed over a mean of 16 years. AMH was measured twice, at baseline and the 5th follow-up examination cycle, and yearly rate of decline in AMH was calculated. Rapid decline in AMH was defined as the annual percent change AMH > 5.9%/year based on tertile 3 of the variable. Average usual dietary intakes were estimated using the food frequency questionnaires administered at the second, third, and the fourth follow-up examinations. After adjusting for potential covariates, the association between dietary factors and both risk of rapid decline in AMH and also annual percent decline of AMH (as a continuous variable) were examined using logistic regression and the Spearman correlation, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The baseline age of the participants and the median rate of decline in AMH were 37.2 years and was 5.7% yearly, respectively. The odds of rapid decline in AMH was reduced by 47% for dairy products (95% CIs = 0.36, 0.79; p = 0.002), 38% for milk (95% CIs = 0.41, 0.93; p = 0.020), and 36% for fermented dairy (95% CIs = 0.45, 0.93, p = 0.018) per one standard deviation (SD) increase in their dietary intakes. The odds of rapid decline in AMH was significantly reduced with higher intakes of fat, carbohydrate, protein, and calcium intakes from dairy sources, lactose and galactose. Annual rate of AMH decline was inversely correlated with dairy products, milk, fermented dairy, fruits, dairy carbohydrate, dairy fat, dairy protein, total calcium and dairy calcium, lactose and galactose, and positively correlated with organ meats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dairy foods consumption may reduce the rate of AMH decline in regularly menstruating women. Life style modification in terms of dietary advice may be considered as a preventive strategy for reduction in the rate of ovarian reserve loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":47821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology","volume":"25 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6889581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90320689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peri-operative monocyte count is a marker of poor prognosis in gastric cancer: increased monocytes are a characteristic of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.","authors":"Shinya Urakawa, Makoto Yamasaki, Kumiko Goto, Miya Haruna, Michinari Hirata, Akiko Morimoto-Okazawa, Atsunari Kawashima, Kota Iwahori, Tomoki Makino, Yukinori Kurokawa, Tomomi Yamada, Masaki Mori, Yuichiro Doki, Hisashi Wada","doi":"10.1007/s00262-019-02366-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00262-019-02366-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common malignant tumor in digestive organs, and the prognosis of GC patients who have undergone surgery remains poor because of frequent recurrence. Therefore, the identification of new markers to predict the outcome of these patients is needed. Monocyte count is a negative prognostic factor associated with inflammation. We investigated the relationship between peripheral monocytes in the peri-operative period and prognosis in GC patients. A high pre-operative monocyte count was identified as a prognostic factor in a retrospective analysis of 278 stage II and III GC patients who underwent curative gastrectomy. In contrast, an increased post-operative monocyte count compared to the pre-operative monocyte count was a marker of poor prognosis, particularly for early relapse. In a prospective analysis of 75 GC patients, a subset of the increased post-operative monocytes was similar to CD14⁺ HLA-DR^- CD11b⁺ CD33⁺ cells by flow cytometry, and these monocytes produced IDO and arginase and suppressed T cell functions; therefore, we classified these cells as monocytic myeloid-derived suppressive cells (M-MDSCs). Peri-operative neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP), which are also related to inflammation, did not affect the prognosis of GC patients, and a neutrophil immunosuppressive function was not observed. These results suggest that peripheral monocytes in the peri-operative period in GC patients are a useful marker for the prognosis of GC patients, and a subset of increased post-operative monocytes may be characterized as M-MDSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology","volume":"43 1","pages":"1341-1350"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11028272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90351957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“I heard it through the grapevine”: a randomized controlled trial on the direct and vicarious effects of preventative specific deterrence initiatives in criminal networks","authors":"B. Ariel, A. Englefield, J. Denley","doi":"10.17863/CAM.41581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.41581","url":null,"abstract":"A rich body of literature exists on deterrence, yet little is known about how deterrence messages are communicated through social networks. This is an important gap in our understanding, because such communication gives rise to the possibility that social institutions can utilize the vicarious effect of the threat of punishment against one individual to reduce the rate of reoffending amongst their criminal associates. To test this, we identified criminals with an extensive offending history (prolific offenders) and their co-offenders using social network analysis and then conducted a randomized controlled trial to measure the effect on both prolific offenders and their cooffenders of delivering a “specific deterrence” message. The treatment— preemptive engagements with prolific offenders by a police officer offering both ‘carrots’ (desistance pathways) and ‘sticks’ (increased sanction threat)—was applied to the prolific offenders, but not to their co-offenders. The outcomes suggest that a single officer–offender engagement leads to a crime suppression effect in all comparisons, with 21.3%, 11.0%, and 15.0% reductions for specific, vicarious, and total network deterrence effects, respectively. The findings suggest that (a) social network analysis based on in-house police records can be used to cartographically understand social networks of offenders, with an aim of preventing crime; (b) deterrence messages promulgated by the police have the capacity to reduce crime beyond what was previously assumed, as the cascading of threats in cooffending relationships carries a vicarious crime reduction impact; (c) unlike “reactive specific deterrence” (i.e., a threat of punishment following a specific and detected crime) which can have perverse effects on certain offenders, preventative specific deterrence is a promising crime policy.","PeriodicalId":47821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology","volume":"109 1","pages":"819-865"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43753062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Clarks: An American Phenomenon","authors":"A. Lindesmith, William D. Mangam","doi":"10.2307/1136464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1136464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology","volume":"33 1","pages":"400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1136464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44630138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Change: From Rates of Recidivism to Markers of Desistance","authors":"Cecelia M. Klingele","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3142405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3142405","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing the incidence of crime is a primary task of the criminal justice system and one for which it rightly should be held accountable. The system’s success is frequently judged by the recidivism rates of those who are subject to various criminal justice interventions, from treatment programs to imprisonment. This Article suggests that, however popular, recidivism alone is a poor metric for gauging the success of criminal justice interventions or of those who participate in them. This is true primarily because recidivism is a binary measure, and behavioral change is a multi-faceted process. Accepting recidivism as a valid, stand-alone metric imposes on the criminal justice system a responsibility beyond its capacity, demanding that its success turn on transforming even the most serious and intractable of offenders into fully law-abiding citizens. Instead of measuring success by simple rates of recidivism, policymakers should seek more nuanced metrics. One such alternative is readily available: markers of desistance. Desistance, which in this context means the process by which individuals move from a life that is crime-involved to one that is not, is evidenced not just by whether a person re-offends but also by whether there are increasing intervals between offenses and patterns of de-escalating behavior. These easily obtainable metrics, which are already widely relied on by criminologists, can yield more nuanced information about the degree to which criminal justice interventions correlate with positive (or negative) life changes. They also resemble more closely the ways in which other fields that address behavioral change such as education attempt to measure change over time. Measuring the success of criminal justice interventions by reference to their effects on desistance would mean seeking evidence of progress, not perfection. Such an approach would allow criminal justice agencies to be held accountable for promoting positive change without asking them to do the impossible, thereby creating new pathways by which the criminal justice system could be recognized for achieving real and measurable progress in crime reduction.","PeriodicalId":47821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology","volume":"109 1","pages":"769-817"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2139/SSRN.3142405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48687245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rhetoric of Abolition: Continuity and Change in the Struggle Against America's Death Penalty, 1900-2010","authors":"Austin D. Sarat, Robert P. Kermes, Haley Cambra, Adelyn Curran, Margaret Kiley, K. Pant","doi":"10.4324/9781315747699-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315747699-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology","volume":"107 1","pages":"757"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70439268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}