Population Studies-A Journal of Demography最新文献

{"title":"Ready-Willing-Able: Early childhood mortality decline in Turkey.","authors":"Rengin Aktar, Alberto Palloni","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2022.2058596","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00324728.2022.2058596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We test a conjecture to explain Turkey's decades-long 'underachievement' in early child mortality improvements. We argue that it is largely a consequence of cultural barriers to embracing available modern medical technology and healthcare practices. The empirical test rests on a reformulation of Coale's Ready-Willing-Able (RWA) framework for explaining fertility changes, which makes it suitable to understand mortality changes. We use structural equation modelling and Demographic and Health Surveys spanning 1993-2013 to estimate basic parameters of the reformulated framework. These parameters are then used to classify mothers into four groups with different configurations of RWA dimensions and different probabilities of adopting modern medical practices. We find that observed behaviours in these groups were consistent with RWA expectations. In addition, we find that an important contributor to Turkey's lagging mortality decline was a population distribution biased towards groups more reticent to adopting modern healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"76 2","pages":"273-293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9256781/pdf/nihms-1792367.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9786213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population-level impact of adverse early life conditions on adult healthy life expectancy in low- and middle-income countries.","authors":"Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez,&nbsp;Alberto Palloni,&nbsp;Yiyue Huangfu,&nbsp;Mary McEniry","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.1933149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1933149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence from theories of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) suggests that experiencing adverse early life conditions subsequently leads to detrimental adult health outcomes. The bulk of empirical DOHaD literature does not consider the nature and magnitude of the impact of adverse early life conditions at the population level. In particular, it ignores the distortion of age and cohort patterns of adult health and mortality and the increased load of chronic illness and disability that ensues. In this paper, we use a microsimulation model combined with empirical estimates of incidence and prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and associated disability in low- and middle-income countries to assess the magnitude of delayed effects on adult healthy life expectancy and on compression (or expansion) of morbidity at older ages. The main goal is to determine if, in what ways, and to what extent delayed effects due to early conditions can influence cohorts' chronic illness and disability profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"76 1","pages":"19-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00324728.2021.1933149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10810943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferences for a mixed-sex composition of offspring: A multigenerational approach.","authors":"Federica Querin","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2022.2027003","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00324728.2022.2027003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parents with two boys or two girls are more likely to have a third child than those with a 'sex mix'. However, little is known on whether these 'mixed-sex preferences' extend beyond the nuclear family. This study leverages the random variation in sex at birth to assess whether the sex of nieces and nephews, in combination with own children, matters for fertility choices. Using three-generational data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), I show that extended families (including grandparents, their children, and their grandchildren) are collectively more likely to have three or more grandchildren when lacking sex mix, whether the first two grandchildren are siblings or cousins. I explore the pathways for these offspring sex preferences, finding support for a preference for an uninterrupted line of male descendants. This multigenerational approach also contributes a new estimation strategy that causally estimates the effects of family sizes on outcomes beyond fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"76 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8891064/pdf/nihms-1771236.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9358490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What have we learned about mortality patterns over the past 25 years?","authors":"Alyson A van Raalte","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.1967430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1967430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, I examine progress in the field of mortality over the past 25 years. I argue that we have been most successful in taking advantage of an increasingly data-rich environment to improve aggregate mortality models and test pre-existing theories. Less progress has been made in relating our estimates of mortality risk at the individual level to broader mortality patterns at the population level while appropriately accounting for contextual differences and compositional change. Overall, I find that the field of mortality continues to be highly visible in demographic journals, including <i>Population Studies</i>. However much of what is published today in field journals could just as easily appear in neighbouring disciplinary journals, as disciplinary boundaries are shrinking.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 sup1","pages":"105-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving towards the centre or the exit? Migration in population studies and in <i>Population Studies</i> 1996-2021.","authors":"Ronald Skeldon","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.1942178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1942178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines the position of migration in population studies, focusing on the period 1996-2021. It considers the reasons why migration remains problematic for demographers, but also how approaches to migration have changed over the last 25 years. While it has arguably become more important to both demography and population studies because of the transition to low fertility and mortality, migration has metamorphosed into a complex field in its own right, almost independently from changes in demography. Both internal and international migration form the subject of this examination and four main themes are pursued: data and measurement; theories and approaches; migration and development; and migration and political demography. The papers published in the journal Population Studies are used to provide a mirror through which to view these changes over the last 25 years. This paper concludes by looking at likely future directions in migration studies, demography, and population studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 sup1","pages":"27-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39722173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demography and the rise, apparent fall, and resurgence of eugenics.","authors":"Rebecca Sear","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.2009013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.2009013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Demography was heavily involved in the eugenics movement of the early twentieth century but, along with most other social science disciplines, largely rejected eugenic thinking in the decades after the Second World War. Eugenic ideology never entirely deserted academia, however, and in the twenty-first century, it is re-emerging into mainstream academic discussion. This paper aims, first, to provide a reminder of demography's early links with eugenics and, second, to raise awareness of this academic resurgence of eugenic ideology. The final aim of the paper is to recommend ways to counter this resurgence: these include more active discussion of demography's eugenic past, especially when training students; greater emphasis on critical approaches in demography; and greater engagement of demographers (and other social scientists) with biologists and geneticists, in order to ensure that research which combines the biological and social sciences is rigorous.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 sup1","pages":"201-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39834107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looking to the future of <i>Population Studies</i>.","authors":"John Ermisch","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.2006444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.2006444","url":null,"abstract":"From its inception in 1946, Population Studies has taken a broad view of demography, reflecting the outlook of its founding editor, David Glass, and carried forward during its first 50 years by Eugene Grebenik. The aim of its 50th anniversary issue in 1996 was to describe developments in demographic research during its first 50 years of existence. That period witnessed many of the major advances to the techniques of demographic analysis, as well as the increase in availability of new individual-level data sets (e.g. the World Fertility Surveys), some of which were longitudinal in nature. Population research invariably depends on the nature of the data available and researchers’ abilities to analyse them to shed light on demographic processes and structures at the population level. Since 1996, when John Simons took over as the third editor of Population Studies, the data of interest to demographers have expanded enormously and along with them new statistical techniques to deal with the complexity of the data collection methods. Of particular importance has been the expanding programme of Demographic and Health Surveys, which provide country-specific and comparative data on population, health, and nutrition in over 90 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Studies collecting longitudinal data (e.g. birth cohort studies and household panel data) have matured, and population registration data are increasingly available to researchers, albeit for only a few, mostly Scandinavian, countries. Census and survey data from many countries covering long time periods have become digitally accessible through the IPUMS (not an acronym!) programme. All these types of data have featured in many papers published in Population Studies during the past 25 years. New vistas in data relevant for demographers are opening, as explained in Ridhi Kashyap’s paper in this issue. These new data possibilities present new challenges, however. Many of the new sources are by their nature unrepresentative of the sorts of well-defined populations with which demographic analysts are familiar. This makes further development of statistical techniques for combining data and cross-validating them at the population level an important part of using the new types of data in demography and population studies. Fortunately, along with new data, population studies has attracted more researchers into its sphere, aided by an expansion of graduate programmes in social sciences and by interest shown by academics in disciplines previously less active in the field. They have brought new analytical insights into population studies, both in the way they think about the subject and in new skills in data analysis, interpretation, and presentation. A consequence of this cross-fertilization is a field endowed with a new generation of scholars with the interests and abilities to develop the field of population studies further. It is impossible to know in what direction they may take it","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 sup1","pages":"253-254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory and explanation in demography: The case of low fertility in Europe.","authors":"Elspeth Graham","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.1971742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1971742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the 50th anniversary edition of <i>Population Studies</i>, John Hobcraft commented that demographers spend too little time trying to explain the phenomena they measure and describe. A quarter of a century on, this paper looks at the state of theory and explanation in contemporary demography. I ask how demographers have approached the task of explanation since Hobcraft's comment, grounding the discussion in the mainstream literature on low fertility in Europe. Using selected examples, I critically review macro- and micro-level approaches to explanation, highlighting some of the philosophical problems that each encounters. I argue that different conceptions of what demography is, and the explanatory language fertility researchers use, lead to differences in explanatory strategies that are rarely explicitly recognized. I also consider how critical theories challenge demographers to think in new ways. Despite the increasing attention paid to theory and explanation, I conclude that more engagement with the philosophy of social sciences is needed before fertility researchers can legitimately claim their studies do as much to explain and understand as to quantify and describe.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 sup1","pages":"133-155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not the great equalizers: Covid-19, 1918-20 influenza, and the need for a paradigm shift in pandemic preparedness.","authors":"Svenn-Erik Mamelund,&nbsp;Jessica Dimka","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.1959630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1959630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite common perceptions to the contrary, pandemic diseases do not affect populations indiscriminately. In this paper, we review literature produced by demographers, historians, epidemiologists, and other researchers on disparities during the 1918-20 influenza pandemic and the Covid-19 pandemic. Evidence from these studies demonstrates that lower socio-economic status and minority/stigmatized race or ethnicity are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. However, such research often lacks theoretical frameworks or appropriate data to explain the mechanisms underlying these disparities fully. We suggest using a framework that considers proximal and distal factors contributing to differential exposure, susceptibility, and consequences as one way to move this research forward. Further, current pandemic preparedness plans emphasize medically defined risk groups and epidemiological approaches. Therefore, we conclude by arguing in favour of a transdisciplinary paradigm that recognizes socially defined risk groups, includes input from the social sciences and humanities and other diverse perspectives, and contributes to the reduction of health disparities before a pandemic hits.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 sup1","pages":"179-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic perspectives in research on global environmental change.","authors":"Raya Muttarak","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.1988684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1988684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human population is at the centre of research on global environmental change. On the one hand, population dynamics influence the environment and the global climate system through consumption-based carbon emissions. On the other hand, the health and well-being of the population are already being affected by climate change. A knowledge of population dynamics and population heterogeneity is thus fundamental to improving our understanding of how population size, composition, and distribution influence global environmental change and how these changes affect population subgroups differentially by demographic characteristics and spatial distribution. The increasing relevance of demographic research on the topic, coupled with availability of theoretical concepts and advancement in data and computing facilities, has contributed to growing engagement of demographers in this field. In the past 25 years, demographic research has enriched climate change research-with the key contribution being in moving beyond the narrow view that population matters only in terms of population size-by putting a greater emphasis on population composition and distribution, through presenting both empirical evidence and advanced population forecasting to account for demographic and spatial heterogeneity. What remains missing in the literature is research that investigates how global environmental change affects current and future demographic processes and, consequently, population trends. If global environmental change does influence fertility, mortality, and migration, then population estimates and forecasts need to adjust for climate feedback in population projections. Indisputably, this is the area of new research that directly requires expertise in population science and contribution from demographers.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 sup1","pages":"77-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}