Population Studies-A Journal of Demography最新文献

{"title":"Why a long-term perspective is beneficial for demographers.","authors":"Alice Reid","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.2002393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.2002393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although many contemporary demographers pay attention to historical demography, there is often a surprising lack of appreciation of the demographic circumstances and systems of the past, suggesting an implicit assumption that they are not relevant to the present or that the methods, data, and questions addressed by historical and contemporary demographers are different. This paper provides an overview of historical demography as published in <i>Population Studies</i> and how this has developed over time. Drawing on this, I demonstrate that historical and contemporary demography use similar data sources and identical methods, and they often address comparable questions. I argue that an appreciation of demographic patterns and processes is beneficial for all demographers, even those who work on the most recent time periods, and that better integration of historical and contemporary demography would be beneficial to both. The paper also considers three challenges for historical demography as it moves forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 sup1","pages":"157-177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Population Studies</i> at 75 years: An empirical review.","authors":"Melinda C Mills,&nbsp;Charles Rahal","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.1996624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1996624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Population Studies</i> advances research on fertility, mortality, family, migration, methods, policy, and beyond, yet it lacks a recent, rigorous review. We examine all papers published between 1947 and 2020 (<i>N</i> = 1,901) and their authors, using natural language processing, social network analysis, and mixed methods that combine unsupervised machine learning with qualitative coding. After providing a brief history, we map the evolution in authorship and papers towards shorter, multi-authored papers, also finding that females comprise 33.5 per cent of authorship across the period under study, with varied sex ratios across topics. Most papers examine fertility, mortality, and family, studying groups and change, but topics vary over time. Children are rarely studied, and research on women focuses on family planning, fertility decline, and unions, whereas key domains for research on men are migration, historical demography (war, famine), and employment. Research on Africa and Asia focuses on family planning, with work on fertility decline concentrated on North America and Europe, consistent with theories of demographic transition. Our resulting discussion identifies future directions for demographic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 sup1","pages":"7-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39722172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Has demography witnessed a data revolution? Promises and pitfalls of a changing data ecosystem.","authors":"Ridhi Kashyap","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.1969031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1969031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past 25 years, technological improvements that have made the collection, transmission, storage, and analysis of data significantly easier and more cost efficient have ushered in what has been described as the 'big data' era or the 'data revolution'. In the social sciences context, the data revolution has often been characterized in terms of increased volume and variety of data, and much excitement has focused on the growing opportunity to repurpose data that are the by-products of the digitalization of social life for research. However, many features of the data revolution are not new for demographers, who have long used large-scale population data and been accustomed to repurposing imperfect data not originally collected for research. Nevertheless, I argue that demography, too, has been affected by the data revolution, and the data ecosystem for demographic research has been significantly enriched. These developments have occurred across two dimensions. The first involves the augmented granularity, variety, and opportunities for linkage that have bolstered the capabilities of 'old' big population data sources, such as censuses, administrative data, and surveys. The second involves the growing interest in and use of 'new' big data sources, such as 'digital traces' generated through internet and mobile phone use, and related to this, the emergence of 'digital demography'. These developments have enabled new opportunities and offer much promise moving forward, but they also raise important ethical, technical, and conceptual challenges for the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 sup1","pages":"47-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"75 years of <i>Population Studies</i>: A diamond anniversary special issue.","authors":"Wendy Sigle,&nbsp;Alice Reid,&nbsp;Rebecca Sear","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.2006440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.2006440","url":null,"abstract":"The celebration of anniversaries is a long-standing, widespread, and popular custom, connecting us to the cycle of life and prompting reflections on who we have become. Celebrations are often linked to demographic events or transitions, such as births and weddings or, in the case of royalty, events such as transition to the throne. As 2021 draws to a close, Population Studies: A Journal of Demography completes its 75th year of publication. To mark its golden anniversary in 1996, the editors curated a special issue which brought together a range of reflections about the state of the discipline and the contribution the journal had made in its first 50 years. That issue was as glittery and as weighty as something golden should be (with a specific gravity of 19.3, pure gold is one of the heaviest minerals in the world). Many of the papers in that remarkable collection could be described as classics: they remain highly cited and are frequently downloaded by both researchers and students. The issue came out when we, the guest editors of this special issue, were students ourselves and were just beginning the process of academic and discipline-specific enculturation. By describing the discipline itself— its priorities, sources of data, and ways of knowing —the 1996 special issue provided a polished insider view of the scholarly community that was, at that stage in our lives, not entirely familiar to us. Given how much the world and the discipline— and we ourselves—have changed in the past quarter of a century, we thought the 75th anniversary would be a good time to once again take stock and reflect. With some accounts locating its origins in the German bloc of the Holy Roman Empire, the association of gold with the 50th anniversary and silver with the 25th anniversary is a centuries-old European custom, one which did not appear to make its way to Anglo-Saxon Europe until the nineteenth century. Although the diamond came to be associated with the 60th anniversary when Queen Victoria celebrated her Diamond Jubilee, prior to that, the ‘traditional’ diamond anniversary was the 75th. What unique aspects of the diamond did we hope to bring to this celebration and this issue? One of the key distinctions between gold and diamonds is that gold is homogeneous and diamonds are not. It is perhaps right then that this issue has sought to include a more heterogeneous set of authors and perspectives than was included 25 years ago. At the same time, diamonds usually come with some kind of imperfection. They are often recut to improve them. Our diamond celebration draws attention to what has been and is so very beautiful about the discipline but also considers its imperfections and ways it might be recut to enhance its value. Like diamonds, our discipline is strong and resilient. We are confident it can withstand some scrutiny and critique alongside some well-deserved appreciation. What better way to take stock—and to celebrate the journal’s contribution to knowledge—tha","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 sup1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's so troubling about 'voluntary' family planning anyway? A feminist perspective.","authors":"Rishita Nandagiri","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.1996623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1996623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voluntary family planning is a key mainstay of demographic work and population policies. The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) signalled a decisive shift away from fertility reduction and target-setting to an emphasis on voluntary family planning as intrinsic to reproductive health and women's empowerment. Yet, criticisms of voluntary family planning programmes persist, interrogating how 'voluntariness' is understood and wielded or questioning the instrumentalization of women's fertilities in the service of economic and developmental goals. In this paper, I reflect on these debates with the aim of troubling the notion of voluntary family planning as an unambiguous good that enables equitable empowerment and development for all. Drawing on literature from cognate disciplines, I highlight how voluntariness is linked to social and structural conditions, and I challenge the instrumentalization of voluntary family planning as a 'common agenda' to solve 'development' problems. Engaging with this work can contribute to key concepts (e.g. 'voluntary') and measurements (e.g. autonomy), strengthening the collective commitment to achieving the ICPD and contributing to reproductive empowerment and autonomy. Through this intervention, I aim to help demographers see why some critics call for a reconsideration of voluntary family planning and encourage a decoupling of interventions from fertility reduction aims, instead centring human rights, autonomy, and reproductive empowerment.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 sup1","pages":"221-234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive transitions and women's status in Indian households.","authors":"Megan N Reed","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.1904147","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00324728.2021.1904147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using panel data, this study tracks the impact of reproductive transitions on women's status in the household in India. Here, status refers to the social benefits that women experience by meeting societal expectations related to childbearing. The analysis shows that becoming a mother is associated with increased freedom of movement and access to enabling resources. The adoption of permanent contraception-a common life course event marking the end of childbearing in India-is associated with increased freedom of movement but has no association with changes in access to enabling resources. Household decision-making, another dimension of women's status examined in the paper, is less dynamic over time and there is limited evidence of its association with reproductive transitions. The findings illustrate the tight linkages between household power dynamics and the life course in the South Asian context, and highlight the centrality of women's role as mothers in determining their social position.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 3","pages":"325-341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10835135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38824932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of older-adult mortality from information distorted by systematic age misreporting.","authors":"Alberto Palloni,&nbsp;Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez,&nbsp;Guido Pinto","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.1918752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1918752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Testing theories about human senescence and longevity demands accurate information on older-adult mortality; this is rare in low- to middle-income countries where raw data may be distorted by defective completeness and systematic age misreporting. For this reason, such populations are frequently excluded from empirical tests of mortality and longevity theories, thus limiting their reach, as they reflect only a small and selected human mortality experience. In this paper we formulate an integrated method to compute estimates of older-adult mortality when vital registration and population counts are defective due to inaccurate coverage and/or systematic age misreporting. The procedure is validated with a simulation study that identifies a strategy to compute adjustments, which, under some assumptions, performs quite well. While the paper focuses on Latin American and Caribbean countries, the method is quite general and, with additional information and some model reformulation, could be applied to other populations with similar problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 3","pages":"403-420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00324728.2021.1918752","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38923169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Height and health in late eighteenth-century England.","authors":"Hannaliis Jaadla, Leigh Shaw-Taylor, Romola Davenport","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2020.1823011","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00324728.2020.1823011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adult stature has become a widely used indicator of childhood nutritional status in historical populations and may provide insights into health inequalities that are not discernible in mortality rates. However, most pre-twentieth-century British data on heights suffer from selection biases. Here we present unique evidence on heights of adult males by occupation from an unbiased sample of adult males in Dorset in 1798-99. The mean height of fully grown (married) men was very similar to that of older military recruits, and our sample therefore confirms the taller stature of English males relative to males of other European countries in the same period. In contrast to previous evidence of negligible or U-shaped socio-economic gradients in mortality in this period, we found a fairly linear gradient in height by socio-economic status, that is similar in magnitude to class differences in adult height among English males born in the mid-twentieth century.<i>Supplementary material for this article is available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2020.1823011</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 3","pages":"381-401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8516076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38528316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of housing market liberalization on the timing of marriage: Evidence from Egypt.","authors":"Ragui Assaad,&nbsp;Caroline Krafft,&nbsp;Dominique J Rolando","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.1914853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1914853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transition to adulthood around the world is increasingly characterized by young people's desire to form independent households. Forming such households in Egypt requires buying or building a dwelling or obtaining a rental unit. Policies governing housing markets, such as rent control, and limited financing options have historically made access to housing for young couples challenging. In this paper, we use a difference-in-difference approach to evaluate how the liberalization of rental markets in Egypt affected the timing of marriage. We find that Egypt's 1996 rental reforms accelerated marriages and led to a reversal in the trend of rising age at marriage.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 3","pages":"343-361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00324728.2021.1914853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38955325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did sexual behaviour differences between HIV infection and treatment groups offset the preventative biological effects of ART roll-out in Zimbabwe?","authors":"Simon Gregson,&nbsp;Constance Nyamukapa","doi":"10.1080/00324728.2021.1874043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1874043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Declines in HIV incidence have been slower than expected during the roll-out of antiretroviral treatment (ART) services in sub-Saharan African populations suffering generalized epidemics. Using data from a population-based, open cohort HIV sero-survey (2004-13), we found evidence for initial reductions in sexual activity and multiple sexual partnerships, followed by increases during the period of ART scale-up in areas of high HIV prevalence in Manicaland, east Zimbabwe. Recent population-level increases in condom use were also recorded, but largely reflected high use by the rapidly growing proportion of HIV-infected individuals on treatment. Sexual risk behaviour increased in susceptible uninfected individuals and in untreated (and therefore more infectious) HIV-infected men, which may have slowed the decline in HIV incidence in this area. Intensified primary HIV prevention programmes, together with strengthened risk screening, referral, and support services following HIV testing, could help to maximize the impact of 'test-and-treat' programmes in reducing new infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":47814,"journal":{"name":"Population Studies-A Journal of Demography","volume":"75 3","pages":"457-476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00324728.2021.1874043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25347866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}