Ssm-Population Health最新文献

{"title":"AI-Enhanced evaluation of YouTube content on post-surgical incontinence following pelvic cancer treatment","authors":"Alvaro Manuel Rodriguez-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Marta De la Fuente-Costa ,&nbsp;Mario Escalera-de la Riva ,&nbsp;Borja Perez-Dominguez ,&nbsp;Gustavo Paseiro-Ares ,&nbsp;Jose Casaña ,&nbsp;Maria Blanco-Diaz","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Several pelvic area cancers exhibit high incidence rates, and their surgical treatment can result in adverse effects such as urinary and fecal incontinence, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Post-surgery incontinence is a significant concern, with prevalence rates ranging from 25 to 45% for urinary incontinence and 9–68% for fecal incontinence. Cancer survivors are increasingly turning to YouTube as a platform to connect with others, yet caution is warranted as misinformation is prevalent.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to evaluate the information quality in YouTube videos about post-surgical incontinence after pelvic area cancer surgery.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A YouTube search for \"<em>Incontinence after cancer surgery</em>\" yielded 108 videos, which were subsequently analyzed. To evaluate these videos, several quality assessment tools were utilized, including DISCERN, GQS, JAMA, PEMAT, and MQ-VET. Statistical analyses, such as descriptive statistics and intercorrelation tests, were employed to assess various video attributes, including characteristics, popularity, educational value, quality, and reliability. Also, artificial intelligence techniques like PCA, t-SNE, and UMAP were used for data analysis. HeatMap and Hierarchical Clustering Dendrogram techniques validated the Machine Learning results.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The quality scales presented a high level of correlation one with each other (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and the Artificial Intelligence-based techniques presented clear clustering representations of the dataset samples, which were reinforced by the Heat Map and Hierarchical Clustering Dendrogram.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>YouTube videos on \"<em>Incontinence after Cancer Surgery</em>\" present a \"<em>High</em>\" quality across multiple scales. The use of AI tools, like PCA, t-SNE, and UMAP, is highlighted for clustering large health datasets, improving data visualization, pattern recognition, and complex healthcare analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101677"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827324000788/pdfft?md5=887685caf3578fea52fd95dedb4380e9&pid=1-s2.0-S2352827324000788-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140906728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of lifestyles and multimorbidity with mortality among individuals aged 60 years or older: Two prospective cohort studies","authors":"Jianfeng Zhong ,&nbsp;Lianhong Chen ,&nbsp;Chengping Li ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Yingying Niu ,&nbsp;Xuerui Bai ,&nbsp;Huiyan Wen ,&nbsp;Zhiquan Diao ,&nbsp;Haoyu Yan ,&nbsp;Miao Xu ,&nbsp;Wenqi Huang ,&nbsp;Zhitong Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Liang ,&nbsp;Dan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lifestyles are associated with all-cause mortality, yet limited research has explored the association in the elderly population with multimorbidity. We aim to investigate the impact of adopting a healthy lifestyle on reducing the risk of all-cause mortality in older individuals with or without multimorbidity in both China and UK. This prospective study included 29,451 and 173,503 older adults aged 60 and over from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and UK Biobank. Lifestyles and multimorbidity were categorized into three groups, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the Hazard Ratios (HRs), 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and dose-response for all-cause mortality in relation to lifestyles and multimorbidity, as well as the combination of both factors. During a mean follow-up period of 4.7 years in CLHLS and 12.14 years in UK Biobank, we observed 21,540 and 20,720 deaths, respectively. For participants with two or more conditions, compared to those with an unhealthy lifestyle, adopting a healthy lifestyle was associated with a 27%–41% and 22%–42% reduction in mortality risk in the CLHLS and UK Biobank, respectively; Similarly, for individuals without multimorbidity, this reduction ranged from 18% to 41%. Among participants with multimorbidity, individuals with an unhealthy lifestyle had a higher mortality risk compared to those maintaining a healthy lifestyle, with HRs of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.32) and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.39) for two conditions, and 1.24 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.45) and 1.73 (95% CI: 1.56, 1.91) for three or more conditions in CLHLS and UK Biobank, respectively. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle can yield comparable mortality benefits for older individuals, regardless of their multimorbidity status. Furthermore, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can alleviate the mortality risks linked to a higher number of diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101673"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827324000740/pdfft?md5=2b22795d4ad4d788acac97218d7555ec&pid=1-s2.0-S2352827324000740-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethno-racial differences in anxiety and depression impairment among emerging adults in higher education","authors":"Hans Oh ,&nbsp;Trevor A. Pickering ,&nbsp;Connor Martz ,&nbsp;Karen D. Lincoln ,&nbsp;Joshua Breslau ,&nbsp;David Chae","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Despite having higher exposure to stressors, many ethno-racial groups report similar or lower prevalence of clinical depression and anxiety compared to their White counterparts, despite experiencing greater psychosocial risk factors for poor mental health outcomes, thus presenting an epidemiological paradox. Ethno-racial differences in impairment, a diagnostic criterion, may in part explain this paradox.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed data from the Healthy Minds Study (2020–2021) and using survey-weighted linear mixed effects models, we tested whether there were ethno-racial differences in impairment across multiple ethno-racial groups at various levels of severity for anxiety and depression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Black students reported lower mean impairment scores relative to White students at moderate and severe anxiety. Hispanic/Latine students only reported lower impairment relative to White students at severe anxiety. Asian students reported relatively lower mean impairment than White students at mild anxiety, and this difference continued to grow as anxiety severity increased. Similar trends were observed for depression. Black and Hispanic/Latino students reported lower mean impairment scores at moderate to severe depression. Asian students reported lower mean impairment scores beginning at mild depression to severe depression.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Self-reported anxiety and depression related impairment varies by ethno-racial group, with Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and Asian students reporting lower impairment compared to White students at higher levels of symptom severity. These findings open the possibility that racial differences in the impairment criterion of clinical diagnoses may explain some of the racial paradox.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101678"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235282732400079X/pdfft?md5=2ff3b7e269ab1c4dbb344da4bd1e8b97&pid=1-s2.0-S235282732400079X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140821987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The legacy of immigration policies and employment exclusion: Assessing the relationship between employment exclusions and immigrant health","authors":"Kevin F. Lee ,&nbsp;Michelle K. Nakphong ,&nbsp;Maria-Elena De Trinidad Young","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Restrictive federal and state immigration policies create conditions of employment exclusion that may negatively influence the health of immigrants. In particular, these policy effects are reflected in labor market and workplace experiences that determine the types of work and employment opportunities that immigrants are able to access and pursue. This study examines the relationship between both cumulative and individual measures of employment exclusion and self-rated health and psychological distress among Asian and Latino immigrants in California, and whether this relationship is modified by legal status. We used data from the Research on Immigrant Health and State Policy (RIGHTS) study (n = 2010). We used both multivariable logistic regression and linear regression models for our analyses. For cumulative models, <em>labor market exclusion</em> was associated with poor health (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.46). <em>Workplace exclusion</em> was also associated with poor self-rated health (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.82) and increased psychological distress (β = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.31, 1.07). For individual measures of employment exclusion, settling for a job – a labor market exclusion – and working in a dangerous job and experiencing wage theft – workplace exclusions – were associated with poor health and increased psychological distress. There was no evidence that the association between employment exclusions and health varied by legal status. These findings demonstrate that the combined effect of employment exclusions is detrimental to immigrant health. To improve population health, public health researchers should continue to interrogate the policy conditions at the federal, state, and local level that exclude immigrants from employment opportunities and workplace protections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101676"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827324000776/pdfft?md5=073e87bbb1d6917aaa3e5cf573fbb0e3&pid=1-s2.0-S2352827324000776-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140776764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and structural factors affecting health equity in the United States at the local level, 1990–2019","authors":"Nathaniel W. Anderson ,&nbsp;Frederick J. Zimmerman","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Health equity is fundamental to improving the health of populations, but in recent decades progress towards this goal has been mixed. To better support this mission, a deeper understanding of the local heterogeneity within population-level health equity is vital. This analysis presents trends in average health and health equity in the United States at the local level from 1990 to 2019 using three different health outcomes: mortality, self-reported health status, and healthy days. Furthermore, it examines the association between these measures of average health and health equity with several structural factors. Results indicate growing levels of geographic inequality disproportionately impacting less urbanized parts of the country, with rural counties experiencing the largest declines in health equity, followed by Medium and Small Metropolitan counties. Additionally, lower levels of health equity are associated with poorer local socioeconomic context, including several measures that are proxies for structural racism. Altogether, these findings strongly suggest social and economic factors play a pivotal role in explaining growing levels of geographic health inequality in the United States. Policymakers invested in improving health equity must adopt holistic and upstream approaches to improve and equalize economic opportunity as a means of fostering health equity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101675"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827324000764/pdfft?md5=5a0604abf8829e6e13481f072a61a650&pid=1-s2.0-S2352827324000764-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gradients in low birthweight by maternal education: A comparative perspective","authors":"Lidia Panico ,&nbsp;Alice Goisis ,&nbsp;Melissa Martinson","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Longstanding research has shown strong inequalities in low birthweight by household income. However, most such research has focused on Anglophone countries, while evidence emerging from other developed countries suggest a stronger role of education rather than incomes in creating inequalities at birth. This paper compares gradients in low birthweight by maternal education, as well as explores underlying mechanisms contributing to these gradients, in France, the United States, and the United Kingdom.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Analyses are based on harmonized data from large, nationally-representative samples from France, UK and US. We use regression models and decomposition methods to explore the relative role of several possible mechanisms in producing birthweight inequalities.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Inequalities in low birth weight across maternal education groups were relatively similar in the United States, the United Kingdom and France. However, the individual-level mechanisms producing such inequalities varied substantially across the three countries, with income being most important in the US, pregnancy smoking being most evident in France, and the UK occupying an intermediate position. Differences in the mechanisms producing birth health inequalities mirror differences in the policy environment in the three countries.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>While inequalities in health appear from the earliest moments in many countries, our results suggest research on birth health inequalities, and therefore policies, is not easily generalizable across national contexts, and call for more scholarship in uncovering the “whys” of health inequalities in a variety of contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101674"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827324000752/pdfft?md5=6a39efad0600f98582f60ddd9bfb79e5&pid=1-s2.0-S2352827324000752-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140768476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic influence of maternal education on height among Chinese children aged 0–18 years","authors":"Ruixue Cao ,&nbsp;Wenjing Ye ,&nbsp;Jinrong Liu ,&nbsp;Lili Chen ,&nbsp;Zhe Li ,&nbsp;Hanshu Ji ,&nbsp;Nianjiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Qin Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenshuang Sun ,&nbsp;Chao Ni ,&nbsp;Linwei Shi ,&nbsp;Yonghai Zhou ,&nbsp;Yili Wu ,&nbsp;Weihong Song ,&nbsp;Peining Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Maternal education is one of key factors affecting nurturing environment which significantly impacts children's height levels throughout their developmental stages. However, the influence of maternal education on children’s height is less studied. This study aims to investigate the dynamic influence of maternal education on children's height among Chinese children aged 0-18 years.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Children undergoing health examinations from January 2021 to September 2023 were included in this study. Clinical information including height, weight, maternal pregnancy history, blood specimens for bone metabolism-related indicators and maternal education level was collected. Children's height was categorized into 14 groups based on age and gender percentiles, following WHO 2006 growth standards. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression, chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were applied for data analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 6269 samples were collected, including 3654 males and 2615 females, with an average age of 8.38 (3.97) for males and 7.89 (3.55) for females. Significant correlations between maternal education level, birth weight, birth order, weight percentile, vitamin D, serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase levels, and children's height were identified. Birth weight's influence on height varied across age groups. Compared with normal birth weight children, low birth weight children exhibited catch-up growth within the first 6 years and a subsequent gradual widening of the height gap from 6 to 18 years old. Remarkably, the impact of maternal education on height became more pronounced among children above 3–6 years old, which can mitigate the effect of low birth weight on height.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We found that weight percentile, birth weight, birth order, bone marker levels, and maternal education level have significant effect on height. Maternal education attenuates the impact of low birth weight on height. The findings indicated that maternal education plays a consistent and critical role in promoting robust and healthy growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827324000739/pdfft?md5=42b7607f52dee7aa53c1a6b65d48df74&pid=1-s2.0-S2352827324000739-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140646969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood built environment, obesity, and diabetes: A Utah siblings study","authors":"Quynh C. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Tolga Tasdizen ,&nbsp;Mitra Alirezaei ,&nbsp;Heran Mane ,&nbsp;Xiaohe Yue ,&nbsp;Junaid S. Merchant ,&nbsp;Weijun Yu ,&nbsp;Laura Drew ,&nbsp;Dapeng Li ,&nbsp;Thu T. Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study utilizes innovative computer vision methods alongside Google Street View images to characterize neighborhood built environments across Utah.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Convolutional Neural Networks were used to create indicators of street greenness, crosswalks, and building type on 1.4 million Google Street View images. The demographic and medical profiles of Utah residents came from the Utah Population Database (UPDB). We implemented hierarchical linear models with individuals nested within zip codes to estimate associations between neighborhood built environment features and individual-level obesity and diabetes, controlling for individual- and zip code-level characteristics (n = 1,899,175 adults living in Utah in 2015). Sibling random effects models were implemented to account for shared family attributes among siblings (n = 972,150) and twins (n = 14,122).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Consistent with prior neighborhood research, the variance partition coefficients (VPC) of our unadjusted models nesting individuals within zip codes were relatively small (0.5%–5.3%), except for HbA1c (VPC = 23%), suggesting a small percentage of the outcome variance is at the zip code-level. However, proportional change in variance (PCV) attributable to zip codes after the inclusion of neighborhood built environment variables and covariates ranged between 11% and 67%, suggesting that these characteristics account for a substantial portion of the zip code-level effects. Non-single-family homes (indicator of mixed land use), sidewalks (indicator of walkability), and green streets (indicator of neighborhood aesthetics) were associated with reduced diabetes and obesity. Zip codes in the third tertile for non-single-family homes were associated with a 15% reduction (PR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.91) in obesity and a 20% reduction (PR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.91) in diabetes. This tertile was also associated with a BMI reduction of −0.68 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.95, −0.40)</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We observe associations between neighborhood characteristics and chronic diseases, accounting for biological, social, and cultural factors shared among siblings in this large population-based study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101670"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827324000715/pdfft?md5=b53c4cfc67bb3a1142916a51d3136a4b&pid=1-s2.0-S2352827324000715-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of antiretroviral treatment and child-focused unconditional cash transfers on child mortality","authors":"Mashudu Lucas Bidzha,&nbsp;Nicholas Ngepah,&nbsp;Talita Greyling","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although there is sufficient evidence in the epidemiological literature that antiretroviral treatment (ART) reduces child mortality, there is limited evidence of its effect in the socio-economic determinants of child mortality literature. Furthermore, evidence on the effect of child focused unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) on child mortality is limited, especially in the African context. Using South Africa's provincial level data over the period 2001 to 2019, we evaluate the effect of ART and child focused UCTs on child mortality. We use the two-stage instrumental variable mean group estimator. We find that ART reduces child mortality. Moreover, we find an inverted U-shaped non-linear relationship between UCTs and child mortality that is contingent to the level of cash transfer coverage. Our analyses also reveal that UCTs improve the effect of ART on child mortality by enhancing access and adherence to treatment. While the focus of our analyses was on the child mortality effects of ART and UCTs, our findings reaffirm the well-documented impacts of factors such as public health expenditure, HIV/AIDS, female education, and health worker density on child mortality. Collectively, the combination of high ART and UCTs coverage, increased public health expenditure, enhanced female education, and improved health worker density, represents value for money for policymakers and funders. These areas should be prioritised to improve child well-being.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101671"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827324000727/pdfft?md5=abd81c83fcee777a0eaac516e265f79e&pid=1-s2.0-S2352827324000727-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140606676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the dynamics of mental health inequalities in England: A 12-year nationwide longitudinal spatial analysis of recorded depression prevalence","authors":"Dialechti Tsimpida ,&nbsp;Anastasia Tsakiridi ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Daras ,&nbsp;Rhiannon Corcoran ,&nbsp;Mark Gabbay","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Depression is one of the most significant public health issues, but evidence of geographic patterns and trends of depression is limited. We aimed to examine the spatio-temporal patterns and trends of depression prevalence among adults in a nationwide longitudinal spatial study in England and evaluate the influence of neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation in explaining patterns.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Information on recorded depression prevalence was obtained from the indicator Quality and Outcomes Framework: Depression prevalence that measured the annual percentage of adults diagnosed with depression for Lower Super Output Areas (LSOA) from 2011 to 2022. We applied Cluster and Outlier Analysis using the Local Moran’s I algorithm. Local effects of deprivation on depression in 2020 examined with Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Inequalities in recorded prevalence were presented using Prevalence Rate Ratios (PRR).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The North West Region of England had the highest concentration of High-High clusters of depression, with 17.4% of the area having high values surrounded by high values in both space and time and the greatest percentage of areas with a high rate of increase (43.1%). Inequalities widened among areas with a high rate of increase in prevalence compared to those with a lower rate of increase, with the PRR increasing from 1.66 (99% CI 1.61–1.70) in 2011 to 1.81 (99% CI 1.76–1.85) by 2022. Deprivation explained 3%–39% of the variance in depression in 2020 across the country.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>It is crucial to monitor depression's spatial patterns and trends and investigate mechanisms of mental health inequalities. Our findings can help identify priority areas and target prevention and intervention strategies in England. Evaluating mental health interventions in different geographic contexts can provide valuable insights to policymakers on the most effective and context-sensitive strategies, enabling them to allocate resources towards preventing the worsening of mental health inequalities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101669"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827324000703/pdfft?md5=98ec94353f2320d1d985476abdd18089&pid=1-s2.0-S2352827324000703-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140646970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}