Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory最新文献_第5页

The Social Life of Palimpsests: Skill, Bifacial Stone Knapping, and Differentiation in the Plowed Fields of La Martre 重写本的社会生活：拉玛尔特犁地里的技巧、两面石和分化

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-023-09629-2

Manek Kolhatkar

{"title":"The Social Life of Palimpsests: Skill, Bifacial Stone Knapping, and Differentiation in the Plowed Fields of La Martre","authors":"Manek Kolhatkar","doi":"10.1007/s10816-023-09629-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-023-09629-2","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological palimpsests are depositional units where the remains of various human occupations have been mixed for hundreds to hundreds of thousands of years. They create various sets of analytical scales that archaeologists must deal with routinely. In this paper, I argue that sociocultural processes derived from a communities of practice framework — scaffolding, guided participation, and continuity through shared activities — can be used by archaeologists to describe a palimpsest’s lithic assemblage, to differentiate its patterns, and to interpret their meaning. These processes must first be remapped onto an ecological approach to skill before they can be expanded onto new sets of scales, however. I ground my work at the site of La Martre (Quebec, Canada), a nexus of fifteen marine terraces spread over 500,000 m2. Slow depositional processes and plowing have mixed its lithic remains to create a 10,000-year-wide depositional unit with poor chronological and spatial control. Fieldwork conducted between 1995 and 1999 sampled 0.03% of its total surface. Most of its 2111 tools and 207,506 flakes were uncovered in its 40-cm-thick plowzone. I build methodological tools — dispersion surfaces, skill combinatorics, and extended skilled reduction sequences — to describe a small subset (N=93) from one of La Martre’s loci (16-west). I describe ten extended skilled reduction sequences showing various degrees of skill and knapping methods. Concepts of scaffolding, guided participation and continuity through shared activities are then used to interpret these patterns.","PeriodicalId":47725,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory","volume":"74 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71435883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘A Complex Past’: Theory and Applications “复杂的过去”:理论与应用

1区历史学

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-023-09630-9

Jan-Eric Schlicht, Aleksandr Diachenko

引用次数: 0

Culture and Evolvability: a Brief Archaeological Perspective 文化与演化:一个简短的考古学视角

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-023-09624-7

Michael J. O’Brien, Kevin N. Lala

引用次数: 2

Where the Grass is Greener — Large-Scale Phenological Patterns and Their Explanatory Potential for the Distribution of Paleolithic Hunter-Gatherers in Europe 哪里的草更绿——大尺度物候模式及其对旧石器时代欧洲狩猎采集者分布的解释潜力

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-023-09628-3

Andreas Maier, Louise Tharandt, Florian Linsel, Vladislav Krakov, Patrick Ludwig

{"title":"Where the Grass is Greener — Large-Scale Phenological Patterns and Their Explanatory Potential for the Distribution of Paleolithic Hunter-Gatherers in Europe","authors":"Andreas Maier, Louise Tharandt, Florian Linsel, Vladislav Krakov, Patrick Ludwig","doi":"10.1007/s10816-023-09628-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-023-09628-3","url":null,"abstract":"A unique property of the Paleolithic record is the possibility to observe human societies in large areas and over long periods of time. At these large spatial and temporal scales, a number of interesting phenomena can be observed, such as dynamics in the distribution of populations in relation to equally large-scale environmental patterns. In this paper, we focus on phenological patterns of vegetation and discuss their explanatory potential for differences in site densities in different periods and parts of Europe. In particular, we present a case-transferable approach to diachronically estimate the timing of the vegetation period and resulting phenological gradients. We discuss results for two complementary case studies. First, we look at the Aurignacian in Western and Central Europe, a period of dynamic population dispersal in a topographically heterogeneous region. Second, we focus on the Middle and Late Upper Paleolithic in the East European Plain, a period after the arrival of anatomically modern humans in a topographically rather uniform area. We visualize phenological trajectories and boundaries otherwise invisible in the archaeological record with certain explanatory potential for the observed archaeological patterns. Importantly, we do not intend to reconstruct specific plant communities or dispersal routes of animals or humans. Rather, we aim at highlighting gradients which in themselves and on small temporal scales might be comparatively weak, but over the course of millennia may potentially influence the distribution of animal biomass and human populations by biasing the aggregate of at times opposing actions of individuals towards particular directions.","PeriodicalId":47725,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying Spatial Complexity of Settlement Plans Through Fractal Analysis 用分形分析量化聚落规划的空间复杂性

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-023-09626-5

Hallvard Bruvoll

{"title":"Quantifying Spatial Complexity of Settlement Plans Through Fractal Analysis","authors":"Hallvard Bruvoll","doi":"10.1007/s10816-023-09626-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-023-09626-5","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I investigate the possibilities and limitations of fractal analysis methods applied to archaeological and synthetic settlement plans, with the goal of providing quantitative measures of spatial randomness or noise, as well as potential tools for automated culture-historical attribution of settlement plans and socio-economic intra-site differentiation. The archaeological sample is made from Linear Pottery settlements in south-west Slovakia and Trypillia settlements in the Southern Bug—Dnieper interfluve in central Ukraine, all based upon high-quality geomagnetic site plans. Synthetic plans are constructed as geometrically ideal versions of the archaeological ones, with varying degrees of added spatial noise. A significant correlation between fractal dimension and noise level is revealed for synthetic settlement plans, independently of size, density, house-size distribution and basic layout. However, several methodological challenges persist, and further systematic exploration on larger samples is needed before these results may be generalised. All analysis is performed in the R language and the script is made freely available in order to facilitate further development.","PeriodicalId":47725,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Convergent Evolution of Prehistoric Technologies: the Entropy and Diversity of Limited Solutions 史前技术的收敛演化:有限解的熵和多样性

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-023-09623-8

Aleksandr Diachenko, Ray John Rivers, Iwona Sobkowiak-Tabaka

{"title":"Convergent Evolution of Prehistoric Technologies: the Entropy and Diversity of Limited Solutions","authors":"Aleksandr Diachenko, Ray John Rivers, Iwona Sobkowiak-Tabaka","doi":"10.1007/s10816-023-09623-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-023-09623-8","url":null,"abstract":"Linking the likelihood of convergent evolution to the technologies’ complexity, this paper identifies the scales of technological diffusion and convergence, i.e., the evolving of structures that are similar, but not related to a common “ancestor.” Our study provides quantitative measures for understanding complexity and connectivity in technologies. The utility of our approach is exemplified through the case study of Cucuteni-Tripolye pottery kilns in Chalcolithic Southeastern Europe. The analysis shows that technological evolution has to be scaled to the “technologically important” (in quantitative terms) component parts, whose introduction shapes a ground for extinction and self-evolvement caused by the cascade effects along technological design structure. Similar technological solutions to the technological design structure engender the spread of similar devices in various locations. Surprisingly, such a broad distribution may be the result of relatively low internal diversity, rather than arising from higher efficiency. This gives some reasons for the underestimation of convergence as a mechanism for evolution of technology in current prehistoric archaeology.","PeriodicalId":47725,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Linking Up Bell Beakers in the Iberian Peninsula 连接伊比利亚半岛的Bell Beakers

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-023-09625-6

Joaquín Jiménez-Puerto, Joan Bernabeu Aubán

引用次数: 1

Shell Tools and Use-Wear Analysis: a Reference Collection for Prehistoric Arabia 贝壳工具和使用磨损分析:史前阿拉伯的参考收藏

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-023-09622-9

Kevin Lidour, David Cuenca Solana

{"title":"Shell Tools and Use-Wear Analysis: a Reference Collection for Prehistoric Arabia","authors":"Kevin Lidour, David Cuenca Solana","doi":"10.1007/s10816-023-09622-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-023-09622-9","url":null,"abstract":"Prehistoric and Archaeological research has pointed out the role of marine resources in modern humans’ cognitive and cultural developments. Maritime adaptations constitute a key component of the sociocultural evolution in Eastern Arabia. During the Neolithic (c. 6500–3300 BCE), it is expressed by the colonisation of offshore islands supported by advanced seafaring and the exploitation of marine resources not only for staple food but also for obtaining hard animal materials used for both symbolic and technological productions, respectively in the form of personal adornments and tooling. Although tools made of retouched large marine mollusc shells are reported on several sites, no detailed study has been conducted on their function and role within the socio-technological processes.The present study introduces a prospective approach for the functional analysis of archaeological shell tools from Eastern Arabia. A reference collection of use-wear traces made experimentally has been built: it compiles the results of 65 experiments (23 are documented and illustrated in the present study), including the processing of various animal, vegetal, and mineral materials. Use-wear traces have been observed and described using both low and high-power magnifications (conducted mainly at 100 ×). It provides helpful methodological support for future comparisons with archaeological specimens. The procurement conditions of the shell valves and the techniques of retouch have been discussed in detail, allowing further considerations on the degree of the socio-technological investment devoted to these peculiar artefacts.","PeriodicalId":47725,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory","volume":"34 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explaining Known Past Routes, Underdetermination, and the Use of Multiple Cost Functions 解释已知的过去路线、确定不足和多重成本函数的使用

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-023-09621-w

Joseph Lewis

{"title":"Explaining Known Past Routes, Underdetermination, and the Use of Multiple Cost Functions","authors":"Joseph Lewis","doi":"10.1007/s10816-023-09621-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-023-09621-w","url":null,"abstract":"Explaining material traces of movement as proxies for past movement is fundamental for understanding the processes behind why people in the past traversed the landscape in the way that they did. For this, least-cost path analysis and the use of slope-based cost functions for estimating the cost of movement when walking have become commonplace. Despite their prevalence, current approaches misrepresent what these cost functions are, their relationship to the hypotheses that they aim to represent, and their role in explanation. As a result, least-cost paths calculated using single cost functions are liable to spurious results with limited power for explaining known past routes, and by extension the decision-making processes of past people. Using the ideas of multiple model idealisation and robustness analysis, and applied via a tactical simulation, this study demonstrates that similar least-cost paths can be produced from slope-based cost functions representing both the same hypothesis and different hypotheses, suggesting that least-cost path results are robust but underdetermined under the tested environmental settings. The results from this tactical simulation are applied for the explanation of a Roman road in Sardinia. Using probabilistic least-cost paths as an approach for incorporating multiple cost functions representing the same hypothesis and error in the digital elevation model, it is shown that both model outcomes representing the minimisation of time and energy are unable to explain the placement of the Roman road. Rather, it is suggested that the Roman road was influenced by pre-existing routes and settlements.","PeriodicalId":47725,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory","volume":"90 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71435523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feasting at a World Center Shrine: Paleoethnobotanical and Micromorphological Investigations of a Woodhenge Earth Oven 世界中心神殿的盛宴:古民族植物学和木阵土炉的微观形态学研究

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-023-09620-x

Andrew W. Weiland, Laura J. Crawford, Bret J. Ruby, Matthew P. Purtill

{"title":"Feasting at a World Center Shrine: Paleoethnobotanical and Micromorphological Investigations of a Woodhenge Earth Oven","authors":"Andrew W. Weiland, Laura J. Crawford, Bret J. Ruby, Matthew P. Purtill","doi":"10.1007/s10816-023-09620-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-023-09620-x","url":null,"abstract":"Earth ovens are a ubiquitous feature of eastern North America, used throughout many cultures and periods, leaving a highly visible signature of habitational life. This study focusses on one of the four uniquely outsized earth ovens from the center of a woodhenge at Hopewell Mound Group, the type site of the Hopewell culture. Cleaned of artifacts and fire-cracked rock, this feature required specialized analysis to shed light on its function: macrobotanical methods of seed identification and wood charcoal analysis along with phytolith and soil micromorphological analysis. These analyses create a holistic picture of the earth oven, the woodhenge, and the nature of feasting and ritual at Hopewell Mound Group, along with a snapshot of the paleoenvironment. Results show ritual use of ash wood (Fraxinus sp.), Eastern Agricultural Complex seeds seasonally timed with a summer solstice ritual, and grass leaf phytoliths deposited deeper than the surrounding natural strata. Feasting at this site seems to be focused on feeding large numbers of people, as opposed to a small set of competitive elites.","PeriodicalId":47725,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory","volume":"34 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0