Noor de Waal, Marion I van den Heuvel, Ivan Nyklíček, Victor J M Pop, Myrthe G B M Boekhorst
{"title":"Paternal bonding in pregnancy and early parenthood: a qualitative study in first-time fathers.","authors":"Noor de Waal, Marion I van den Heuvel, Ivan Nyklíček, Victor J M Pop, Myrthe G B M Boekhorst","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2252890","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2252890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The birth of an infant marks a period of profound change in first-time parents. Parental love and warmth, however, already begin to develop during pregnancy. Also for fathers, the development of bonding to the infant may be a unique process. The current qualitative study aimed to explore views and experiences of first-time fathers on the origins and development of paternal bonding during pregnancy and early childhood. In total, 30 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with expectant fathers (second or third trimester of pregnancy; <i>n</i> = 10) and fathers of infants (0-6 months postpartum; <i>n</i> = 11) and toddlers (2-3 years of age; <i>n</i> = 9). Two major themes were uncovered from the data: feelings of bonding and facilitators of bonding. The first theme was supported with three subthemes: 1) from abstract to concrete, 2) positive emotions, and 3) uncertainties and worries. The second theme, facilitators of bonding, was supported with four subthemes: 1) experiencing the foetus, 2) meeting the child, 3) interaction, and 4) communication. Similar to previous studies, our results suggested that, in most fathers, paternal bonding originates in pregnancy and that it evolves over time. Seeing or feeling the child, both during pregnancy and postpartum, as well as interacting or communicating with the child, appears to facilitate fathers' feelings of bonding. Involving fathers in pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting may be essential for their bonding process.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"665-680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10122658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Megan F Lee, Kathryn Bolton, Julian Madsen, Karena J Burke
{"title":"A systematic review of influences and outcomes of body image in postpartum via a socioecological framework.","authors":"Megan F Lee, Kathryn Bolton, Julian Madsen, Karena J Burke","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2252453","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2252453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women in the postpartum period come under multi-level pressure to return to pre-pregnancy body shape and size. This pressure can lead to reduced body image satisfaction, self-esteem, and mood. In this systematic review we explored the influences and outcomes of body dissatisfaction during the postpartum period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four databases were searched using keywords: postpart* OR postnatal OR peripart* OR 'new mother' OR 'breast feed*' AND 'body image' OR 'body dissatisf*' OR 'body satisf*' OR 'body attitude' OR 'body shape'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The influences and outcomes of body image dis/satisfaction in the postpartum period from 55 international studies were found to align within four of the five factors of the socioecological model. Intrapersonal factors: weight and body shape concerns, mental health and stressors, attitudes and behaviours, and protective coping skills and interventions. Interpersonal factors: social support (partner, family, and friends) and sexual functioning. Institutional factors: experiences with the healthcare system and returning to work. Societal factors: culture and ethnicity, media influences and social norms such as the thin ideal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A focus on intrapersonal factors alone is insufficient to understand women's experiences of body dis/satisfaction during the postpartum period. This suggests a need for better education and policy practices in pre-natal and postpartum care directed at body image and education to dispel societal norms such as the thin ideal. Doing so shifts the focus to include interpersonal, institutional, and societal influences alongside intrapersonal experiences. Research is needed to explore the utility and efficacy of broader approaches for women during this vulnerable life period.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"789-826"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10186168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristiina Uriko, Andri Christoforou, Emma Motrico, Patricia Moreno-Peral, Burcu Kömürcü Akik, Maja Žutić, Mijke P Lambregtse-van den Berg
{"title":"Paternal peripartum depression: emerging issues and questions on prevention, diagnosis and treatment. A consensus report from the cost action Riseup-PPD.","authors":"Kristiina Uriko, Andri Christoforou, Emma Motrico, Patricia Moreno-Peral, Burcu Kömürcü Akik, Maja Žutić, Mijke P Lambregtse-van den Berg","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2266470","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2266470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Paternal peripartum depression (P-PPD) is a serious and understudied public health problem associated with impaired family functioning and child development. The lack of recognition of P-PPD may result in limited access to both information and professional help.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to review studies on paternal peripartum depression and to identify issues and questions where future research and theory formation are needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search for systematic reviews, meta-analyses and primary studies was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Medline, PsychInfo and Informit databases. Key results within the retrieved articles were summarised and integrated to address the review objectives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the literature, the knowledge related to prevalence, screening, risk factorsunique to fathers, management strategies and outcomes of P-PPD is lacking. Currently, there is no consensual understanding of the definition of P-PPD and recommendations for dealing with P-PPD. Limited data were available regarding the barriers preventing fathers from accessing support systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emerging issues that need to be addressed in future research include: P-PPD definition and pathogenetic pathways; prevention strategies and assessment tools; self-help seeking and engagement with interventions; the cost-effectiveness of P-PPD management; needs of health professionals; effect on child development, and public awareness. Future studies and clinical practice should account the complexities that may arise from the father's perceptions of health care services. Results from this review highlights the critical issues on how to plan, provide and resource health services, to meet the health needs of fathers.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"646-664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fear of childbirth and its relationship with anxiety and depression among Iranian fathers: a descriptive study.","authors":"Fatemeh Rashidi, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Jamileh Malakouti","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2256785","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2256785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In addition to mothers, fathers may find the perinatal period difficult and complicated and experience a wide variety of emotions, such as fear, anxiety and depression. These emotional changes can adversely affect a father's relationships with his infant and wife. This descriptive study aims to investigate the fear of childbirth in fathers during pregnancy and explore its relationship with anxiety and depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 302 husbands of pregnant women participated in this descriptive study through the cluster random sampling method. The data collection tools were the sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics questionnaire, Paternal Fear of Childbirth Scale, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (±SD) of paternal fear of childbirth score was 48.39 (±14.10) within the possible 17-85 range. According to Pearson correlation test results, fear of childbirth had significant direct correlations with depression (<i>P</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = 0.47), state anxiety (<i>P</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = 0.60) and trait anxiety (<i>P</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = 0.51). The adjusted general linear model results indicated that an increase in fear of childbirth score significantly increased depression (β = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.22; <i>P</i> < 0.001), state anxiety (β = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.53; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and trait anxiety (β = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.42; <i>P</i> < 0.001) scores obtained from participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is recommended to develop comprehensive programmes to screen fathers for fear of childbirth and any other psychological problems, such as depression and anxiety, to implement appropriate preventive and therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"632-645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10234434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Butterworth, Ruth Butterworth, Gary Urquhart Law
{"title":"Birth trauma: the elephant in the nursery.","authors":"Sarah Butterworth, Ruth Butterworth, Gary Urquhart Law","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2264877","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2264877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Method: </strong>The current study used a multiperspectival (dyadic) IPA approach to interview eight participants (<i>N</i> = 4 heterosexual couples) where one parent was help-seeking for the experience of birth trauma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis resulted in four superordinate themes: (1) From perfect plan to shattered reality, (2) Trauma in the healthcare system, (3) Trauma in the family system and (4) The post-trauma family: Navigating the new normal.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Parents described a shared experience of birth trauma during birth. However, fathers' perceived trauma ended in the delivery room whilst mothers' continued far beyond this. The dyadic focus showed a divergence of experience postnatally: differing levels of awareness to distress existed between partners, mothers experienced bonding difficulties and parents took to separate coping mechanisms. The trauma remained invisible and unspoken as couples avoided discussions about the birth, coped silently and separately. The parents identity changed following the trauma as individuals, couples and as a family.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The time following a traumatic birth is experienced differently by mothers and fathers. Parents seldom discuss the trauma, hold differing perceptions of roles and needs, and struggle to support each postnatally. Clinical implications and recommendations are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"696-717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41178824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of fathers' birth attendance on paternal attachment and the perception of parental role: a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Betul Uncu, Dilan Cömert, Nurten Kaya","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2324042","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2324042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fathers' birth attendance is associated with support for mothers in infant care, positive child health outcomes, and parental well-being.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was conducted in a randomised controlled experimental design to investigate the effect of fathers' birth attendance on paternal-infant attachment and the perception of parental role.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Pregnant women during the childbirth process and their husbands were included in the study and were randomised according to fathers' birth attendance. The data were collected with the Information Form (IF), Paternal Antenatal Attachment Questionnaire (PAAQ), Self-Perception of Parental Role Scale (SPPRS), Postnatal Paternal-Infant Attachment Questionnaire (PPAQ), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The IF data were obtained from women before birth, and the EPDS data were obtained from women 15 days after birth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individual characteristics of mothers and fathers in the groups, and prenatal PAAQ and SPPRS scores of the fathers were similar (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In the postnatal period, a significant difference was found in favour of the intervention group in the PPAQ total (<i>p</i> < 0.01), Patience and Tolerance (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and Pleasure in Interaction (<i>p</i> < 0.01) sub-dimensions. The within-group variation of the SPPRS scores of fathers in the intervention and control groups was analysed. The postnatal Competence (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and Integration (<i>p</i> < 0.05) sub-dimension scores statistically significantly increased in both the intervention and control groups compared to the antenatal period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While husbands' accompanying their wives in the delivery room positively affects paternal-infant attachment, its effect on the perception of parental role is an issue that needs to be further investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"681-695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140029325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contribution of personal and community resources to personal growth of mothers from Israel and Turkey.","authors":"Bilgesu Kaçan-Bibican, Miriam Chasson, Orit Taubman-Ben-Ari","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2260831","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2260831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The transition to parenthood is considered one of the most important milestones in a person's life, bringing with it various changes and challenges. One possible outcome of such a life-altering and stressful event is the experience of personal growth (PG). This study examines the contribution of a mother's personal resources (emotion regulation strategies, resilience) and environmental resources (sense of community) to her PG following the transition to motherhood, taking into account the role played by ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data was collected from 402 Israeli Arab, Israeli Jewish, and Turkish first-time mothers of babies up to twenty-four months old.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that Israeli Arab mothers reported significantly higher expressive suppression and PG than the other two groups. In addition, Israeli Arab mothers scored significantly higher on resilience, and Israeli Jewish mothers scored significantly higher on sense of community, than Turkish mothers. After controlling for mother and baby background variables, cognitive reappraisal and sense of community were found to predict PG. Two interactions emerged: higher sense of community was related to greater PG only among Israeli Arab mothers; and a positive association between resilience and growth was found only among Israeli Jewish mothers. The results are discussed in relation to the literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Personal and environmental resources contribute differently to growth of first-time mothers in different cultures. Thus, rather than implementing the same type of intervention in all cultures, appropriate interventions should be tailored for each culture in accordance with its unique characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"753-773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41113620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael A Caparros-Gonzalez, Susan Ayers, Elif Aysimi Duman, Neville Calleja, Jean Calleja-Agius, Nicola Carone, Andri Christoforou, Pelin Dikmen-Yildiz, Sandra Garcia-Pintor, Antje Horsch, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Ester Leno-Duran, Fiona Lynn, Mirjam Oosterman, Lucija Prepušt, Maria F Rodriguez-Muñoz, Anna-Lena Zietlow, Maja Žutić, Susan Garthus-Niegel
{"title":"Maternal and infant (mental) health and development: our TREASURE - Introducing an EU COST Action on the impact of maternal perinatal stress.","authors":"Rafael A Caparros-Gonzalez, Susan Ayers, Elif Aysimi Duman, Neville Calleja, Jean Calleja-Agius, Nicola Carone, Andri Christoforou, Pelin Dikmen-Yildiz, Sandra Garcia-Pintor, Antje Horsch, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Ester Leno-Duran, Fiona Lynn, Mirjam Oosterman, Lucija Prepušt, Maria F Rodriguez-Muñoz, Anna-Lena Zietlow, Maja Žutić, Susan Garthus-Niegel","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2025.2492976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2025.2492976","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":"43 3","pages":"553-556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiago Miguel Pinto, Cristina Nogueira-Silva, Bárbara Figueiredo
{"title":"Fetal heart rate variability and infant self-regulation: the impact of mother's prenatal depressive symptoms.","authors":"Tiago Miguel Pinto, Cristina Nogueira-Silva, Bárbara Figueiredo","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2257730","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2257730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foetal heart rate (FHR) variability is considered a marker of foetal neurobehavioral development associated with infant self-regulation and thus may be an early precursor of the adverse impact of mother's prenatal depressive symptoms on infant self-regulation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study analysed the mediator role of FHR variability in the association between mother's prenatal depressive symptoms and infant self-regulation at three months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample comprised 86 first-born infants and their mothers. Mothers reported on depressive symptoms at the first trimester of pregnancy and on depressive symptoms and infant self-regulation at three months postpartum. FHR variability was recorded during routine cardiotocography at the third trimester of pregnancy. A mediation model was tested, adjusting for mother's postnatal depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher levels of mother's prenatal depressive symptoms were associated with both lower FHR variability and lower infant self-regulation at three months. FHR variability was associated with infant self-regulation and mediated the association between mother's prenatal depressive symptoms and infant self-regulation at three months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggested FHR variability as an early precursor of infant self-regulation that underlies the association between mother's prenatal depressive symptoms and infant self-regulation. Infants of mothers with higher levels of prenatal depressive symptoms could be at risk of self-regulation problems, partially due to their lower FHR variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"588-601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sophie Dallison, Caroline Jenkinson, Antoinette Davey, Heather O'Mahen
{"title":"Overcoming training bottlenecks: mixed-methods evaluation of digital training for non-specialists in postnatal depression self-help treatment.","authors":"Sophie Dallison, Caroline Jenkinson, Antoinette Davey, Heather O'Mahen","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2280714","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2023.2280714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This mixed-methods study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of an interactive digital training programme for non-specialist supporters providing a guided self-help intervention for postnatal depression (PND).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 49 non-specialist trainees participated. Six digital training modules were flexibly delivered over a 5-week period. Training included a chatroom, moderated by a supervised assistant psychologist. Quantitatively, feasibility was assessed via participation and retention levels; acceptability was examined using course evaluation questionnaires; and effectiveness was measured pre-test-post-test quantitatively using a self-report questionnaire and pre-post using scenario questions. Participant focus groups explored feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The training was feasible; 41 completed the course and 42 were assessed at follow-up. Quantitative course evaluation and thematic analysis of focus group feedback demonstrated high training acceptability. RANOVAs indicated training significantly improved knowledge and confidence pre- to post-test. There were demonstrable increases in specific skills at post-test as assessed via clinical scenarios.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This training is a feasible, acceptable and effective way to upskill non-specialists in supporting treatment for PND, however supervised practice is recommended to ensure participants embed knowledge competently into practice. The training offers an effective first step in upskilling non-specialist supporters to support women with PND treatment at scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"733-752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138177577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}