Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Sensory-processing sensitivity, parenting styles, and adult attachment patterns in parents of young children.","authors":"G Branjerdporn, K M Gillespie, M Green, J Strong, P Meredith","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2419381","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2419381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased sensitivity to internal and external stimuli, known as sensory-processing sensitivity (SPS), has been linked to attachment insecurity and less optimal parenting styles in parents of children aged 4-13 years. Associations between these parenting factors in parents of children aged 3 years and younger have not yet been investigated. Understanding the relationships between these factors will facilitate the development of strategies to better support highly sensitive parents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 153 parents of children aged 3 years and younger completed an online survey comprising standardised measures of SPS, attachment, and infant parenting styles. The underlying factor structure of the Infancy Parenting Styles Questionnaire was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Factor analysis identified 33 items loading onto five factors: Discipline, Routine, Anxiety, Nurturance, and Involvement, with moderate to high reliability. SPS was positively correlated with parenting anxiety, attachment anxiety, and attachment avoidance, but did not predict parenting style. Younger parent age was associate with more insecure attachment styles. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that variability in parenting anxiety was predicted only by attachment anxiety and having fewer children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While SPS was not seen to predict parenting anxiety, relationships between SPS, parenting anxiety, and insecure attachment suggest that strategies tailored to SPS would support highly sensitive parents to care for their children and promote improved parent-child relationships. These strategies may therefore be a beneficial addition to attachment-based parenting programs. Further studies using the Toddler Parenting Styles Questionnaire (TPSQ) are needed to identify optimal parenting styles for parents of infants and toddlers.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health of parents with infants in NICU receiving cooling therapy for hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.","authors":"Jenny Ingram, David Odd, Lucy Beasant, Ela Chakkarapani","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2423178","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2423178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parents cuddling their babies during intensive care to promote parent-infant bonding is usual practice in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). However, babies undergoing cooling therapy and intensive care are not routinely offered parent-infant cuddles due to concerns of impacting the cooling process or intensive care. We developed the CoolCuddle intervention to enable parents to cuddle babies safely during cooling therapy. We investigated whether CoolCuddle impacted parent-infant bonding and parent's mental health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted parental interviews and compared mental health and bonding measures in two cohorts of parents; one with access to CoolCuddle and the other where CoolCuddle was not available.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten tertiary NICUs in England and Wales from 2019 to 2023 were involved and 107 families. There were high levels of post-delivery depression amongst all parents. However, at discharge mothers in the CoolCuddle group had significantly less depression, lower EPDS scores, and higher MIBS scores (consistent with better mother-infant bonding) than those where CoolCuddle was not available. All measures appeared similar when re-measured at 8 weeks. Parents reported they were not ready to access psychological support or information whilst on NICU and stressed the need of mental health support following discharge, which was not offered or available.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CoolCuddle intervention was associated with a lower prevalence of depression and enhanced bonding scores for mothers at discharge compared to those who did not cuddle their babies. Parents highlighted increased levels of postnatal depression following the sudden and traumatic admission of their infant to NICU after birth asphyxia.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LBTQ parents' bonding experiences after complicated births: managing minority stress and traumatic experiences.","authors":"Anna Malmquist, Sofia Klittmark, Nathalie Lehnberg, Katri Nieminen, Hanna Grundström","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2424921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2024.2424921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Birth complications increase the risk of birth injuries and neonatal complications, as well as the risk of experiencing childbirth as a trauma. This, in turn, increases the risk of postpartum mental ill-health and may affect early bonding with the baby. Birth complications add additional stress on lesbian, bisexual, transgender and queer (LBTQ) parents, as they also must navigate hetero- and cisnormative assumptions, being subject to othering, and negative attitudes from healthcare staff.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore LBTQ parents' experiences of bonding with their child following a complicated birth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews with 22 birthing and non-birthing parents. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results describe obstructive and facilitating factors. Being traumatised was the main obstacle for mentally engaging with the baby. A focus on physical injuries and healing hindered caretaking and bonding for birthing parents. Stress related to their parental role was obstructive for some non-birthing parents, who struggled to find space to process their own experiences when the partner and/or child was not well. Other non-birthing parents experienced a head start in the bonding process when their partner was injured. Some birthing parents had positive bonding experiences despite the birth complications, as they felt an alliance with their child in the harsh situation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Complicated births and minority stressors can increase the risk of bonding difficulties and mental ill-health. Tailored, LBTQ-competent care is essential to support both birthing and non-birthing parents in overcoming these challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal loss: attachment, grief symptoms and women's quality of life.","authors":"Vismara Laura, Monica Ahmad, Serra Enrica, Sechi Cristina","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2419374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2024.2419374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/background: </strong>Perinatal loss may cause intense distress even psychiatric issues, affecting the woman's quality of life. Attachment may provide a useful perspective in understanding the outcomes of the mourning process. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate perinatal grief symptoms and the psychological and general quality of life among 137 Italian women (mean age 36,9. ± 6,88 years old) in relation to attachment, specifically measured through parental care and control.</p><p><strong>Design/methods: </strong>About 79.6% of the participants had miscarriages and 20.4% had stillbirths. About 45.3% were childless. The women completed the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Perinatal Grief Scale and the Psychosocial General Well-Being Index online most frequently between 3 and 6 months (56.2%) after the perinatal loss.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the study participants showed intense grief and severe grief reactions to loss. Moreover, women experiencing optimal bonding towards their own mothers had a more positive effect on perinatal grief and psychological and general quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Attachment-based, tailored interventions for women who have experienced perinatal loss should improve their psychological and overall quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A realist change model for community-based perinatal mental health peer support from peer volunteers.","authors":"Jenny McLeish, Christine McCourt, Susan Ayers","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2416448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2024.2416448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate what it is about community-based perinatal mental health peer support from trained volunteers that works, for whom, in what circumstances, in what respects, and why; and build a change model that includes positive and negative mechanisms and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Realist evaluation methods based on semi-structured interviews were used to create a change model for a third sector programme in England.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mothers who received peer support (<i>n</i> = 20), peer support volunteers (<i>n</i> = 27), and programme staff (<i>n</i> = 9) were interviewed. Positive impact on mothers was primarily based on feeling understood and accepted, social comparison (including normalisation, hope, and gaining perspective) and sharing non-directive information from experiential knowledge. Negative impact on mothers was based on negative social comparison, or absence of key peer support mechanisms. Mothers were affected in different ways, depending on individual contexts: their backgrounds, personalities, social situations, resources, experiences, beliefs, and needs. Some different mechanisms were present in one-to-one and group situations. All participants considered the benefits of peer support to greatly outweigh the risks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individual contextual factors affect the multiple mechanisms through which mental health peer support can improve mothers' emotional wellbeing and social participation. Peer support has potential risks as well as benefits, which can be mitigated. Programmes could use this understanding of how contexts and mechanisms interact to produce peer support outcomes to improve training for peer support volunteers and to design future evaluations that take into account diversity of peer support experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychologists' experiences of working with fear of childbirth: implications and advice for care providers.","authors":"Elisabet Rondung, Emma Lier, Elin Ternström","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2415106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2024.2415106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Fear of childbirth is a common problem that affects women's health and wellbeing. A variety of interventions have been used in research and clinical settings, but it remains unclear how interventions should be designed to be as effective and acceptable as possible. Additionally, the experiences of psychologists working to support women fearing childbirth are sparsely documented and therefore unavailable for researchers and clinicians. This qualitative study aimed to bridge this gap by exploring and describing the experiences of perinatal psychologists working clinically with women suffering from fear of childbirth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Focus group interviews with eleven psychologists, analysed with reflexive thematic analysis with an inductive and semantic approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified four main themes, with three to four subthemes each. It was described as essential to meet the woman where she stands: to listen, validate, explore, and tailor interventions. Depending on the needs of each woman, the psychologists had a smorgasbord of core interventions to offer. They also described how they could help the woman and her partner or support person to prepare for childbirth. Finally, they addressed the importance of multiprofessional engagement and cooperation. A list of recommendations based on the findings is presented.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings add to the existing literature on how to treat and support women with fear of childbirth and should be considered as one of many sources of information guiding the development of future interventions, care strategies, and clinical pathways for women fearing childbirth.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arabic validation of the parental stress scale (PSS) in a population-based sample of Lebanese parents.","authors":"Ali Hemade, Laureine El Hawat, Abdallah Chahine, Diana Malaeb, Sami El Khatib, Mariam Dabbous, Fouad Sakr, Sahar Obeid, Souheil Hallit, Feten Fekih-Romdhane","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2415069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2024.2415069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parental stress significantly impacts the well-being of families, and necessitates culturally sensitive tools for its assessment. The Parental Stress Scale, widely used in diverse cultural settings, lacks a validated Arabic version suitable for the Lebanese context, where unique sociopolitical and economic factors might influence parental stress differently. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the scale in Arabic among a Lebanese sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the Snowball sampling method, participants (<i>n</i> = 502) were adult Lebanese parents who answered demographic questions and completed the Arabic version of the Parental Stress Scale and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-8.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a two-factor model of the Parental Stress Scale (CFI = 0.956). We found adequate composite reliability for both the 'Parental Stress' (ω = 0.91/α = 0.91) and 'Parental satisfaction' (ω = 0.94/α = 0.94) subscales. Convergent validity and concurrent validity were demonstrated through positive correlations with measures of depression, anxiety and stress. Our translation of the scale was shown to be invariant across sexes, with fathers scoring significantly higher than mothers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our validated Arabic version of the Parental Stress Scale offers a culturally sensitive instrument for assessing parental stress in Lebanon. This tool enables healthcare providers and researchers to identify stressors affecting Lebanese families, facilitating the development of targeted interventions to support parental mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between dyadic coping, marital satisfaction, and prenatal depression symptoms among couples with gestational diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Rong-Rong Han, Ling-Ling Gao","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2411274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2024.2411274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/background: </strong>Coping with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presents significant challenges for pregnant women and their partners, which may result in elevated prenatal depression symptoms. However, research has predominantly centred on pregnant women with GDM, with little involvement of their partners. To understand their dyadic interactions, it is imperative to involve GDM couples in the study. This study aims to examine the interplay between dyadic coping and prenatal depression symptoms among GDM couples and to explore the possible mediating role of marital satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Design/method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangzhou, China. A total of 400 couples completed the Dyadic Coping Inventory, Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and sociodemographic data sheet. The actor-partner interdependence mediation model was utilised for dyadic data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 13.0% of pregnant women with GDM and 8.3% of partners experienced elevated prenatal depression symptoms. Dyadic coping was directly or indirectly related to their own and partners' prenatal depression symptoms in GDM couples, with marital satisfaction acting as a mediator. Specifically, positive dyadic coping was associated with lower prenatal depression symptoms, while negative dyadic coping exhibited an opposite relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of elevated prenatal depression symptoms was high in GDM couples. It is important to view pregnant women with GDM and their partners as a dyad of a transactional system in prenatal clinical care. Couple-centred interventions targeting to enhance positive dyadic coping and mitigate negative dyadic coping might be beneficial to prevent and alleviate prenatal depression symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Routine third-trimester ultrasonography and child neurodevelopmental outcomes: a follow-up of a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Jens Henrichs, Marielle van Roekel, Anke B Witteveen, Michael Veder, Yoni Feenstra, Arie Franx, Marlou L A de Kroon, Anneloes van Baar, Corine J Verhoeven, Ank de Jonge","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2409145","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2409145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/background: </strong>Routine third-trimester ultrasonography is increasingly conducted to screen for foetal growth restriction (FGR) and reduce adverse perinatal and child neurodevelopmental outcomes using timely obstetric management. While it did not reduce adverse perinatal outcomes in previous trials, evidence regarding its association with child neurodevelopmental outcome is absent. We examined whether routine third-trimester ultrasonography is positively associated with child developmental and behavioural/emotional outcomes compared to usual care.</p><p><strong>Design/methods: </strong>Dutch mothers with a low-risk pregnancy participating in a subsample (<i>n</i> = 1070) of a nationwide cluster-randomised trial reported infant (age 6 months) and toddler (age 28 months) developmental milestones (Ages and Stages Questionnaire) and toddlers' internalising and externalising problems (Child Behavior Checklist). Usual care (<i>n</i> = 380) comprised selective ultrasonography. The intervention strategy (<i>n</i> = 690) included two routine third-trimester ultrasounds next to usual care. Both strategies applied the same interdisciplinary protocol for FGR detection and management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adjusted linear mixed-level regressions revealed that routine third-trimester ultrasonography was positively but modestly related to z-standardised infant developmental milestones at 6-month follow-up, B = 0.20, 95%CI [0.07; 0.32], <i>p</i> = 0.003, compared to usual care. At 28-month follow-up, these strategies did not differ in child developmental outcome and internalising and externalising problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Routine third-trimester ultrasonography was positively but modestly associated with infant development. In toddlerhood, routine ultrasonography was not related to child developmental and behavioural/emotional outcomes. Overall, these findings do not support the implementation of routine third-trimester ultrasonography for low-risk pregnant women for reasons concerning children's early neurodevelopmental outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the factor structure of the pregnancy-related anxiety scale: implications for maternal and infant wellbeing.","authors":"Frances C Calkins, Lauren M Laifer, Rachel C B Beck, Sarah J Gervais, Rebecca L Brock","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2409146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2024.2409146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/background: </strong>Although the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale - also referred to as the Pregnancy-Related Thoughts Scale (PRT) - is one of the most widely utilised measures of pregnancy-related anxiety (PrA), there is limited research exploring its factor structure and psychometric properties. The present study sought to (a) explore the factor structure of the PRT and (b) examine whether specific dimensions of PrA differentially predict postpartum outcomes.</p><p><strong>Design/methods: </strong>A community sample of pregnant women (<i>N</i> = 159) was recruited from a Midwestern city in the United States and completed the PRT alongside other self-report measures of stress and maternal health and mood during pregnancy. Participants also completed measures of maternal health and mood, as well as parenting/infant outcomes, at 1- and 6-months postpartum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results provided support for a bifactor model with two unique dimensions of the PRT capturing baby- and self-focused concerns, respectively. Maternal self-focused PrA uniquely predicted postpartum internalising problems (β = .22), worse physical health (β = -.27), and impaired mother-infant bonding (β = .19) when controlling for baby-focused and general PrA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings highlight the utility of screening for specific dimensions of PrA to promote both maternal and infant wellbeing following childbirth. Specifically, evidence suggests that screening for self-focused PrA, above and beyond baby-focused PrA, might facilitate prevention and intervention efforts and allow researchers to better understand antecedents and consequences of unique facets of PrA.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}