Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Post-traumatic stress symptoms and war-related concerns among pregnant women: The contribution of self-mastery and intolerance of uncertainty.","authors":"Lia Ring, Elad Mijalevich-Soker, Esther Joffe, Maram Awad-Yasin, Orit Taubman-Ben-Ari","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2442471","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2442471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to traumatic events can significantly impact individuals' mental health, particularly of more vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women. This study focuses on Israeli pregnant women following the terror attack on October 7, 2023, and the subsequent war. It aims to examine the contribution of background and pregnancy-related characteristics, exposure to the traumatic events and personal resources (self-mastery, intolerance of uncertainty) to post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and war-related concerns about oneself, close others, the fetus and raising the baby who is about to be born.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Pregnant women (<i>n</i> = 175) aged 20-45 (<i>M</i> = 31.14, <i>SD</i> = 5.26) were recruited through social media and completed online self-report questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Direct traumatic exposure, lower self-mastery and higher intolerance of uncertainty contributed to women's PTSS; lower self-mastery and higher intolerance of uncertainty contributed to most concerns; direct exposure to the traumatic events contributed to concerns about the fetus and raising the baby.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings expand existing knowledge concerning resources related to PTSS and various war-related concerns. Mental health professionals should be informed of these variables when planning interventions with this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1244-1257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal couple relationship satisfaction, romantic attachment, and childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms.","authors":"Stephanie Alves, Margarida Pratas, Matilde Sousa, Daniela Fidalgo, Ana Morais, Inês Jongenelen, Diogo Lamela, Tiago Miguel Pinto, Raquel Costa","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2025.2452908","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2025.2452908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic childbirth can lead to childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (CB-PTSS). Although underexplored, prenatal couple relationship satisfaction and romantic attachment orientations are modifiable factors that may increase or mitigate the risk of CB-PTSS after a traumatic childbirth experience.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined (1) the associations between prenatal couple relationship satisfaction and romantic attachment, traumatic childbirth and CB-PTSS; (2) whether prenatal couple relationship satisfaction moderates the association between traumatic childbirth and CB-PTSS; and (3) whether the interaction between prenatal couple relationship satisfaction and romantic attachment moderates the association between traumatic childbirth and CB-PTSS.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The sample included 162 mothers from a Portuguese longitudinal cohort who completed self-report questionnaires at the third trimester of pregnancy (T1) and at two months postpartum (T2), on sociodemographic, mental health-related, and obstetric data (T1 and T2), couple relationship satisfaction (T1), romantic attachment (T1), traumatic childbirth experience (T2) and CB-PTSS (T2). Hierarchical regression analyses and moderated moderation models were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower prenatal couple relationship satisfaction predicted greater CB-PTSS severity, before accounting for attachment-related anxiety and avoidance. Attachment-related anxiety predicted greater CB-PTSS severity. The association between traumatic childbirth experience and CB-PTSS severity was only significant at low levels of prenatal couple relationship satisfaction and medium or high levels of attachment-related anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Especially in mothers reporting higher attachment-related anxiety, lower prenatal couple relationship satisfaction seems to increase the risk of CB-PTSS following the experience of a traumatic childbirth. Couple relationship satisfaction and romantic attachment orientations should be assessed during routine prenatal screenings, along with childbirth experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1258-1274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'You've gotta be a man and be strong': Pakistani fathers' experiences of perinatal loss.","authors":"Rebekka Harrison, Gary Urquhart Law, Samantha Day","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2448962","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2448962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/background: </strong>Although women physically experience pregnancy, and grief might manifest differently, both mothers and fathers are affected similarly by perinatal loss. Research has predominately focused on Caucasian men, with the experiences of men from ethnic minority groups not researched. In the UK, the Pakistani community has one of the highest rates of perinatal loss, therefore this research aimed to explore the experiences of perinatal loss in Pakistani men.</p><p><strong>Design/method: </strong>Five Pakistani men who experienced perinatal loss, sometime between four months to eight years ago, were recruited via posters placed at NHS maternity and mental health services, a third sector service, and social media. Semi-structured interviews were used, and transcripts analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.</p><p><strong>Results/conclusion: </strong>Three Group Experiential Themes with a total of six group level subthemes were identified: 'A rollercoaster of emotions: from shock and distress to having hope', 'The hidden experience of baby loss as a Muslim man', and 'The felt stigma of baby loss in the Muslim community'. Perinatal loss results in ever-changing emotions, with a shift from shock to sense making through religion. Perinatal loss was considered a hidden experience, with men masking emotional responses by a desire to be seen as strong and supportive. The felt stigma of perinatal loss was discussed in the context of silenced conversations and a disconnection between religion and community. Further research is needed to consider different experiences of perinatal loss such as time frames since loss, having children prior to or after a loss, and other Muslim subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1316-1328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for intolerance of uncertainty: A study protocol for the prevention of postpartum anxiety.","authors":"Melissa Furtado, Benicio N Frey, Briar E Inness, Randi E McCabe, Sheryl M Green","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2025.2495928","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2025.2495928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental health disorders are the most prevalent health complication experienced during pregnancy and the postpartum, with anxiety disorders being most common. Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a well-known feature of anxiety disorders and has recently been identified as a risk factor for the worsening of anxiety during the postpartum period. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a first-line treatment for perinatal anxiety, and CBT specifically targeting IU in non-perinatal populations has demonstrated positive findings for reducing anxiety. As such, the objective of our study is to examine whether CBT targeting IU in pregnancy can reduce the risk of postpartum anxiety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This protocol paper outlines a proof-of-concept randomised clinical trial assessing the effectiveness of a newly developed CBT for IU (CBT-IU) protocol to reduce the risk of postpartum anxiety. Pregnant individuals identified at increased risk for postpartum anxiety (defined as a baseline score of 64 or greater on the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale) will be randomised to receive CBT-IU or care as usual (CAU) during pregnancy and will be followed through the postpartum period (6-12 weeks). The CBT-IU protocol is a weekly, six session treatment, which includes psychoeducation, behavioural experiments, imaginal exposure, and problem-solving to target IU.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>To our knowledge, this will be the first study to investigate the efficacy of a CBT protocol aimed at reducing the risk of developing postpartum anxiety. Establishing this protocol as a potentially preventative strategy will offer a new option to improve the mental health and well-being of mothers and their infants.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>Trial Number is NCT05691140 and accessible at https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05691140.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1371-1390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does rejection sensitivity predict impaired mother-infant bonding? A longitudinal study.","authors":"Maja Brekalo, Marijana Matijaš, Maja Žutić, Sandra Nakić Radoš","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2025.2471319","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2025.2471319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mother-infant bonding refers to emotional, cognitive, neurobiological, and behavioural ties between mother and infant. It is a process that develops from pregnancy throughout infancy. Rejection sensitivity could be one of the risk factors for impaired bonding, and it is defined as a personality disposition that is characterised by an anxious expectation of rejection in social situations. It is known that rejection sensitivity is a predictor of problems in relationships, but its association with difficulties in mother-infant bonding is still unknown.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This was a three-wave online longitudinal study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 1052 women participated in the second trimester of pregnancy (T1), 879 of them participated during the third trimester (T2), and 758 of them in the postpartum period (T3; 6-21 weeks). Women completed the Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, Prenatal Attachment Inventory, Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire, and Sociodemographic and obstetric data. Mother-infant bonding had three dimensions: Impaired bonding, Anxiety about care and maternal distress, and Lack of enjoyment and affection with the baby.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The path analysis was conducted where rejection sensitivity (T1) was the predictor, mother-foetal bonding (T2) mediator, and mother-infant bonding (T3) criterium while parity, education level, and place of living were covariates. Higher rejection sensitivity predicted impaired dimensions of mother-infant bonding in the postpartum directly and indirectly via lower mother-foetal bonding during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Women with high rejection sensitivity are at risk for impaired bonding in the peripartum period. Those women should be identified during pregnancy, and special attention should be given to prevent bonding difficulties.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1440-1452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining elective co-parenting as PACT: a systematic assessment of published concepts and definitions.","authors":"L Decappelle, G Pennings, H Bos, V Provoost","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2025.2459156","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2025.2459156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an increase in the variation of family forms, types of parenthood roles and methods for family formation. One way of family building has most recently been referred to as 'elective co-parenting'. Yet, many other terms and somewhat diverging concept definitions have been put forward. This paper aims to establish a fundamental conceptual framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We will adhere to a tailored set of guidelines for conceptual ethics organised in four stages: (i) Using a minimal scoping review of published definitions potential attributes are identified, (ii) The potential attributes are organised by theme in order to identify any necessary and sufficient or shared ones, (iii) A conceptual definition of the concept is developed, (iv) The most fitting concept label is determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current terminology lacks comprehensiveness and often contains additional (hidden) meanings, thereby jeopardising its usability for research on contemporary family formation. We suggest a new nomenclature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We suggest PACT (Pre-conception Agreement-based Co-parenting Together-apart) instead of 'elective co-parenting' (or equivalents) as a new concept label for this particular family type, whereby at least two parties of co-parents have agreed before the conception of a child to share parenting of this child. A party can refer either to an individual or a set of romantically involved individuals. Although there may be different types of loving relationships between some (or all) co-parents within this constellation, there is at least some 'detachment' that is recognised as being created and present by an absence of romantic love between those parties.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1146-1166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological flexibility and role satisfaction as serial mediators between dispositional mindfulness and postpartum depressive symptoms.","authors":"Miriam Chasson","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2431144","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2431144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postpartum depression is a major public health issue impacting women's well-being and infant development. Dispositional mindfulness has been linked to lower severity of postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS), but the mechanisms behind this connection remain unclear. This study examines the serial mediation of psychological flexibility and maternal role satisfaction in the relationship between mindfulness facets and PDS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were recruited using convenience sampling and completed an electronic questionnaire assessing sociodemographic background, dispositional mindfulness, psychological flexibility, maternal role satisfaction, and PDS. The study included mothers over 18, who had given birth within ten months and could complete a Hebrew questionnaire. The final sample consisted of 298 women aged 21 to 47 (<i>M</i> = 31.34, SD = 4.34) with babies up to 10 months old.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mediation analyses showed that the mindfulness facets -describing, acting with awareness, and the overall score of dispositional mindfulness - were indirectly linked to lower severity of PDS through psychological flexibility and maternal role satisfaction. A serial mediation occurred, where higher mindfulness increased psychological flexibility, leading to greater role satisfaction and lower PDS. Additionally, nonjudging of inner experiences was directly associated with lower PDS severity and partially mediated by psychological flexibility and role satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings contribute to our understanding of how dispositional mindfulness relates to postpartum mental health through emotional and cognitive pathways. In practice, encouraging mindfulness, particularly nonjudgment, alongside fostering psychological flexibility and maternal role satisfaction, may help alleviate PDS and promote the well-being of postpartum women.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1559-1575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of infant feeding patterns on the psychological well-being of adolescent mothers.","authors":"Atefeh Yas, Fatemeh Zahra Karimi, Talat Khadivzadeh","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2437648","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2024.2437648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The rate of breastfeeding among adolescent mothers is lower compared to adult mothers, and it is unclear what their psychological and emotional status is after the success or failure of breastfeeding. This study aims to investigate adolescent mothers' psychological experiences following their infant feeding patterns.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The present qualitative study was conducted on adolescent primiparous mothers with a child under two years old in 2023, in the cities of Mashhad and Urmia, Iran. Purposeful sampling was employed to achieve data saturation. Data were gathered through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 11 adolescent mothers. Data analysis was conducted simultaneously with data collection, using the qualitative content analysis method developed by Granheim and Landman.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data analysis identified six subcategories and two main categories. The first main category was 'An enjoyable transformation after breastfeeding' which consisted of the subcategories'Early connection to motherhood and adulthood', 'Early realisation of life-giving aspirations', 'Love for the child soothing the deep suffering of very young mothers', and 'Sacrifice and attachment of very young mothers to the child despite the need for attention'. The second main category was \"Adolescent mothers in the midst of conflicting emotions\" which included the subcategories of \"Feeling of victory or defeat in very young mothers\" and \"Adolescent mothers\" ambivalent feelings during breastfeeding'.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infant feeding patterns have a significant impact on the psychological well-being of adolescent mothers. It is recommended that a supportive programme be developed to offer psychological support to these mothers.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1424-1439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of haptonomy and virtual reality, anxiety, prenatal attachment and acceptance of pregnancy in unplanned pregnancy.","authors":"Ayşe Nur Yilmaz, Yeşim Aksoy Derya","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2025.2539989","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2025.2539989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Unplanned pregnancies are an important public health problem that negatively affects the health of women and babies. This study aimed to determine the effects of haptonomy and virtual reality on anxiety, prenatal attachment and acceptance of pregnancy in unplanned pregnancies. Haptonomy, a touch-based bonding technique, and virtual reality, an immersive fetal visualisation tool, were used as interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample of this randomised controlled study consisted of 217 pregnant women (haptonomy: 73, virtual reality: 72 and control: 72) who applied to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology outpatient clinics of a public hospital in eastern Turkey between July 2020 and April 2021. For both experimental groups, four interviews were conducted with the pregnant women between the 24^thand32^nd gestational weeks at intervals of 7-10 days. Data were collected on pregnancy-related anxiety, prenatal attachment and pregnancy acceptance. Group differences were analysed using appropriate statistical comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pregnancy-related anxiety was lower, and acceptance of pregnancy was higher in the experimental groups compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < .001). Prenatal attachment level was higher in the haptonomy and virtual reality groups compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < .001). Notably, prenatal attachment scores were significantly higher in the haptonomy group compared to the virtual reality group (<i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In unplanned pregnancies, imagining the baby through haptonomy and imagining the baby through virtual reality are techniques that reduce the level of anxiety related to pregnancy and increase the level of prenatal attachment and acceptance of pregnancy. Especially haptonomy showed a higher effect on prenatal attachment.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":"44 5","pages":"1301-1315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"We are not abnormal\": experiences and management of stigma among Chinese women struggling with infertility.","authors":"Yujun Lin, Hengyi Guo, Chunmu Li","doi":"10.1080/02646838.2025.2456228","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02646838.2025.2456228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While numerous studies have highlighted the stigma experienced by women facing infertility, there is limited research that delves into the specific types of stigmas they encounter. Despite extensive discussions surrounding the Stigma Management Communication (SMC) theory and its application in managing stigma across various contexts, its utilisation in understanding and addressing the stigma experienced by women with infertility has been largely overlooked. This study seeks to bridge this gap by identifying forms of stigma that Chinese women experiencing infertility encounter and analysing the strategies they use to manage it.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eighteen one-to-one semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to gather comprehensive information. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chinese women experiencing infertility encountered structural, interpersonal and individual stigma. Regarding stigma management, participants employed three strategies: accepting personal stigma and acknowledging societal perceptions, accepting personal stigma while challenging societal perceptions, and challenging personal stigma while accepting societal perceptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Structural, individual, and interpersonal stigma were identified through the participants, expanding the understanding of stigma. The research underscored that personal emotions, government policies, and cultural norms were essential contextual factors in understanding SMC theory and highlighted the association between SMC strategies and consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":47721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1342-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}