Feminist Economics最新文献_第10页

The Effects of Growth on Women’s Employment in Pakistan 增长对巴基斯坦妇女就业的影响

IF 4.6 2区经济学

Feminist Economics Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1942512

H. Majid, K. A. Siegmann

{"title":"The Effects of Growth on Women’s Employment in Pakistan","authors":"H. Majid, K. A. Siegmann","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2021.1942512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2021.1942512","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to clarify the effect of growth on gender equality for the case of Pakistan, a country that has seen periods of high growth alongside the persistence of stark gender inequalities. The paper addresses this aim by estimating gendered sectoral employment elasticities of growth for the period 1984–2017 and investigates their drivers. It finds that the secular trend toward productivity-driven growth since the turn of the millennium has lowered the responsiveness of men’s employment to growth impulses in particular. For women, factors related to Pakistan’s gender order are more relevant. Greater gender parity in education enables women to benefit from growth in the form of better employment access. The reverse is the case for improvements in relative women’s life expectancy, understood as indicative of their social status. The paper interprets the related effect as a reduction in the precarity of women’s employment associated with improved status. HIGHLIGHTS Employment dividends of growth are realized in a highly gender-differentiated way. Pakistan’s gender order mediates women’s volatile employment responses to growth. We use excess women’s mortality as an indicator for Pakistan’s gender order. Women workers bear the brunt of recessions through the loss and precarity of jobs. Education is especially relevant in reducing women’s employment precarity.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":"29 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13545701.2021.1942512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42903705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Men's Incarceration and Women's Labor Market Outcomes 男性监禁与女性劳动力市场结果

IF 4.6 2区经济学

Feminist Economics Pub Date : 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1942510

Terry-Ann L Craigie

{"title":"Men's Incarceration and Women's Labor Market Outcomes","authors":"Terry-Ann L Craigie","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2021.1942510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2021.1942510","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of men's incarceration in the United States has important unintended consequences for women. Two early studies find positive external effects of men's incarceration on women's labor market outcomes in general. However, very little is known about the labor market outcomes of women directly affected by men's incarceration. This study evaluates how women's labor market outcomes change when a male partner is currently incarcerated. It finds substantial and robust evidence that a male partner's current incarceration lowers women's weekly earnings at extensive and intensive margins, while raising women's unemployment odds at the extensive margin. These negative consequences on women's labor market outcomes warrant further policy attention. HIGHLIGHTS Women are markedly affected by the incarceration of their male partners. Less is known about how a male partner behind bars affects a woman in the labor market. Having a male partner behind bars and his time served both lower a woman's earnings. Having a male partner behind bars raises the likelihood of a woman's unemployment. These losses are statistically comparable to losses under the Great Recession.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":"1 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13545701.2021.1942510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49460388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Endogenous Growth, Population Dynamics, and Economic Structure: Long-Run Macroeconomics When Demography Matters 内生增长、人口动态和经济结构：人口统计重要时的长期宏观经济学

IF 4.6 2区经济学

Feminist Economics Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1937266

J. Heintz, N. Folbre

{"title":"Endogenous Growth, Population Dynamics, and Economic Structure: Long-Run Macroeconomics When Demography Matters","authors":"J. Heintz, N. Folbre","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2021.1937266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2021.1937266","url":null,"abstract":"Even long-run macroeconomic growth models that allow for endogenous growth rely on simplistic assumptions regarding demographic regimes. This paper develops a model with more realistic variation in such regimes, including both excessively high and excessively low levels of average fertility. Variations in the structure of the market economy shape these population dynamics, and these trends in turn affect macroeconomic outcomes. Like early overlapping generations models of the type proposed by Paul A. Samuelson, our approach points to market failures and the importance of social institutions and nonmarket relationships that influence transfers between the old and the young, and the costs of childbearing. It also highlights current demographic imbalances at the country level and points to the need to develop open-economy extensions of this model that can capture the effects of population redistribution through immigration. HIGHLIGHTS Demographic trends affect macroeconomic outcomes, and vice versa. These dynamics challenge the assumption that individual decisions generate sustainable outcomes. In the long run, below-replacement fertility can have serious economic consequences. The macroeconomic model outlined here suggests that costs of caring for dependents should be more equitably shared.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"28 1","pages":"145 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13545701.2021.1937266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44609351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Parental Education and Increased Child Survival in Madagascar: What Can We Say? 马达加斯加的父母教育和提高儿童存活率:我们能说什么?

IF 4.6 2区经济学

Feminist Economics Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1937265

Samia Badji

{"title":"Parental Education and Increased Child Survival in Madagascar: What Can We Say?","authors":"Samia Badji","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2021.1937265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2021.1937265","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper investigates the relationship between parental education and child mortality in Madagascar. Until recently, most research linking parental education and child mortality had overlooked the case of Sub-Saharan Africa, despite the region having a high childhood mortality rate and a low association between parental education and child survival. Adopting a careful empirical strategy based on availability of schooling infrastructure and internal instruments, this paper contributes to the literature by analyzing the role of both the father’s and mother’s education as well as different educational levels. The results demonstrate that children’s survival probabilities increase when they have a mother with at least primary schooling. Controlling for wealth reduces the effect of mothers’ education by only one-third. In contrast, fathers’ education does not play a significant role in child survival. HIGHLIGHTS Parental education is strongly associated with improvements in child health in many countries. Father’s education is not a strong determinant of child survival in Madagascar. Higher levels of maternal education increase child survival in Madagascar. Wealth only accounts for one-third of the total effect of maternal education. Increasing education levels especially for women will likely reduce child mortality in future generations.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"28 1","pages":"142 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13545701.2021.1937265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47719381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Effect of Childcare Use on Gender Equality in European Labor Markets 儿童保育使用对欧洲劳动力市场性别平等的影响

IF 4.6 2区经济学

Feminist Economics Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1933560

Ana Marija Sikirić

引用次数: 4

The Causal Impact of Women’s Age at Marriage on Domestic Violence in India 印度妇女结婚年龄对家庭暴力的因果影响

IF 4.6 2区经济学

Feminist Economics Pub Date : 2021-06-08 DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1910721

Punarjit Roychowdhury, Gaurav Dhamija

{"title":"The Causal Impact of Women’s Age at Marriage on Domestic Violence in India","authors":"Punarjit Roychowdhury, Gaurav Dhamija","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2021.1910721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2021.1910721","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the causal effect of women’s age at marriage on prevalence of domestic violence using newly available household data from India. The paper employs an empirical strategy that utilizes variation in age at menarche to obtain exogenous variation in women’s age at marriage. The results show robust evidence that a one-year delay in women’s marriage causes a significant decline in physical violence, although it has no impact on sexual or emotional violence. Further, the study provides suggestive evidence that the effect of women’s marital age on physical violence arises because older brides, as compared to younger brides, are more educated and are married to more educated men. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of better enforcement of existing social policies that seek to delay marriages of women, as well as formulation of newer interventions, to reduce the prevalence of domestic violence in developing countries. HIGHLIGHTS The study examines the causal effect of marital age on exposure to domestic violence. It utilizes recent household data from India. Variation in age at menarche is used to obtain exogenous variation in age at marriage. Results show one-year delay in women's marriage causes a decline in physical violence. The study conducts further analysis to shed light on underlying mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"79 14","pages":"188 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13545701.2021.1910721","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41247995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The Flip Side of Turnover: Employment Transitions and Occupational Attachment Among Low-Wage Care Workers in the United States 流动的另一面:美国低薪护理工作者的就业转变和职业依恋

IF 4.6 2区经济学

Feminist Economics Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1921239

M. Duffy, Reagan A. Baughman, Kristin E. Smith

{"title":"The Flip Side of Turnover: Employment Transitions and Occupational Attachment Among Low-Wage Care Workers in the United States","authors":"M. Duffy, Reagan A. Baughman, Kristin E. Smith","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2021.1921239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2021.1921239","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars have explored the ways that conventional economic theory does not fully explain the distribution and characteristics of caring labor – the work, unpaid and paid, of caring for those who are young, elderly, or disabled. This paper explores a critical dimension of paid care – high turnover rates in the lowest-wage segment of the sector (including childcare, nursing homes, home health). Using longitudinal data from the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) in the US, it examines the “flip side” of that turnover by comparing occupational mobility among low-wage care workers to that of other low-wage service workers. The findings indicate that patterns of occupational transition among care workers are distinct in important ways. Understanding occupational attachment among paid care workers is critical to developing theoretical models about care and to creating care-specific policies to address employee turnover and its negative impact on care quality. HIGHLIGHTS High turnover in low-wage jobs in care-related fields has a negative impact on the quality of care. Low-wage care workers have longer job tenures and are more likely to stay in their field than other low-wage workers. Low-wage care workers experience more upward mobility than food service and cleaning workers, but less than office and sales workers. Low-wage care workers have high rates of transition to a period of not working. There is evidence of higher levels of occupational attachment among low-wage care workers than among other low-wage service workers.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":"62 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13545701.2021.1921239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46231399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Going Beyond Test Scores: The Gender Gap in Italian Children’s Mathematical Capability 超越测试成绩：意大利儿童数学能力的性别差距

IF 4.6 2区经济学

Feminist Economics Pub Date : 2021-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1908574

M. D. Di Tommaso, Anna Maccagnan, S. Mendolia

{"title":"Going Beyond Test Scores: The Gender Gap in Italian Children’s Mathematical Capability","authors":"M. D. Di Tommaso, Anna Maccagnan, S. Mendolia","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2021.1908574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2021.1908574","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the relationship between gender, attitudes, and test scores in mathematics. The study argues that measures of children’s capability in mathematics must include some indicators of attitudes toward the subject. These are particularly important when analyzing gender gaps because attitudes toward mathematics differ by gender. To this end, the study first analyzes the gender gap in attitudes and test scores separately using school fixed effects models. Second, it estimates a structural equation model, which takes into account that mathematical capability is a latent construct for which some indicators (test scores and attitudes) are observed. Using data from the Italian National Institute for the Evaluation of Education Systems (INVALSI) for school years 5 and 10 in 2014 and 2015, results confirm that when mathematics capability, including both attitudes and test scores, is measured, the gap between boys and girls changes, and it is therefore relevant to consider both concepts. HIGHLIGHTS Italy has one of the highest gender gaps in mathematics in the OECD. Gender gaps are substantial both in children's attitudes and their test scores. Tackling gender stereotypes may improve women's self-confidence in mathematics and the gender gap in scores. This may also help close the gender gap in STEM occupations.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":"161 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13545701.2021.1908574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48811026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Gender Disparities in Post-Conflict Societies: A Cross-National Analysis 冲突后社会的性别差异:一项跨国分析

IF 4.6 2区经济学

Feminist Economics Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1901128

Aniruddha Mitra, James T. Bang

{"title":"Gender Disparities in Post-Conflict Societies: A Cross-National Analysis","authors":"Aniruddha Mitra, James T. Bang","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2021.1901128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2021.1901128","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article investigates the impacts of conflict, resolution, and post-conflict democracy on gender bias. Exploring this question poses two methodological concerns. The first regards selection bias in which countries experience conflict and its resolution. The study addresses this issue using a generalization of the Heckman procedure. The second is that post-conflict democracy is likely endogenous to the level of pre-conflict democracy. This issue is addressed using two-stage least squares. Results show that conflict unambiguously worsens gender outcomes with respect to secondary school enrollment, labor force participation, fertility, and parliamentary representation. However, it does not affect the gap in life expectancy. Conflict resolution improves gender outcomes significantly, but not always by a magnitude that restores pre-conflict levels of equality. Greater post-conflict democratization improves parliamentary representation of women and the gender gaps in life expectancy and secondary school enrollment. However, it worsens the gap in labor force participation. HIGHLIGHTS The study corrects selection bias in conflict and its resolution with a three-step procedure. It instruments for post-conflict democratization using legal origin and geography. Conflict worsens gender inequities in education, the labor force, and representation. Conflict resolution mitigates most conflict-induced inequities, but not fully. Democratization further improves equity in representation and schooling.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":"134 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13545701.2021.1901128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48514043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Don't Let Another Crisis Go to Waste: The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Imperative for a Paradigm shift 不要让另一场危机白白浪费:COVID-19大流行和范式转变的必要性

IF 4.6 2区经济学

Feminist Economics Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1867762

J. Heintz, Silke Staab, L. Turquet

{"title":"Don't Let Another Crisis Go to Waste: The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Imperative for a Paradigm shift","authors":"J. Heintz, Silke Staab, L. Turquet","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2020.1867762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2020.1867762","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic revealed how globalized, market-based economies critically depend on a foundation of nonmarket goods, services, and productive activities that interact with capitalist institutions and impact market economies. These findings, long argued by feminist economists, have profound implications for how we think about our economic futures. This paper shows how lessons from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic can inform how people think about the future of our economies and, specifically, how to address a trio of interlocking crises: care work, environmental degradation, and macroeconomic consequences. Drawing on these lessons, this paper argues for a necessary paradigm shift and discusses the implications of such a shift for social and economic policies. HIGHLIGHTS The pandemic highlights the interlocking crises of care, the environment, and macroeconomics. COVID-19 underscores the centrality of care in our economies. The intensifying environmental crisis illustrates the neglect of nonmarket processes in dominant policy approaches. The biggest contradictions in our economic systems result from the interactions between capitalist institutions and the nonmarket sphere.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":"470 - 485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13545701.2020.1867762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44328868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32