International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics最新文献

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Exercises to improve directional sound recognition by visually impaired users heading to the workplace. 通过练习提高视障用户在工作场所的声音辨识能力。
IF 1.6 4区 医学
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2420495
Rafal Mlynski, Emil Kozlowski
{"title":"Exercises to improve directional sound recognition by visually impaired users heading to the workplace.","authors":"Rafal Mlynski, Emil Kozlowski","doi":"10.1080/10803548.2024.2420495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2024.2420495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moving is an integral part of everyday life and applies to accessing the workplace, attending a health centre or meeting friends. Determination of the source of sound may be important when a visually impaired person is moving around. This allows to navigate, but also provides important information about potential danger. Sound exercises have been prepared to support the ability to recognize the direction of sound and to learn about the problems associated with it. The research version of the app was prepared covering 12 situations related to three static and nine dynamic sources of sounds. All 10 participants in the exercises had a significant degree of visual impairment. An extended dataset obtained from three subjects without disabilities was also included. As a result, six exercises qualified for the final set of sound exercises, which allow to gain benefits from their implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of safety leadership on safety behaviors of aircraft rescue and firefighting personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间,安全领导力对飞机救援和消防人员安全行为的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 医学
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2414577
Charmaine Mullins-Jaime, Aurora B Le, Todd D Smith
{"title":"The impact of safety leadership on safety behaviors of aircraft rescue and firefighting personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Charmaine Mullins-Jaime, Aurora B Le, Todd D Smith","doi":"10.1080/10803548.2024.2414577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2024.2414577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objectives</i>. Facing risk of contracting COVID-19, adopting individual health and safety behaviors to prevent infection was critical for first responders to ensure personal and public safety. This study assessed direct and indirect relationships between safety leadership, safety behaviors and the effect of risk perceptions on these relationships among aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. <i>Method</i>. A total of 127 ARFF frontline personnel participated in an online survey. COVID-19-specific constructs of safety leadership, safety behaviors and risk perceptions were assessed using a structural model with moderation and serial mediation analysis using the mixed-model method. <i>Results</i>. Safety leadership had significant direct effects on safety compliance and indirect effects on safety participation and mask use. ARFF personnel's perceived severity of the virus had significant direct effects on mask use and indirect effects on safety compliance and participation behaviors. The interaction of safety leadership and perceived susceptibility to the virus had significant direct effects on safety compliance behaviors and indirect effects on safety participation and mask use. <i>Conclusion</i>. There are practical implications to strengthen safety compliance behaviors through leadership. This study contributes to the literature on leadership and safety behaviors among ARFF personnel during exceptional circumstances and times of crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Determining the effect levels of augmented decent work criteria in sustainable economic development with the fuzzy DEMATEL method. 用模糊 DEMATEL 法确定经济可持续发展中增强型体面工作标准的效果水平。
IF 1.6 4区 医学
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2413302
Halim Baş, İrfan Ersin, Hakan Kalkavan
{"title":"Determining the effect levels of augmented decent work criteria in sustainable economic development with the fuzzy DEMATEL method.","authors":"Halim Baş, İrfan Ersin, Hakan Kalkavan","doi":"10.1080/10803548.2024.2413302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2024.2413302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Creating decent work is among the priority issues for sustainable employment and development. This study aimed to determine the effect levels of the International Labour Organization (ILO) decent work criteria by augmenting nine indicators in the ILO manual to 12 criteria through a comprehensive literature review. Fuzzy DEMATEL, a multi-criteria decision-making method, has been preferred in this context. According to the analysis results of the study, the most heavily ranked criteria are 'healthy workplace environment', 'decent working hours' and 'safe working conditions' respectively, which contribute to the decent work concept. Further, 'balance between work-family-personal life' has been found the most affected criterion, while 'education and training system' has been the most affecting. Based on the findings, remedial and developing strategies are suggested on issues such as corporate culture, working hours regulation, safe working environment, subordinate-superior relations, social activities and regulations that take family life into account.</p>","PeriodicalId":47704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using benevolent leadership to improve safety behaviour in the construction industry: a moderated mediation model of safety knowledge and safety training and education. 利用仁慈领导力改善建筑行业的安全行为:安全知识与安全培训和教育的调节中介模型。
IF 1.6 4区 医学
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2414613
Hesham Ayouz, Ahmad Alzubi, Kolawole Iyiola
{"title":"Using benevolent leadership to improve safety behaviour in the construction industry: a moderated mediation model of safety knowledge and safety training and education.","authors":"Hesham Ayouz, Ahmad Alzubi, Kolawole Iyiola","doi":"10.1080/10803548.2024.2414613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2024.2414613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objectives</i>. Despite extensive regulatory reform, safety research and safety programmes over the past several decades, the construction sector remains notoriously dangerous in different regions across the world. Despite the fact that effective leadership is crucial for improving workplace safety behaviour (SB), there have been insufficient studies on how benevolent leadership (BL) affects such behaviour. <i>Methods</i>. Using a cross-sectional design, this research examines the influence of BL on employees' SB. The mediating role of safety knowledge and the moderating role of safety training and education were also observed. Data obtained from 413 employees of construction firms in Turkey were used to verify the links. <i>Results</i>. BL has positive influences on employees' SB and safety knowledge. Safety knowledge has a positive influence on SB and partially mediates the BL-SB link. At a low level of safety training and education, the BL-safety knowledge link is weaker for firms whose employees receive low safety training and education. At high levels of safety training and education, both the direct and indirect links between BL and SB are stronger for firms with high levels of safety training and education. <i>Conclusion</i>. The findings significantly extend safety literature through the lens of implicit followership theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":47704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of success factors of occupational health and safety management systems with the analytical hierarchy process: the case of ground handling companies in Turkey. 利用层次分析法评估职业健康与安全管理系统的成功因素:土耳其地勤公司的案例。
IF 1.6 4区 医学
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2410624
Harun Karakavuz, Ender Gerede
{"title":"Evaluation of success factors of occupational health and safety management systems with the analytical hierarchy process: the case of ground handling companies in Turkey.","authors":"Harun Karakavuz, Ender Gerede","doi":"10.1080/10803548.2024.2410624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2024.2410624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ground handling companies (GHCs) have the highest potential for occupational accidents in the air transportation sector. Understanding the success factors of occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMSs) implemented by GHCs ensures effective and efficient use of resources. Knowing the relative importance of success factors will enable companies to focus their energies on the most important factors. The analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the relative importance of success factors. The data of the study were obtained through a questionnaire survey of participants working as occupational safety and health (OSH) managers in GHCs operating in Turkey. According to the results of the study, the most critical success factor is 'top management support', followed by 'positive safety culture'. The differentiating result of the research from the literature is that 'OSH professionals' ranks third as an important success factor. Other success factors include 'OHSMS practices', 'stakeholder attitudes and characteristics' and 'regulations'.</p>","PeriodicalId":47704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of ageing factors on the performance of novel viscoelastic polyurethane foams utilized as seals in respiratory protective devices. 老化因素对用作呼吸保护装置密封件的新型粘弹性聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 医学
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2408943
Małgorzata Okrasa, Milena Leszczyńska, Kamila Sałasińska, Leonard Szczepkowski, Paweł Kozikowski, Agnieszka Adamus-Włodarczyk, Zbigniew Walczak, Joanna Ryszkowska
{"title":"Impact of ageing factors on the performance of novel viscoelastic polyurethane foams utilized as seals in respiratory protective devices.","authors":"Małgorzata Okrasa, Milena Leszczyńska, Kamila Sałasińska, Leonard Szczepkowski, Paweł Kozikowski, Agnieszka Adamus-Włodarczyk, Zbigniew Walczak, Joanna Ryszkowska","doi":"10.1080/10803548.2024.2408943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2024.2408943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the impact of ageing factors - i.e., perspiration, disinfection procedures and ultraviolet radiation - on the structural and performance characteristics of novel viscoelastic polyurethane foams specifically developed for use in seals for respiratory protective devices (RPDs). The investigation includes an analysis of resilience, compression set and recovery time to ascertain the influence of the chosen factors on the foam's mechanical properties. Furthermore, an in-depth exploration of the foams' thermal properties and chemical structure was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The influence of the ageing factors on the foams' microstructure was scrutinized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), supplemented by assessments of colour change and contact angle alterations. The experimental results were contextualized within the existing literature, with particular attention to the desired attributes of RPD seals composed of these newly engineered materials. Recommendations for use were then formulated.</p>","PeriodicalId":47704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental study of the factors influencing the uniformity of an air curtain and numerical simulation of the factors influencing its dust barrier effect. 对影响气幕均匀性的因素进行实验研究,并对影响气幕阻尘效果的因素进行数值模拟。
IF 1.6 4区 医学
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2413814
Pei Wang, Zhongan Jiang, Hui Wang
{"title":"Experimental study of the factors influencing the uniformity of an air curtain and numerical simulation of the factors influencing its dust barrier effect.","authors":"Pei Wang, Zhongan Jiang, Hui Wang","doi":"10.1080/10803548.2024.2413814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2024.2413814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study analyzes the influence of air curtain diameter and internal duct structure on the uniformity of an air curtain using Fluent numerical simulation combined with an experimental method after actual measurement of relevant parameters at the construction site, and simulates the best dust insulation parameters of a uniform air curtain. As the diameter of the air curtain supply duct increases and the internal air duct structure is reasonably designed, the axial static pressure of the air curtain generator and the air velocity at the curtain outlet are more uniform, which forms a higher strength of the air curtain. The best dust separation parameter of the uniform air curtain is the vertical downward generated air curtain with an outlet air velocity of 12 m/s and an outlet strip slit width of 80 mm, in which the dust separation efficiency could reach about 79.5%.</p>","PeriodicalId":47704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Path analysis of coal mine accident risk factors based on the 24Model. 基于 24 模型的煤矿事故风险因素路径分析。
IF 1.6 4区 医学
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2403276
Yiman He, Jizu Li, Min Yu, Yanyu Guo
{"title":"Path analysis of coal mine accident risk factors based on the 24Model.","authors":"Yiman He, Jizu Li, Min Yu, Yanyu Guo","doi":"10.1080/10803548.2024.2403276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2024.2403276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Coal mine accidents seriously affect China's coal safety production and sustainable development. The present study aimed to reveal the risk factors in coal mine accidents and explore the causal relationship among risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized text mining to analyse 450 coal mine accident reports, identifying 50 risk factors and efficiently mapping them into the 24Model. The association rule algorithm was then used to mine the strong association rules among the risk factors within the 24Model, establishing the interaction mechanism among them. Based on the strong association rules, related hypotheses were proposed. Finally, the hierarchical and logical relationships of risk factors within the 24Model were analysed, and the causal and mediating effects were tested by path analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The safety management system has a direct effect on unsafe acts, unsafe conditions, habitual behaviour and organizational safety culture. Moreover, external influence has an effect on unsafe acts, organizational safety culture and habitual behaviour through the mediating effect of the safety management system.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results obtained, this study proposes a series of specific measures to prevent risks in coal mines, providing a new perspective for the analysis and prevention of accidents.</p>","PeriodicalId":47704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An investigation into the role of driver characteristics in driving behaviours and subsequent clustering of Indian bus drivers. 对驾驶员特征在驾驶行为中的作用以及随后对印度公交车驾驶员进行分组的调查。
IF 1.6 4区 医学
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2401727
V Jayakumar, M N Vinodkumar
{"title":"An investigation into the role of driver characteristics in driving behaviours and subsequent clustering of Indian bus drivers.","authors":"V Jayakumar, M N Vinodkumar","doi":"10.1080/10803548.2024.2401727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2024.2401727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Aberrant driving behaviours among bus drivers cause serious concerns to safety on the road. The present study aimed to measure the effects of driver characteristics on aberrant and positive driving behaviours among bus drivers and to group drivers accordingly. The study was carried out among bus drivers of the government-owned road transport corporation in Kerala, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1120 drivers took part in the survey, out of which 617 drivers returned the forms with all questions answered (response rate = 55.1%). SPSS version 27.0 was used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Structural equation modelling proved the predictive nature of driver characteristics on driving behaviours. <i>K</i>-means cluster analysis revealed clusters such as violating and angry drivers (cluster 1), knowledgeable drivers with positive driving behaviours (cluster 2), healthy and stress-free drivers (cluster 3), erroneous and stressed drivers (cluster 4) and calm drivers with positive driving behaviours (cluster 5).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Positive relationships of anger and stress on aberrant driving behaviours and higher number of drivers in clusters 1 and 4 reveal concerns of safety. The study points towards the necessity of organizational commitment for improving driver characteristics for better driver behaviours and safer roads.</p>","PeriodicalId":47704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of sleep quality, fatigue and its association with occupational injuries among shift workers in an electronic industrial environment. 评估电子工业环境中轮班工人的睡眠质量、疲劳度及其与工伤的关系。
IF 1.6 4区 医学
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2404326
Abdullah Malik, Azhar Ali, Muhammad Akram, Rizwan Rasheed
{"title":"Assessment of sleep quality, fatigue and its association with occupational injuries among shift workers in an electronic industrial environment.","authors":"Abdullah Malik, Azhar Ali, Muhammad Akram, Rizwan Rasheed","doi":"10.1080/10803548.2024.2404326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2024.2404326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objectives.</i> This study explores the association between sleep quality, cumulative fatigue and occupational injuries among shift workers in Pakistan's manufacturing industries. <i>Methods</i>. The study surveyed 200 shift workers using a self-administered questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and fatigue with the standard shiftwork index (SSI). Statistical analyses included <i>t</i> tests, <i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> tests and logistic regression. <i>Results</i>. Night shift employees had higher odds of occupational injuries (odds ratio [<i>OR</i>] 3.591, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.079, 11.944], <i>p</i> = 0.037) compared to day shift workers. Cumulative fatigue (<i>OR</i> 3.044, 95% CI [1.145, 8.089], <i>p</i> = 0.026) and PSQI global score (<i>OR</i> 1.249, 95% CI [1.002, 1.556], <i>p</i> = 0.048) also indicated an increased injury risk. <i>Conclusion</i>. Night shift workers experienced poorer sleep quality, higher fatigue and increased injuries than day shift workers. Employers should implement artificial intelligence to detect and manage fatigue, set strategic shift schedules for maximum sleep opportunities and train workers to improve sleep quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":47704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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