Journal of Agrarian Change最新文献_第4页

Work and social reproduction in rural India: Lessons from time-use data 印度农村的工作和社会再生产:来自时间使用数据的教训

IF 2.4 2区经济学

Journal of Agrarian Change Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1111/joac.12569

Smriti Rao, Smita Ramnarain, Sirisha Naidu, Anupama Uppal, Avanti Mukherjee

{"title":"Work and social reproduction in rural India: Lessons from time-use data","authors":"Smriti Rao, Smita Ramnarain, Sirisha Naidu, Anupama Uppal, Avanti Mukherjee","doi":"10.1111/joac.12569","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joac.12569","url":null,"abstract":"Efforts to decentre/decolonize our understanding of capitalist development in the Global South call for more complex and differentiated categories of work that acknowledge the significance of both non-waged and reproductive labour. These categories would allow us to more clearly ‘see’ the varying intersections of gender, class and caste within this world of work. Even as the literature on work in the Global South acknowledges the importance of forms of non-waged work, there is still more work to be done to sufficiently incorporate the labour of social reproduction. In this paper, which emerges from an effort to apply a feminist social reproduction lens in the field, we propose understanding work through four conceptual dyads: waged productive labour, non-waged productive labour, waged reproductive labour and non-waged reproductive labour. Through an in-depth description of three specific cases from a time-use survey we conducted in rural Punjab, India, we argue not only that all four dyads are required to encompass the world of work but also that this more expansive conceptualization can help us produce richer analyses of the intersections of class, caste and gender.","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.12569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Political economy of input–output markets of groundnut: A case from the groundnut value chain of Turkey 花生投入产出市场的政治经济学——以土耳其花生价值链为例

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Agrarian Change Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/joac.12568

Burhan Özalp, M. Necat Ören

{"title":"Political economy of input–output markets of groundnut: A case from the groundnut value chain of Turkey","authors":"Burhan Özalp, M. Necat Ören","doi":"10.1111/joac.12568","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joac.12568","url":null,"abstract":"Mainstream economics argues that value chains provide farmers better prices and incomes, thus aiding development. However, this study contradicts this consensus, revealing that the value chain generates the status of petty commodity producers for farmers. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the value chain keeps downstream actors, such as merchants, processors, wholesalers, and retailers, in a powerful position against farmers. The study delves into these phenomena by considering the historical relationship between the market, the commodification of agriculture, the state, the interconnection of markets, the value chain, and neoliberalism. This research focuses on the political economy of groundnut input–output markets in Turkey through value chain analysis. Based on thorough primary field research, the paper demonstrates that the functioning of the value chain strengthens the position of downstream actors against farmers. Additionally, it shows that the value chain creates interlinking between farmers and merchants and makes small farmers the most disadvantaged actor. Moreover, the study highlights that groundnut production costs have risen at a higher rate than incomes under neoliberal policies. Finally, the article demonstrates that mechanization in groundnut farming, while increasing productivity by meeting the chain demands, fails to significantly improve farmers' incomes and profits due to the impact of neoliberal policies on other input costs.","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.12568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Control, exploitation and exclusion: Experiences of small farmer e-tailers in agricultural e-commerce in China 控制、剥削和排斥：中国农产品电子商务中的小农电商经验

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Agrarian Change Pub Date : 2023-10-08 DOI: 10.1111/joac.12567

Xiaojun Feng

{"title":"Control, exploitation and exclusion: Experiences of small farmer e-tailers in agricultural e-commerce in China","authors":"Xiaojun Feng","doi":"10.1111/joac.12567","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joac.12567","url":null,"abstract":"Digital technologies are reshaping the landscape of agriculture. In 2021, around 10% of agricultural products in China were distributed through the Internet. As small farmers are traditionally subsumed by commercial capital in the sphere of circulation, this article investigates what difference online marketing has made to this relationship. Using qualitative data collected from a county in China, we examine the experiences of small farmer e-tailers. We find that agricultural e-commerce provides them with an alternative marketing channel and a larger customer base, increases the efficiency of product distribution and allows them to retain a greater share of the value they produce. However, while extant literature suggests that agricultural e-commerce has increased farmers' autonomy and income, we find that small farmers' vertical expansion into e-commerce by becoming agricultural e-tailers fails to alleviate their subsumption by commercial capital and subjects them to more oppressive forms of commercial capital in three ways. First, small farmer e-tailers are controlled by agricultural e-commerce platforms, as their transactions rely on these platforms that are quasi-monopolies in China. Second, these e-tailers are increasingly exploited by platforms and other cybermediaries whom they are forced to pay for Internet traffic. Finally, small farmers are being excluded from being e-tailers as platforms are becoming e-tailers and they cannot compete with corporate e-tailers.","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.12567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135251192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social reproduction in crisis: Gendered labour regimes in agro-export sectors in Ecuador and Chile 危机中的社会再生产：厄瓜多尔和智利农业出口部门的性别劳动制度

IF 2.4 2区经济学

Journal of Agrarian Change Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1111/joac.12565

Laura T. Raynolds, Annabel Ipsen

{"title":"Social reproduction in crisis: Gendered labour regimes in agro-export sectors in Ecuador and Chile","authors":"Laura T. Raynolds, Annabel Ipsen","doi":"10.1111/joac.12565","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joac.12565","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic lays bare the centrality of social reproduction in upholding global commodity networks. Capitalism's reliance on gendered and racialized systems of social reproduction has deepened structural contradictions and socio-economic divides across agro-export sectors and agrarian communities. We analyse how COVID-19 policies and responses in Ecuador and Chile are reshaping systems of social and labour protection in feminized agro-export sectors. We integrate labour regime and gender regime frameworks, showing how they are (1) co-constituted via global forces, national policies, institutional pressures and local practices; (2) intertwined in neoliberal and social-democratic development models; and (3) forged through control, consent and resistance. We analyse national legal frameworks and policy responses to COVID-19, as well as industry, union and worker reactions, illustrating how ‘neutral’ policies have gendered outcomes, (re)creating false binaries between production and reproduction and paid and unpaid work. We find that the pandemic has reshaped gendered labour regimes in agro-exports: in Ecuador, undermining the fragile commitment to a social-democratic gendered labour regime and in Chile, strengthening social-democratic supports and promises of a more equitable gendered labour regime. In both cases, states and firms have neglected to include social reproduction in the ‘costs’ of development, thus threatening national development models grounded in the exploitation of cheap female labour in agro-export sectors.","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.12565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135537087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to differentiate peasant classes in capital-intensive agriculture? 如何区分资本密集型农业中的农民阶层？

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Agrarian Change Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/joac.12566

Paramjit Singh, Mukesh Kumar

{"title":"How to differentiate peasant classes in capital-intensive agriculture?","authors":"Paramjit Singh, Mukesh Kumar","doi":"10.1111/joac.12566","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joac.12566","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights the relevance of Marxian class analysis to understand the changing nature of agrarian classes under capital-intensive agriculture. It is a methodological exercise that builds on Patnaik's labour exploitation index (E-criterion) in three major respects to construct a new index, namely, the Modified Labour Exploitation Index (MEI), to differentiate peasant classes. First and most important, it incorporates the role of mechanisation, which, so far, has been ignored in the methodological attempts to differentiate within the peasantry. Second, it underscores the importance of non-agricultural (and non-rural) bases of simple reproduction in the countryside by incorporating hired-out labour by agricultural households to the non-agricultural sector into the classification criteria. Finally, it makes surplus labour exploited through land leasing empirically testable by using Marx's differential and absolute rent to differentiate between subsistence and commercial leasing. The new index is then empirically tested using primary data collected from rural Haryana, India. The paper argues that MEI is an effective criterion for understanding changing class dynamics, the shifting modes of the livelihood of the poor peasantry and the largely hidden accumulation processes in agrarian societies.","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.12566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blaming the victim or structural conditioning? COVID-19, obesity and the neoliberal diet 责怪受害者还是结构性条件反射？COVID-19、肥胖症和新自由主义饮食习惯

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Agrarian Change Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1111/joac.12564

Gerardo Otero

{"title":"Blaming the victim or structural conditioning? COVID-19, obesity and the neoliberal diet","authors":"Gerardo Otero","doi":"10.1111/joac.12564","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joac.12564","url":null,"abstract":"The energy-dense part of the neoliberal diet and obesity made for an explosive combination upon the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic. Energy-dense foods lie at the root of comorbidities associated with complications of the COVID-19 pandemic: overweight, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and so forth. Multiple medical studies have demonstrated the causal impact of overweight and obesity on more severe or lethal infections. Focusing on the case of Mexico, I will show that inequality strongly conditions what people can eat, so the issue is not simply a matter of personal choice or responsibility. My argument is twofold: (1) Mexico enjoyed its own ‘traditional’ diets through the mid-1980s, which included widely accessible fruits and vegetables. But (2) the neoliberal turn in the form of trade liberalization and deepening inequality caused a substantial reshaping of the diet in favour of energy-dense foods with lower nutritional value. The energy-dense segment of ‘the neoliberal diet’ has turned a large portion of Mexicans into a vulnerable population. But this is a class-differentiated diet with its healthy and nutritious components increasingly less accessible to the working classes. Recovering healthy diets in Mexico will require the recuperation of food sovereignty through the regeneration of its countryside and its peasantry. Agroecological methods of food production will also be needed to alleviate the climate change emergency.","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.12564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135740574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agrarian change through speculation: Rural elites as land brokers for mining in Colombia 投机引发的土地变化：农村精英成为哥伦比亚采矿业的土地经纪人

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Agrarian Change Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1111/joac.12563

Kristina Dietz

{"title":"Agrarian change through speculation: Rural elites as land brokers for mining in Colombia","authors":"Kristina Dietz","doi":"10.1111/joac.12563","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joac.12563","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the connections between the expansion of mining capital, speculative forms of land grabbing and agrarian transformation. It is argued that in periods of commodity boom, the landowning rural elite benefits from mining through speculative land deals with mining companies. They act as ‘land brokers’ for the mining firms, helping them to overcome a significant barrier to land accumulation through the de facto abolition of landed property. The analysis is based on a qualitative case study on the expansion of coal mining in central Cesar in northern Colombia. To develop my arguments, I refer to the concept of accumulation by dispossession as defined by Michael Levien, and historical materialist approaches on rent, and speculative land dispossession. In addition, I use concepts developed for studying coercive land grabbing and agrarian elite participation in armed conflicts to analyse the mechanisms applied to (coercively) acquire rights to land. It is concluded that with high global prices for minerals, metals and fossil fuels, the expansion of mining in the countryside fosters a process of agrarian change through land speculation that is articulated in a reconcentration of landed property, a re-strengthening of the rural landowning elite and the dissolution of peasant agriculture.","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.12563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49167041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agrarian change in neoliberal Turkey: Insights from privatization of the sugar industry 新自由主义土耳其的土地变化：从糖业私有化看

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Agrarian Change Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1111/joac.12562

Kubra M. Altaytas

{"title":"Agrarian change in neoliberal Turkey: Insights from privatization of the sugar industry","authors":"Kubra M. Altaytas","doi":"10.1111/joac.12562","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joac.12562","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the dynamics of neoliberal agrarian restructuring within the Turkish sugar industry, focusing on the 2018 privatization of the Alpullu Sugar Factory. The analysis examines the transformative impact of market dependence and land commodification on relationship of farmers with the agricultural sector. Specifically, it focuses on two significant neoliberal shifts that have altered the dynamics of farming. First, the withdrawal of state support in agricultural markets prompted farmers to diversify their income streams, leading to a transition from sugar beet cultivation to alternative crops and contemplation of urban migration. Second, in the 2000s, farmers, grappling with declining agricultural revenues, increasingly relied on private bank credits as a means of financial security. This shift was propelled by changes in agricultural policy regulations and the dissolution of state-sponsored credit systems. Employing a blend of qualitative and quantitative research methods, this study elucidated these complex transformations and their profound impact on agrarian livelihoods, land ownership shifts, production strategies and market relationships. The research revealed the complex interplay of social, economic and historical dynamics steering the trajectory of the Turkish sugar industry, providing valuable insights into neoliberal restructuring.","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.12562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42794172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A framework for understanding land control transfer in agricultural commodity frontiers 理解农产品边境土地控制权转移的框架

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Agrarian Change Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1111/joac.12560

Olivia del Giorgio

{"title":"A framework for understanding land control transfer in agricultural commodity frontiers","authors":"Olivia del Giorgio","doi":"10.1111/joac.12560","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joac.12560","url":null,"abstract":"Across the globe, the expansion of large-scale commodity agriculture is occurring not into empty space but over existing social systems. An understanding of the dynamics of expansion and associated impacts of commodity agriculture thus fundamentally requires examining how existing control regimes are dissolved and, simultaneously, how novel ones are assembled in order to make way for the changes in resources use that characterize these transitional moments. With this in mind, in this article, I provide a broad review of the strategies used to secure control over land prospected for agricultural commodity production, distinguishing between the tactics that are applied by agro-interested actors in order to ‘break down’ forms of existing land control, those they apply in parallel to ‘build up’ new control structures, and those strategies that are applied by actors (often smallholders) wishing to ‘hold on to’ the control that they have. I then present a framework for examining the dynamics of control transfer that builds on this analytical structure of ‘breaking down’, ‘building up’, and ‘holding on to’ control.","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.12560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41418061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Indigenous collective land titling and the creation of leftovers: Insights from Paraguay and Cambodia 土著集体土地所有权和剩余物的产生：巴拉圭和柬埔寨的见解

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Agrarian Change Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1111/joac.12561

Esther Leemann, Cari Tusing

{"title":"Indigenous collective land titling and the creation of leftovers: Insights from Paraguay and Cambodia","authors":"Esther Leemann, Cari Tusing","doi":"10.1111/joac.12561","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joac.12561","url":null,"abstract":"Collective land titling often drags on for decades, while private land concessions and holdings do not face the same problem, creating ‘leftovers’ of land available for Indigenous peoples to attempt to collectively title. In two ethnographic case studies in Cambodia and Paraguay, we analyse community-based Indigenous land titling by focusing on the on-the-ground dynamics of property relations, Indigenous livelihood shifts and ecological change. In both countries, large agricultural players implemented a staggering change in local landscapes through deforestation, configuring new realities that in turn feed into local environments and titling processes. Adapting their livelihoods to living in the leftovers, in Cambodia, the Indigenous Bunong shifted from rice to rubber as they navigated the slow titling process. In Paraguay, some Indigenous Guarani shifted from corn to cattle by renting out their collectively titled land. The case studies show that the liberal titling approach to secure Indigenous lands overestimates the ability of title to remove land from capitalist logics such as the push to rent or sell, while some spaces of autonomy are opened. We critique the liberal approaches to formalising title, where Indigenous struggles for their ways of life are funnelled into fighting for collective property.","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.12561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47807037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1