{"title":"Disentangling Inequality and Exploitation in the Rice Value Chain in Northern Uganda","authors":"Malin J. Nystrand","doi":"10.1111/joac.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although inequality between actors in agricultural value chains has been extensively studied, informal and semiformal arrangements in domestic value chains involving small-scale actors have been explored less than formal arrangements involving large firms. This study contributes to this literature, firstly, by suggesting a novel analytical framework for analysing inequality and exploitation and the agency of actors within an unequal value-chain relationship; and secondly, by applying it to the relationship between rice millers and rice farmers in Gulu in northern Uganda, i.e., to one node in a larger rice value chain. This study explores this relationship in a situation of high levels of competition between millers, potentially strengthening farmers' bargaining power. The form and degree of inequality and exploitation in the relationship are analytically disentangled by applying the analytical framework, combining Graeber's conceptualization of exchange and hierarchy with Snyder's definitions of exploitation. The study shows that, although the relationship is still characterized by inequality and has exploitative features, farmers can and do exit from the relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.70090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Exclusion of Smallholders in Transformations of Agricultural Machinery Service Markets","authors":"Chen Yiyuan","doi":"10.1111/joac.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study engages with debates on the implications of agricultural mechanization on smallholder farming. It examines the transformation of the agricultural machinery service (AMS) system in a grain-production region in China, focusing on its response to the rapid expansion of large-scale producers and the accelerated machinery renewal. It argues that the interplay between the scaling up of agricultural production, state intervention and capital influx has shifted the AMS market from an informal structure to one characterized by capitalization and specialization. This transformation has directly and indirectly compelled smallholders to withdraw from agricultural production. This study further demonstrates that the ‘simple reproduction squeeze’ faced by smallholders may not solely be a result of rising production costs but also stems from the dismantling of the support systems that previously sustained the reproduction of smallholder farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Encountering Plant Materiality: Limits of Large-Scale Soybean Intercropping in China","authors":"Lu Pan, Siyu Kang, Ye Zhu","doi":"10.1111/joac.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Chinese government has promoted maize-soybean intercropping as a strategic measure to boost domestic soybean production and strengthen food security. As a ‘more-than-human’ actor, soybean has historically and continues to introduce uncertainties into agrarian change. By centering plant materiality in agrarian studies, this paper examines the intercropping project in Qing County, Sichuan Province, to explore how soybeans' materiality manifests through their relations with maize, different modes of farming and diverse product markets, ultimately challenging and disrupting the policy initiative. This paper further highlights the theoretical significance of integrating plant materiality and multispecies perspectives into critical agrarian studies. By emphasizing the interconnections between plant materiality and political dynamics, it contributes to ongoing debates on flex crops and deepens critiques of the anthropocentrism embedded in agrarian capitalism.</p>","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agro-Industrial Enclosures: Food Security, Land Consolidation and Rural Displacement in China","authors":"Karita Kan","doi":"10.1111/joac.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines rural enclosures for industrialized agriculture as a window into the local political economy and territorial politics underlying projects of agricultural modernization. In recent years, agro-industrial parks with ‘characteristic’ industries have proliferated in China as the government viewed it as a technical solution to problems of declining grain security and land use inefficiency. Comparing these enclosures with previous waves of expropriation for industrial and real estate development, this paper argues that enclosures for agro-industrialization evince a specific logic of state intervention, which in turn shapes the mechanisms of land assembly and the politics of counter-enclosure engendered. Through ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews, this paper interrogates the unequal impact of farmland transfer as villagers found it increasingly difficult to hold onto their land and turned to individualized strategies for survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Negotiating Work and Care: Rural Women's Bargaining Power in Chile's Neoliberal Agrarian Sector","authors":"Patricia Retamal, Chiara Cazzuffi","doi":"10.1111/joac.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Women's participation in paid work is widely expected to enhance bargaining power within households and promote redistribution of unpaid domestic and care work. Yet, in agrarian contexts shaped by long-standing neoliberal labour regimes, this expectation often remains unmet. This article examines why paid work fails to translate into redistribution of unpaid work within households, drawing on qualitative interviews with women in rural central Chile. Using Agarwal's cooperative–conflict framework, the analysis assesses bargaining power through observable household outcomes, focusing on the organization of unpaid domestic and care work. The findings show that paid work does not strengthen bargaining power unless it alters the organization of social reproduction within the household. Bargaining capacity operates through embodied and temporal mechanisms: The physical depletion and time rigidity associated with insecure and physically demanding employment arrangements undermine women's ability to pursue and sustain redistribution, even when they explicitly ask their partners for greater support with domestic and care work. Redistribution emerges as a fragile outcome that depends on specific configurations of social reproduction, including time control, lower caregiving intensity and the social legitimation of women's paid work and time priorities. By centring unpaid domestic and care work as the primary observable outcome of intra-household bargaining, the study offers a relational and temporally grounded reconceptualization of empowerment in agrarian labour regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emilia Ormaechea, Bruno Capdevielle, Christin Bernhold
{"title":"All Roads Lead to China: Argentina's Beef Exports in the Context of a New Subordinate Complementarity","authors":"Emilia Ormaechea, Bruno Capdevielle, Christin Bernhold","doi":"10.1111/joac.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article analyses the recent expansion of Argentina's beef exports in the context of China's emergence as the world's leading beef importer and the principal destination for Argentine exports. It examines shifts in production, export orientation and domestic consumption, and analyses the export-oriented fractions of meat capital that have benefited from growing access to the Chinese market since 2013. Drawing on the concept of subordinate complementarity, the article argues that while Argentine meat capital has pursued profit-oriented strategies to expand exports to China and consolidate trade relations from which it derives significant benefits, this alignment remains confined to primary commodity specialisation, thereby reproducing structurally asymmetric relations of production and trade.</p>","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reservoirs of Fertility: Colonialism and Britain's Turn to ‘Food Security’, 1945–65","authors":"Alex McKendrick","doi":"10.1111/joac.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines Britain's post-war turn from the world's leading food importer to being largely self-sufficient in food, as a key process within the transition from first to second global food regime. It focuses on the special soil fertility resources mobilised to implement this transition in British agriculture; looking first at the economic, political and military strategic factors which drove the heavy use and stockpiling of chemical fertilisers; and then at Britain's colonial phosphate rock networks. This article affirms the value of a concrete and historicised theoretical approach to Food Regimes Analysis, to appreciate secondary dynamics and regional differences. By employing an archive-centred historical method with close attention to the role of the state and political economy, this article reveals the endurance of formal colonialism and colonial forms of exploitation—alongside the development of a US-led international state system—in determining the hierarchy of states under the Second Food Regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agrarian Change and Accumulation in Central India: Revisiting the Agrarian Question of Capital","authors":"Sunit Arora, Deepak K. Mishra","doi":"10.1111/joac.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we revisit the relevance of the agrarian question of capital and provide evidence of the dynamism in agriculture based on an empirical enquiry. We study the possibilities, channels and patterns of agrarian accumulation and its spillover on the nonagrarian accumulation dynamics in an agriculturally advanced region lying in central India. Based on this empirical study, we posit that the agrarian question of capital remains important at a regional scale in India. By bringing the focus back on the question of capital, the paper maps the contemporary agrarian change processes as being linked to the process of generation of agrarian surplus and contributes to the debate on the relevance of the agrarian question of capital in the global south.</p>","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Ambiguous Ecologies of Agri-Alternatives: Exploring the Calculus of Social Reproduction in Rural India","authors":"Arianna Tozzi, Enid Still","doi":"10.1111/joac.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper advances scholarship on agri-alternatives by probing the gap between romanticised narratives of how alternative farming transitions ought to be and the actual practices farmers enact in their fields. Focusing on moments when such alternatives encounter on-the-ground realities, we propose ambiguous ecologies as a lens to explore the various elements shaping farmers' decisions and their complex dynamics. Centering social reproduction, we argue that transitions to agri-alternatives are contested processes whereby farmers renegotiate productive and reproductive agrarian relations amidst uneven risks. Drawing on ethnographic insights from India, we contribute to feminist theorisation on the calculus guiding farmers' practices in two ways. First, by positing that ecologies and their materialities are key to how farmers navigate their engagement with agri-alternatives, and second, by showing how ambiguous ecologies work as sites of agency where farmers make intimate calculations to construct liveable socio-ecological relations against the grain of industrialised farming regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Legitimising the Food Regime in Post-Socialist Croatia: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Croatia's Agricultural Strategies, 1991 to 2013","authors":"Alexander Gavranich","doi":"10.1111/joac.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What role has the state played in the establishment of the current food regime in a post-socialist setting? Focusing on Croatia, I undertake a critical discourse analysis of the national agricultural strategies enacted during the neoliberal transition between 1991 and 2013. I find that the state discursively legitimised the emergence and consolidation of the current food regime through two dominant tactics: (1) the collective diagnostic framing of peasants, family farmers and socialist agriculture as the ‘problem’ and (2) the deployment of ostensibly ‘rational’ language. Presenting a sociopolitical history of Croatia's neoliberal transition, I argue that the principal material beneficiaries of the state-legitimised food regime have predominantly been the political and economic elite of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), who rose to power during the corrupt privatisations of socialist-era enterprises in the 1990s and set Croatia on a path of clientelism and criminality. Today, Croatia exists as a small, globally integrated state of negligible political sway that is effectively captured by a single dominant political party. The novel dynamics of this situation in the agricultural sector do not easily fit within existing food regime conceptualisations.</p>","PeriodicalId":47678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agrarian Change","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joac.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}