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Carceral Migrations: Reframing Race, Space, and Punishment 奴隶迁移:重构种族、空间和惩罚
IF 2 3区 社会学
Social Service Review Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1086/719998
Rahim Kurwa, Susila Gurusami
{"title":"Carceral Migrations: Reframing Race, Space, and Punishment","authors":"Rahim Kurwa, Susila Gurusami","doi":"10.1086/719998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719998","url":null,"abstract":"We theorize state governance through population spatial trajectories to capture how seemingly disparate systems of punishment employ the same set of punishment logics and technologies to spatially regulate populations of color, which produces and reifies racial projects. Advancing a theoretical framework called carceral migrations, we argue that governments use legal punishment to force, restrict, and prevent movement as a racializing project of settler empire and anti-Blackness. Carceral migrations extend understandings of mass incarceration beyond confinement and holding by articulating three major points. First, the state’s regulation of populations’ spatial trajectories is punishment by design. Second, these spatially-oriented punishments operate as race-making and reinforcing technologies by producing punitive and recognizable spatial trajectories (or nontrajectories) for groups of people of color. Third, despite appearing race neutral in language, the development and application of legal codes and policies have disparate impacts on the spatial trajectories of people of color.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"126 43","pages":"353 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41247854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Carceral Citizens Rising: Understanding Oppression Resistance Work through the Lens of Carceral Status 殡葬市民崛起：从殡葬现状看抗压工作
IF 2 3区 社会学
Social Service Review Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1086/719939
D. Woodall, S. Shannon
{"title":"Carceral Citizens Rising: Understanding Oppression Resistance Work through the Lens of Carceral Status","authors":"D. Woodall, S. Shannon","doi":"10.1086/719939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719939","url":null,"abstract":"We have all committed crimes, but few get caught. The distinction between carceral and conventional citizens is largely an illusion but one that affords great privileges to some and grave consequences for others. Rooted in critical feminist theorizing, intersectionality, and abolitionist scholarship, we extend Miller and Stuart’s conceptualization of carceral and conventional citizenship by embedding them in a social identity and system of power we call “carceral status” that intersects other categories like race, class, and gender. We draw from interviews with 32 formerly incarcerated activists to illustrate how carceral citizens experience “five faces of oppression” that define an oppressed group. Not only do they make material changes in institutions through their work, but they also symbolically restory themselves and transform the meaning of the carceral citizen category, providing new dignifying meanings to this aspect of identity. Our project introduces carceral status as a useful analytic tool for research and practice.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"96 1","pages":"308 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45251905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Bodies in the Building”: Incarceration’s Afterlife in a Reentry Housing Facility “大楼里的尸体”:再入监狱住房设施中囚犯的来世
IF 2 3区 社会学
Social Service Review Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1086/719858
Gretchen Purser, Madeleine Hamlin
{"title":"“Bodies in the Building”: Incarceration’s Afterlife in a Reentry Housing Facility","authors":"Gretchen Purser, Madeleine Hamlin","doi":"10.1086/719858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719858","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we examine the experiences of formerly incarcerated individuals living in a brand-new reentry housing facility in Syracuse, New York, that we call “New Beginnings.” At this site, a select group of returning residents are placed in permanent supportive housing or shelter beds. In analyzing the experiences of residents, we borrow from Avery Gordon’s conception of “haunting” to explain the seething presence of the prison in a facility designed for its afterlife. We find that despite intensive service provision intended to help residents move on from their carceral pasts, New Beginnings reanimates the specter of the prison for its formerly incarcerated residents. Throughout, we present New Beginnings as an illustrative case study that demonstrates the blurriness of prison boundaries and the contradictions of contemporary reentry programs and policies.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"96 1","pages":"169 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45478337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Southern Key: Class, Race, and Radicalism in the 1930s and 1940s. By Michael Goldfield. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. 432. $53.00 (cloth). 《南方钥匙》：20世纪30年代和40年代的阶级、种族和激进主义。作者：Michael Goldfield。纽约：牛津大学出版社，2020年。第432页$53.00（布）。
IF 2 3区 社会学
Social Service Review Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1086/719978
William Sites
{"title":"The Southern Key: Class, Race, and Radicalism in the 1930s and 1940s. By Michael Goldfield. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. 432. $53.00 (cloth).","authors":"William Sites","doi":"10.1086/719978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719978","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45791047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“We’re Here to Help”: Criminal Justice Collaboration among Social Service Providers across the Urban-Rural Continuum “我们在这里帮助”:城乡社会服务提供者之间的刑事司法合作
IF 2 3区 社会学
Social Service Review Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1086/719901
Jessica T. Simes, Erin Tichenor
{"title":"“We’re Here to Help”: Criminal Justice Collaboration among Social Service Providers across the Urban-Rural Continuum","authors":"Jessica T. Simes, Erin Tichenor","doi":"10.1086/719901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719901","url":null,"abstract":"Recent social movements have called for an end to mass incarceration and the diversion of funds from police and carceral institutions to social services. However, such a restructuring is limited without addressing the commonplace collaborations between criminal justice actors and social service practitioners. In an interview study with 66 social service providers who offer services to formerly incarcerated people, we examine practitioners’ relationships with the criminal justice system. Participants overwhelmingly report a reliance on direct collaboration with the criminal justice system to address a multiplicity of barriers people face when returning home to cities with weak social and economic infrastructures. Participants also described a moral frame situating themselves as mediators amid tensions between community members and the criminal justice system. Social service providers’ deep financial, logistical, and ideological entrenchment across the criminal justice system has several implications for the afterlife of mass incarceration and the capacity to reimagine justice.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"96 1","pages":"268 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46720565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Lost Time: Family Reintegration following a Youth Life Sentence 《逝去的时光:青少年终身监禁后的家庭重新融入》
IF 2 3区 社会学
Social Service Review Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1086/719900
D. M. Washington, D. Applegarth, Kaylyn C. Canlione, Laura S. Abrams
{"title":"Lost Time: Family Reintegration following a Youth Life Sentence","authors":"D. M. Washington, D. Applegarth, Kaylyn C. Canlione, Laura S. Abrams","doi":"10.1086/719900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719900","url":null,"abstract":"In this phenomenological study, we seek to understand how former juvenile lifers, now middle-aged adults, navigate lost time and life course disruption in the context of family reintegration. Nine men who were incarcerated for an average of 27 years participated in multiple in-depth interviews. Life course theory, social support theory, and ambiguous loss theory are drawn upon to provide insights into their experiences of family reintegration and forging new family relationships following lengthy periods of incarceration that began as a youth. The concept of “lost time” encompasses major themes, including missing large portions of family members’ life spans, experiencing losses and major transitions, facing barriers to reconnecting, and attempting to forge new family relationships to make up for long developmental delays. Viewed through a life course lens, this study provides insight into the far-reaching consequences of harsh sentencing for youths in the context of American mass incarceration.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"96 1","pages":"196 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47713495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Afterlife of Mass Incarceration, or What Does It Mean to Need a “Brute” in the Twenty-First Century? 大规模监禁的来龙去脉，还是二十一世纪需要一个“野蛮人”意味着什么？
IF 2 3区 社会学
Social Service Review Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1086/720275
R. Miller
{"title":"The Afterlife of Mass Incarceration, or What Does It Mean to Need a “Brute” in the Twenty-First Century?","authors":"R. Miller","doi":"10.1086/720275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720275","url":null,"abstract":"We live in troubling times. As I write this article, the Russian Federation has invaded Ukraine, bringing the horrors of war, once again, to continental Europe.Theworld cheers Ukrainian resistance, and surrounding nations have opened their borders to receive the millions of refugees forced by terror to flee their homes. But in a reminder that we live in a world that fears and criminalizes the “other,” holding them in disdain, African and Arab refugees have been plucked from trains and buses in their attempts to escape. They have been refused shelter in homes thatwelcomed their neighbors and made to know, inmyriadways, that they do not belong. This is unsurprising when considering the many moral panics about the danger of the foreignborn other. Refugees are often blamed for crime waves in the countries that receive them, despite there being little to no evidence of an actual spike in crime. Recent statements from the prime minister of Bulgaria explained","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"96 1","pages":"163 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48724020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Dual Debtors: Child Support and Criminal Legal Financial Obligations 双重债务人:子女抚养费和刑事法律财务义务
IF 2 3区 社会学
Social Service Review Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1086/720016
Veronica L. Horowitz, Kimberly Spencer-Suarez, Ryan Larson, R. Stewart, Frank Edwards, Emmi E. Obara, C. Uggen
{"title":"Dual Debtors: Child Support and Criminal Legal Financial Obligations","authors":"Veronica L. Horowitz, Kimberly Spencer-Suarez, Ryan Larson, R. Stewart, Frank Edwards, Emmi E. Obara, C. Uggen","doi":"10.1086/720016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720016","url":null,"abstract":"Child support arrears and criminal monetary sanctions are two forms of state-imposed debt that have gained increasing attention for their role in perpetuating inequality. Although past research recognizes that both groups of debtors tend to be socioeconomically disadvantaged and are disproportionately members of marginalized racial groups, the overlap between these populations has not been examined. Our study uses administrative data to link individuals from both groups, providing the first description and comparison of three populations of debtors—those with only criminal legal debt, those with only child support debt, and those with both types of debt—highlighting disparities and the compounding nature of both types of debt. We then draw on 30 in-depth semistructured interviews with individuals subject to state surveillance from both forms of debt, emphasizing three key themes that emerged: debt as carceral vulnerability, the relative salience of each type of debt, and perceptions of fairness.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"96 1","pages":"226 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44786661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Improved loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in human cells concomitant with inhibition of TGF-β signaling. 在抑制 TGF-β 信号传导的同时，改进人类细胞中功能缺失 CRISPR-Cas9 基因组编辑。
IF 1.5 3区 社会学
Social Service Review Pub Date : 2022-03-08 eCollection Date: 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.03.003
Tarun Mishra, Vipin Bhardwaj, Neha Ahuja, Pallavi Gadgil, Pavitra Ramdas, Sanjeev Shukla, Ajit Chande
{"title":"Improved loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in human cells concomitant with inhibition of TGF-β signaling.","authors":"Tarun Mishra, Vipin Bhardwaj, Neha Ahuja, Pallavi Gadgil, Pavitra Ramdas, Sanjeev Shukla, Ajit Chande","doi":"10.1016/j.omtn.2022.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omtn.2022.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strategies to modulate cellular DNA repair pathways hold immense potential to enhance the efficiency of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing platform. In the absence of a repair template, CRISPR-Cas9-induced DNA double-strand breaks are repaired by the endogenous cellular DNA repair pathways to generate loss-of-function edits. Here, we describe a reporter-based assay for expeditious measurement of loss-of-function editing by CRISPR-Cas9. An unbiased chemical screen performed using this assay enabled the identification of small molecules that promote loss-of-function editing. Iterative rounds of screens reveal Repsox, a TGF-β signaling inhibitor, as a CRISPR-Cas9 editing efficiency enhancer. Repsox invariably increased CRISPR-Cas9 editing in a panel of commonly used cell lines in biomedical research and primary cells. Furthermore, Repsox-mediated editing enhancement in primary human CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells enabled the generation of HIV-1-resistant cells with high efficiency. This study demonstrates the potential of transiently targeting cellular pathways by small molecules to improve genome editing for research applications and is expected to benefit gene therapy efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"202-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8961078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82800690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paying for Childcare to Work? Evaluating the Role of Policy in Affordable Care and Child Poverty 为工作中的儿童保育买单?评估政策在负担得起的护理和儿童贫困中的作用
IF 2 3区 社会学
Social Service Review Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1086/718635
R. Hartley, Marybeth J. Mattingly, J. Waldfogel, Christopher Wimer
{"title":"Paying for Childcare to Work? Evaluating the Role of Policy in Affordable Care and Child Poverty","authors":"R. Hartley, Marybeth J. Mattingly, J. Waldfogel, Christopher Wimer","doi":"10.1086/718635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718635","url":null,"abstract":"Unless parents have a family member at home who can provide care, most will need childcare to work and achieve career mobility. Existing policies to help families with child-care costs in the United States include means-tested subsidies and nonrefundable tax credits. Many low-income families are eligible for the means-tested benefits, yet receipt rates are low. These families are generally excluded from the Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit (CDCTC) because it is nonrefundable. We analyze two approaches to reduce child-care expenses for low-income working families: (1) making the CDCTC fully refundable and increasing its generosity and (2) providing subsidies to ensure families spend no more than the Department of Health and Human Services affordability guidelines suggest. We evaluate how much such policies would alleviate child poverty through reducing child-care costs and through increasing earnings by enabling parents to work more.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"96 1","pages":"34 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46875990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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