International Sociology最新文献

{"title":"Wenkai Sun, Population and Labor Market Policies in China’s Reform Process","authors":"Barbara Darimont","doi":"10.1177/02685809231194166a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231194166a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"596 - 597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45835900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Peaceful Civil Movement to Civil War and Sectarian Polarization: A Critical Review of Kevin Mazur’s Revolution in Syria: Identity, Networks, and Repression","authors":"Housamedden Darwish","doi":"10.1177/02685809231194134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231194134","url":null,"abstract":"This critical review delves into Kevin Mazur’s latest publication, Revolution in Syria: Identity, Networks, and Repression (2021), which scrutinizes the transformation of a peaceful civil movement into a civil war characterized by ethnic divisions. The review offers a comprehensive assessment of Mazur’s approach to answering the pivotal question: How did the Syrian conflict evolve along ethnic lines? Spanning 306 pages, the book’s central premise revolves around the notion that the Syrian uprising’s evolution into an ethnicized conflict can be attributed to a confluence of factors, with the predominant catalyst being the ethnically exclusive nature of the incumbent political regime. Of particular interest in this review is the emphasis on the sectarian or ethnic perspective – a prominent lens used to analyse the political and societal landscapes of the Islamicate Arab world. Mazur’s ethno-sectarian perspective, commendably, avoids succumbing to primordial essentialism. However, this review contends that a critical appraisal is warranted regarding Mazur’s conceptualization of Syrians’ identities solely through religious, ethnic, or sectarian affiliations. Similarly, the presumption that these affiliations inherently explain attitudes towards both the ruling regime and the uprising against it raises valid concerns. One notable critique lies in the characterization of Syrians within Mazur’s narrative. Strikingly, absent are depictions of Syrians as a unified populace, individual actors or civic entities. This stems from the book’s classification framework, which hinges on two primary criteria: an ethnic-sectarian criterion and a local or regional one. This duality, while serving analytical purposes, potentially undermines the complexity and diversity inherent within Syrian society. In conclusion, this review acknowledges the significant contributions of Mazur’s book, recognizing its role in shedding light on the ethnicized trajectory of the Syrian conflict. Nonetheless, it urges cautious contemplation of the assumptions underpinning the ethnic-sectarian perspective. The book’s dual classification approach warrants critical consideration for its potential to oversimplify the multifaceted nature of Syrian identities. Thus, while appreciating the book’s value, this review underscores the need to acknowledge its limitations in fostering a comprehensive understanding of the Syrian conflict’s intricate dynamics.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"552 - 561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49170914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Michael Burawoy, Public Sociology","authors":"P. Baert","doi":"10.1177/02685809231194135a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231194135a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"565 - 567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46575176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terje Ostebo (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Islam in Africa","authors":"Adfer Rashid Shah","doi":"10.1177/02685809231194135b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231194135b","url":null,"abstract":"Third, even if we agree with the principle of public sociology, does it really need to be encouraged or promoted within the academy? Given, as acknowledged by Burawoy, that there is already public sociology conducted elsewhere, why would we need to embark upon this exercise within a university and professional research setting? How would, for instance, academic recruitment be affected by Burawoy’s stance? If we were to follow his stance, should we recruit junior academics whose political commitments (and political associations) align with ours? Should we evaluate students’ work (including PhDs) on a similar basis? One can see that this easily leads to a problematic and at worst sectarian academic culture. Fourth, there is a broader methodological issue, one that is intimately connected to Burawoy’s insistence that public sociologists are supposed to learn as much from the publics that they serve, as these publics do from them. If this is indeed his position and that of his fellow public sociologists, then various questions arise. Most importantly, how reliable is this ‘local’ knowledge generated by the public(s) and how do public sociologists evaluate this knowledge? Would it not be vital, especially in some circumstances, for public sociologists to take critical distance from his knowledge provided by their public(s)? Similarly, what distinguishes expertise in the social sciences from the knowledge generated by the publics?","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"567 - 570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43908782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Class structure without politics or history?","authors":"Lauri von Pfaler","doi":"10.1177/02685809231194130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231194130","url":null,"abstract":"This review essay considers Vivek Chibber’s social theory of capitalism critically and develops some of the themes that a historicist social theory of capitalist stability should integrate theoretically. I start by outlining Chibber’s notable book and present its key claim about the materiality and primacy of class structure in terms of economic decision-making. I then point out the limits and antinomies of structural theory as a historical explanation, sketch the contours of a historicist methodology and provide examples of three political phenomena that are irreducible to the class structure but that have been central for the reproduction of capitalism. The final section considers the political consequences of my historicist criticism of Chibber.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"541 - 551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47460044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diane Vaughan, Dead Reckoning: Air Traffic Control, System Effects, and Risk","authors":"Daniel Little","doi":"10.1177/02685809231194166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231194166","url":null,"abstract":"Her ethnographic research leads her to a key conclusion: the fundamental factor providing resilience to the air traffic control system is the embodied socio-cognitive capacities and problem-solving abilities of the air traffic controllers themselves. Vaughan’s method is that of sociological ethnography. She examines the nature of the workplace, the inter-actor practices and relationships that exist in a control tower, and the rules and values that govern the culture of the controllers’ work lives. This approach requires immersion in the working lives and workspaces of the specialist controllers who are the object of her study. Her fieldwork was remarkably intensive and extended, involving lengthy periods of ‘participant-observer’ research at four Boston-area traffic control facilities. Her results derive from several different research activities: structured and unstructured interviews of participants, surveys of a larger number of individuals working within the air traffic control system, and her own annotated observations of activities, events, and practices within the control rooms themselves. Vaughan establishes that the controllers operate on the basis of constantly updated mental models of the airspace they are controlling, projecting forward the locations of the aircraft in their space. She refers to this cognitive capacity as ‘ethno-cognition’ and a specialized kind of ‘interpretive work’. Much of her research time was devoted to observing this situated social cognition in action in several air traffic control centers, and in seeking to understand the processes through which ordinary men and women gain the specialized embodied cognitive skills to be effective air traffic controllers. 1194166 ISS0010.1177/02685809231194166International SociologyReviews: Organizations and Labour review-article2023","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"593 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47717511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"徐宗阳 [Xu Zongyang], 内外有别：资本下乡的社会基础 [Varied Attitudes Toward Insiders and Outsiders: The Social Context of Capital Going to the Countryside]","authors":"Hanze Xu","doi":"10.1177/02685809231194165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231194165","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the value of rural Chinese areas has become increasingly prominent with the abolition of agricultural taxes, reform of rural land policy, and emphasis on rural agriculture in national policymaking. This has attracted more industrial and commercial enterprises to invest in and develop these areas, a trend known as ‘capital going to the countryside’. This has become a new phenomenon in rural China and is the empirical phenomenon on which the book focuses. Varied Attitudes Toward Insiders and Outsiders: The Social Context of Capital Going to the Countryside explores the social logic of capital going to the countryside based on an investigation of a corporate farm’s living conditions after moving to the northern Chinese countryside. Why is the industrial and commercial capital that funds agricultural operations in the countryside prone to slow progress? What difficulties and problems are prominent in these entrepreneurial farms ? What are the specific mechanisms and reasoning behind this phenomenon? These are the core issues that the book addresses. Unlike prior literature, which has attributed the failure of capital going to the countryside to issues related to supervision, incentives, and funds, Xu regards it as the bumpy interaction between external capital and rural society and summarizes it as an action logic of ‘varied attitudes toward insiders and outsiders’. In the literature review in chapter 2, Xu first examines the phenomenon of capital going to the countryside based on the macroscopic structural background of China’s urbanization model and government behavior transformation. After the tax-sharing reform, Chinese local governments’ transformation from operating businesses to operating land and the return of a significant number of resources and projects to the countryside have provided opportunities for capital to go to the countryside. Xu suggests that the outsider plight resulting from this phenomenon cannot be understood simply as a business management problem. Instead, we should probe into corporate behavior’s cultural, value, and ethical aspects and uncover the ingrained concepts behind interactions between farmers and business operators (p. 41). 1194165 ISS0010.1177/02685809231194165International SociologyReview: Economic Sociology review-article2023","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"589 - 592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47379117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jennifer Carlson, Merchants of the Right: Gun Sellers and the Crisis of American Democracy","authors":"David Yamane","doi":"10.1177/02685809231194154a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231194154a","url":null,"abstract":"Economist Intelligence (2023) Democracy Index 2022: Frontline Democracy and the Battle for Ukraine. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. Fukuyama F (2012) The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution. London: Profile Books. Olson M (2000) Power and Prosperity: Outgrowing Communist and Capitalist Dictatorships. New York: Basic Books. Rachman G (2022) The Age of the Strongman: How the Cult of the Leader Threatens Democracy around the World. New York: Other Press. Schluchter W (1985) Aspekte bürokratischer Herrschaft: Studien zur Interpretation der fortschreitenden Industriegesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. Weber M (2005) Max Weber-Gesamtausgabe, Band I/22,4: Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Herrschaft (ed E Hanke and T Kroll). Tübingen: Mori Siebeck.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"574 - 577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46658198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socorro: Persistent bricoleurs at the urban margins","authors":"Javier Auyero, Sofía Servián","doi":"10.1177/02685809231183332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231183332","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the ways in which the urban poor in Argentina help one another in the arduous task of making ends meet when neither the formal labor market nor state welfare policies are able to secure their subsistence. Drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, the article makes one substantive, one analytic, and one theoretical claim. Substantively, the article argues by way of empirical illustration that the urban poor are hardworking bricoleurs. Analytically, the article demonstrates the advantages of studying poor people’s strategies in a simultaneously historic and ethnographic fashion through joint collaborative fieldwork. Theoretically, the article pushes toward replacing the notions of ‘strategy of survival or subsistence’ with the more encompassing notion of ‘strategy of persistence’.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"413 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42093401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital-social construction of willingness to pay in online marketplace: Economic sociology of the digital functional food market in Indonesia","authors":"Ahmad Fauzi, S. Hardjosoekarto, Radhiatmoko Radhiatmoko, O. Herwantoko, Darwan Darwan, Ewina Efriani Manik, Zainur Romli","doi":"10.1177/02685809231183328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231183328","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the phenomenon of digital-social construction in the form of anonymous transactions, asymmetric information, and unlimited access in online marketplace. The study was conducted by processing digital data of 5131 comments, descriptions, and rating records of 1988 IDs of functional food products sold at Bukalapak, one of the largest marketplaces in Indonesia. Using Python and Google Studio software, digital-social interactions are mapped and visualized based on four conceptual frameworks of economic sociology, namely social embeddedness of market, product standardization, intersubjective construction of symbolic value, and willingness to pay. This study marks a new chapter in the study of contemporary economic sociology, in which conventional conceptual frameworks are applied to uncover digital market phenomena using research methods that fully process and analyze big data in the business field.","PeriodicalId":47662,"journal":{"name":"International Sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"517 - 538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48130351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}