{"title":"Negotiating Normalcy: Epistemic Errors in Self-Diagnosing Late-ADHD.","authors":"Alexandra Brandt Ryborg Jønsson","doi":"10.1007/s11013-024-09888-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11013-024-09888-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, I share insights from ongoing ethnographic fieldwork among adult Danes who identify as having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) but do not meet the clinical standards and have yet to receive a diagnosis. These individuals are particularly relevant to the ongoing debates about under- and overdiagnosis of ADHD, as their claims to the diagnosis influence and mirror societal perceptions of what is considered normal and what is seen as a condition. Despite their symptoms not strictly meeting diagnostic criteria, thus risking overdiagnosis and associated psychiatric labeling, they perceive themselves as distinct from 'normal' people. Through a critical anthropological lens, I argue that medicalizing variations in human personality represents a contemporary societal epistemic error, drawing on Gregory Bateson's work. I highlight the dynamics of diagnosis versus notions of normality in diagnosing and self-diagnosing ADHD. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for addressing concerns of overdiagnosis as well as underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis. By illuminating the complexities of diagnostic processes and their societal implications, I aim to contribute to a richer understanding of mental health discourse and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":47634,"journal":{"name":"Culture Medicine and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"369-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intimacy, Anonymity, and \"Care with Nothing in the Way\" on an Abortion Hotline.","authors":"Jennifer Karlin, Caroline C Hodge","doi":"10.1007/s11013-022-09810-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11013-022-09810-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This essay is an ethnographic account of a volunteer, anonymous hotline of physicians and advanced practice providers who offer medical advice and guidance to those who are taking medications on their own to end their pregnancies. Attending to the phenomenology of caring on the Hotline reveals a new form of medical expertise at play, which we call \"care with nothing in the way.\" By operating outside the State's scrutiny of abortion provision, the Hotline offers its volunteers a way to practice abortion care that aligns with their professional and political commitments and that distances them from the direct harm they see caused by the political, financial, and bureaucratic constraints of their clinical work. By delineating the structure of this new regime of care, these providers call into question the notion of the \"good doctor.\" They radically re-frame widely shared assumptions about the tenets of the ideal patient-doctor relationship and engender a new form of intimacy-one based, ironically, out of anonymity and not the familiarity that is often idealized in the caregiving relationship. We suggest the implications of \"care with nothing in the way\" are urgent, not only in the context of increasing hostility to abortion rights, but also for a culture of medicine plagued by physician burnout.</p>","PeriodicalId":47634,"journal":{"name":"Culture Medicine and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"127-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9707088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10632951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Living Dead: Trans Cooperations with Mad Necropolitics and the Mad Trans Coalitions that Might Replace Them.","authors":"Wren Ariel Gould","doi":"10.1007/s11013-024-09884-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11013-024-09884-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trans subjectivities continue to be included in major compendia of mental illness, despite recent moves to depathologize \"cross-gender identification.\" Regardless, the inclusion of \"gender dysphoria\" is often framed as a formal mechanism to support access to gender affirming care as transgender subjectivities are re-conceptualized as part of sex/gender diversity and away from madness. The latter permits trans individuals to evade sanist oppressions. However, moves to disassociate from mad individuals also often serve to condone sanism. For instance, a contemporary policy landscape often sees transgender advocates arguing for the \"medical necessity\" of gender affirming care for gender dysphoria as a \"recognized medical condition,\" thereby skirting the inclusion of gender dysphoria as a psychiatric condition and implying that gender dysphoria carries a special ontological status that separates it from madness (reified as \"mental illness\"). More though, this framework endorses material violences toward mad individuals that are often advanced via the workings of the state to consign marginalized constituents to death by withholding the means of life, i.e., necropolitics. In the following, I argue that trans disassociations from madness often endorses or assents to mad necropolitics. Drawing from Mbembe's (Necropolitics. Duke University Press, Durham, 2019) framework, I suggest that medicalizing trans narratives, despite being used to object to anti-trans laws in contemporary context, ideologically support mad \"death worlds\" organized through the U.S.A. welfare state and prison industrial complex. However, I also suggest alternative strategies, i.e., intersectional collaboration, that may uplift mad and/or trans communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47634,"journal":{"name":"Culture Medicine and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"205-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Movie Monday Archives: Chronicling Twenty-Six Years of Showing Films in a Psychiatric Hospital Theatre.","authors":"Bruce Wallace, Bruce Saunders","doi":"10.1007/s11013-025-09900-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11013-025-09900-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A teaching theatre in a local psychiatric hospital was transformed into an ex-patient's Theatre of Dreams for over two decades as he hosted weekly events that welcomed patients from the wards, ex-patients and the general public to become an audience together. Movie Monday was a unique and innovative free weekly media arts programme that would become a valued community-arts programme that brought people together to be entertained while simultaneously addressing some of the society's most pressing and often divisive issues. The project ended when COVID locked down the hospital theatre. Now, the Movie Monday Archives are available to anyone online through Madness Canada. The Archives are a repository for the weekly programmes as well as special events such as the Reel Madness Film Festivals, and writings, photos, financial and programme details, and more. The Movie Monday Archives preserve this history of a local consumer-based initiative that engaged the arts to address mental health stigma and provide practical information of a potential model to build future initiatives elsewhere.</p>","PeriodicalId":47634,"journal":{"name":"Culture Medicine and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"396-398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Care Compromised: Cases from a Jail Medical Ward.","authors":"Liza Buchbinder","doi":"10.1007/s11013-025-09902-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11013-025-09902-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47634,"journal":{"name":"Culture Medicine and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"169-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chinese in France amid the Covid-19 Pandemic: Daily Lives, Racial Struggles and Transnational Citizenship of Migrants and Descendants, edited by Simeng Wang: Brill, 2023, 365 pp. : Redefining Anti-Asian Racism among Chinese Diaspora in France during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Sabrina Lin","doi":"10.1007/s11013-024-09890-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-024-09890-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47634,"journal":{"name":"Culture Medicine and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When Multispecies Ethnography Encounters a Shelter-Based Clinic: Uncovering Ecological Factors for Cultural Psychiatry.","authors":"Vincent Laliberté","doi":"10.1007/s11013-024-09883-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11013-024-09883-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Through a longstanding collaboration, psychiatrists and anthropologists have assessed the impact of sociocultural context on mental health and elaborated the concept of culture in psychiatry. However, recent developments in ecological anthropology may have untapped potential for cultural psychiatry. This paper aims to uncover how \"ecologies\" inform patients' and clinicians' experiences, as well as their intersubjective relationships. Drawing on my ethnography with Jerome, a carriage driver who became my patient in a shelter-based psychiatric clinic, and on anthropological work about how psychic life is shaped ecologically, I describe how more-than-human relationality and the affordances of various places-a clinic and a stable-influenced both Jerome's well-being and my perceptions as a clinician. I also explore how these ecologies shaped our different roles, including my dual roles as psychiatrist and ethnographer. In the discussion, I define ecological factors, describe their implications for clinical practice, and suggest how they could be integrated into DSM's cultural formulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47634,"journal":{"name":"Culture Medicine and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"875-899"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaishali V Raval, Baiju Gopal, Pankhuri Aggarwal, Miriam Priti Mohan, P Padmakumari, Elizabeth Thomas, Aaron M Luebbe, M Cameron Hay
{"title":"Training in Cultural Competence for Mental Health Care: A Mixed-Methods Study of Students, Faculty, and Practitioners from India and USA.","authors":"Vaishali V Raval, Baiju Gopal, Pankhuri Aggarwal, Miriam Priti Mohan, P Padmakumari, Elizabeth Thomas, Aaron M Luebbe, M Cameron Hay","doi":"10.1007/s11013-024-09867-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11013-024-09867-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the need to train clinicians to provide effective mental health care to individuals from diverse backgrounds has been recognized worldwide, a bulk of what we know about training in cultural competence (CC) is based on research conducted in the United States. Research on CC in mental health training from different world populations is needed due to the context-dependent nature of CC. Focusing on India and USA, two diverse countries that provide complementary contexts to examine CC, we explored graduate students', practicing clinicians', and faculty members' perspectives regarding CC training they received/provided and future training needs using mixed-methods. The data were collected using focus groups (n = 25 groups total: 15 in India, 11 in USA), and a survey (n = 800: 450 in India, 350 in USA). Our data highlight the salient social identities in these countries, and the corresponding constituents of CC training. Participants in India described a practical emphasis to their CC training (e.g., learning about CC through life experiences and clinical practice experiences) more so than through coursework, whereas participants in USA described varying levels of coursework related to CC along with practice. Participants in both countries considered enormity of CC as a challenge, while those in the US also identified CC training limited to a white, straight, male perspective, hesitancy in engaging with diversity topics, and limited time and competence of the faculty. Strengths of CC training in India and USA are mutually informative in generating recommendations for enhancing the training in both countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":47634,"journal":{"name":"Culture Medicine and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"699-730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11570552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141493869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medical Returnees: Somali Canadians Seeking Psychosocial and Spiritual Care in East Africa.","authors":"Mohamed Ibrahim","doi":"10.1007/s11013-024-09869-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11013-024-09869-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The refugee experience has been associated with increased rates of psychosocial challenges. At the same time, evidence suggests that those who resettled in Western countries including Canada underutilize the formal mental health services in these countries. The low uptake has been attributed to barriers such as language, complexity of the health systems, and differing explanatory models of illness. The same is true for Somali refugees in the West. Studies suggest that Somali refugees prefer spiritual healing for psychosocial illness and that some return to East Africa for such healing. However, little is known about Somali Canadian's experiences with the Canadian mental health services and transnational health seeking. The study aimed to understand psychosocial challenges faced by Somali Canadians, their health seeking behaviors, and service utilization. Because some sought psychosocial services outside the country, fieldwork was conducted in Kenya to provide new evidence on transnational healing services. Ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews were utilized. Thirty-seven interviews of about an hour each were undertaken. Fieldwork in Nairobi focused on spiritual healing centers and medical clinic. The findings reveal important findings regarding psychosocial challenges experienced by participants. It discusses psychosocial illnesses as variedly experienced, challenges with accessing Canadian healthcare services, and seeking culturally appropriate services in East Africa. The study highlights participants and their families struggle with psychosocial distress, the challenges of accessing culturally appropriate services within Canada, the role of spiritual healers and the existence of transnational health seeking practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":47634,"journal":{"name":"Culture Medicine and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"731-746"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Mars, Jeff Ondocsin, Kimberly A Koester, Valerie Mars, Gerald Mars, Daniel Ciccarone
{"title":"\"I Heard of PrEP-I Didn't Think I Needed it.\" Understanding the Formation of HIV Risk Perception Among People Who Inject Drugs.","authors":"Sarah Mars, Jeff Ondocsin, Kimberly A Koester, Valerie Mars, Gerald Mars, Daniel Ciccarone","doi":"10.1007/s11013-024-09870-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11013-024-09870-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis medication (PrEP) to prevent HIV among people who inject drugs (PWID) remains extremely low in the United States. West Virginia's rising HIV incidence and highest drug overdose rate in the nation makes it an important locus for opioid use and HIV risk interaction. In this pilot study we pioneered the use of Cultural Theory among PWID to understand HIV-related risk perception arising from four contrasting modes of social organization. Carried out during an HIV outbreak, we explored PrEP uptake qualitatively as a window onto risk perception. Of the 26 interviewees, 18 were HIV- and despite the medication's free availability from the health center where recruitment took place, none had taken PrEP, half considering they were not at risk. Intimate couples who showed characteristics of 'enclaves' considered the boundary around themselves protective against HIV, creating a safe space or 'invisible risk group'. Higher HIV risk was perceived among those who were housed compared to those living homeless. Beliefs about the causation of the local HIV outbreak and the validity of scientific research corresponded with characteristics of the contrasting modes of social organization and the approach is promising for informing public health interventions among PWID.</p>","PeriodicalId":47634,"journal":{"name":"Culture Medicine and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"747-767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11570555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}