Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health最新文献

{"title":"Engaging hard-to-reach men-who-have-sex-with-men with sexual health screening: Qualitative interviews in an Australian sex-on-premises-venue and sexual health service.","authors":"Catriona Ooi,&nbsp;David A Lewis,&nbsp;Christy E Newman","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Compared with the general population in Australia, men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) have higher rates of HIV and sexually transmissible infections (STIs). Despite widespread advice to test regularly, a minority of these men remain \"hard to reach.\" We undertook qualitative interviews with a group of such men in Sydney to better understand their views and experiences in relation to sexual health screening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted semi-structured interviews with men engaging with HIV/STI screening services at a sex-on-premises-venue and the local Sexual Health Service in Greater Western Sydney. We analyzed these data for content and themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sexual behaviors and identities were diverse, often discordant and compartmentalized from everyday lives. Overall, reported HIV/STI knowledge was poor and men did not see themselves at risk of HIV/STIs regardless of sexual behavior. Men took calculated risks and balanced with pleasure and escapism. Reasons for avoidance of testing included fear, unwillingness to disclose behavior, privacy concerns, and perceived low risk. Men viewed sexual health care as distinct from general health care. Service delivery preferences varied by service venue. Participants highlighted convenience, confidentiality, and trust as critical factors for a testing service.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A variety of testing options are needed to engage hard-to-reach MSM. Opportunities to enhance testing may include expanding health messaging, demystifying testing, and delinking sexual identity from sexual behavior and risk, thus promoting advantages of testing and establishing testing as standard of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"54 3","pages":"116-124"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/96/7a/PSRH-54-116.PMC9804729.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10483463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Ohio's proposed abortion bans would impact travel distance to access abortion care.","authors":"Payal Chakraborty, Stef Murawsky, Mikaela H Smith, Michelle L McGowan, Alison H Norris, Danielle Bessett","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12191","DOIUrl":"10.1363/psrh.12191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Since March 2021, the Ohio legislature has been actively considering laws that would ban abortion if the United States Supreme Court overturns the Roe v. Wade decision that legalized abortion nationally in 1973.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a national database of publicly advertised abortion facilities to calculate driving distances for Ohioans before and after the activation of proposed abortion bans. Using a legal analysis of abortion laws following the overturn of Roe, we determined which states surrounding Ohio would continue providing abortion care. We calculated distances from each Ohio county centroid to the nearest open abortion facility in three scenarios: (1) as of February 2022, (2) the best-case post-Roe scenario (two of the five surrounding states continue to offer abortion care), and (3) worst-case post-Roe scenario (no surrounding states continue to offer abortion care). We calculated population-weighted distances using county-level data about women aged 15-44 years from the 2019 American Community Survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In February 2022, all Ohio county centroids were at most 99 miles from an abortion facility (median = 50 miles). The best-case post-Roe scenario shows 62 of Ohio's 88 counties to be 115-279 miles away from the nearest facility (median = 146). The worst-case shows 85 counties to be 191-339 miles away from the nearest facility (median = 264). The current average population-weighted driving distance from county centroid to the nearest facility is 26 miles; the post-Roe scenarios would increase this to 157 miles (best-case) or 269 miles (worst-case).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ohio's proposed abortion bans would substantially increase travel distances to abortion care, impacting over 2.2 million reproductive-aged Ohioans.</p>","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"54 1","pages":"54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9324164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47032632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The frequency of pregnancy recognition across the gestational spectrum and its consequences in the United States","authors":"Katie Watson, C. Angelotta","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12192","url":null,"abstract":"People recognize they are pregnant at gestational ages ranging from implantation to delivery, yet there is no comprehensive study that identifies the prevalence of pregnancy recognition at different points across this spectrum in the United States. To help clinicians, policymakers, researchers, educators, and public health advocates understand what is known about the spectrum of pregnancy recognition, this commentary integrates key research in three types of literature that have not been brought together before—retrospective studies of people who carried a pregnancy to term, studies of pregnant people presenting for abortion care, and postpartum studies of people who did not recognize their pregnancy until between 20 weeks and delivery. Our commentary also offers a corrective to the psychiatric literature’s inaccurate description of later pregnancy recognition as “pregnancy denial,” which forecloses consideration of the physiological and sociological reasons a pregnancy might be undetected until after 20 weeks. The term “pregnancy recognition” does not have a standard definition, so in this commentary we repeat the meaning used by each article we discuss. For example, in some research “pregnancy recognition” refers to the gestational age at which a person self-reports that they knew they were pregnant, but that research does not specify whether the subject is referring to a personal conclusion based on the first missed period or other pregnancy symptoms, a positive result from a home pregnancy test, or receiving the news (or confirmation of a home test) via urine test or ultrasound from a physician. In addition, some of these studies do not ask respondents whether they are counting weeks from when they believe fertilization occurred, from the first day of their last menstrual period (LMP), or somewhere in between. There is also no standard definition of “late pregnancy recognition,” so we state the meaning each article discussed ascribes to this term as well. Research on “pregnancy recognition” typically treats this phenomenon as an instantaneous, binary process—an informational switch is flipped and an unrecognized pregnancy becomes a recognized pregnancy. However, Peacock and colleagues argue that pregnancy discovery should be understood as a complex process which includes the phases of assessing pregnancy risk, perceiving and correctly interpreting signs and symptoms, and seeking confirmation, and that pregnancy should be acknowledged as a socially constructed phenomenon as well as a biological reality. Similarly, Bell and Fissell suggest that the binary model of pregnant versus not pregnant does not capture many women’s* experiences and propose an alternate model that emphasizes ambiguities in determining or confirming a pregnancy. A liminal state is the period or process when one is betwixt and between different social states. The time between conception and delivery has been analyzed as a transformative liminal experience between being a no","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"54 1","pages":"32 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43514409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who are the women who relinquish infants for adoption? Domestic adoption and contemporary birth motherhood in the United States.","authors":"G. Sisson","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12193","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The social context of pregnancy decision-making has changed in recent decades in the United States (US), but little research has examined how these changes manifest in the context of infant adoption.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000To create an updated profile of US birth mothers, this analysis uses demographic data collected and aggregated from six adoption agencies, with information on 8658 private adoptions that occurred between 2011 and 2020.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Based on this sample, birth mothers today are older and more racially and ethnically diverse than counterparts in previous generations; a majority have other had children and a substantial proportion were parenting other children at the time of relinquishment. They report living on low incomes and, when considered with other measures (e.g., employment, health insurance, homelessness), seem to lack the economic resources that would give them meaningful power over the options available to themselves and their children. Most birth mothers contact agencies late in their pregnancies or after delivery, at a point when abortion care is likely inaccessible or unavailable. An important minority of birth mothers will relinquish more than one infant for adoption over the course of their reproductive lives.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Given the underlying shift in the demographic profile of women who relinquish infants, it is likely that the underlying circumstances that lead to adoption have also diverged. More research is needed into how women make decisions about adoption; such research carries implications for how best to support women's decision-making and ensure access to needed services throughout pregnancy and beyond.","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44294742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is third‐trimester abortion exceptional? Two pathways to abortion after 24 weeks of pregnancy in the United States","authors":"K. Kimport","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12190","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Context In the United States, third‐trimester abortions are substantially more expensive, difficult to obtain, and stigmatized than first‐trimester abortions. However, the circumstances that lead to someone needing a third‐trimester abortion may have overlaps with the pathways to abortion at other gestations. Methods I interviewed 28 cisgender women who obtained an abortion after the 24th week of pregnancy using a modified timeline interview method. I coded the interviews thematically, focusing on characterizing the experience of deciding to obtain a third‐trimester abortion. Results I find two pathways to needing a third‐trimester abortion: new information, wherein the respondent learned new information about the pregnancy—such as of an observed serious fetal health issue or that she was pregnant—that made the pregnancy not (or no longer) one she wanted to continue; and barriers to abortion, wherein the respondent was in the third trimester by the time she was able to surmount the obstacles to abortion she faced, including cost, finding a provider, and stigmatization. These two pathways were not wholly distinct and sometimes overlapped. Conclusions The inherent limits of medical knowledge and the infeasibility of ensuring early pregnancy recognition in all cases illustrate the impossibility of eliminating the need for third‐trimester abortion. The similarities between respondents' experiences and that of people seeking abortion at other gestations, particularly regarding the impact of barriers to abortion, point to the value of a social conceptualization of need for abortion that eschews a trimester or gestation‐based framework and instead conceptualizes abortion as an option throughout pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"54 1","pages":"38 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45865828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex, poverty, and public health: Connections between sexual wellbeing and economic resources among US reproductive health clients.","authors":"Jenny A Higgins,&nbsp;Renee Kramer,&nbsp;Leigh Senderowicz,&nbsp;Bethany Everett,&nbsp;David K Turok,&nbsp;Jessica N Sanders","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To document associations between socioeconomics and indicators of sexual wellbeing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained our data from the HER Salt Lake Initiative, a large, longitudinal cohort study of family planning clients in the United States who accessed free contraceptive services between March 2016 and March 2017. Baseline socioeconomic measures included Federal Poverty Level, receipt of public assistance, and difficulty paying for housing, food, and other necessities. Sexual wellbeing measures assessed sexual functioning and satisfaction, frequency of orgasm, and current sex-life rating. Among participants who had been sexually active in the last month (N = 2581), we used chi-square tests to examine bivariate associations between sexual and socioeconomic measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found strong and consistent relationships between sexual wellbeing and economic resources: those reporting more socioeconomic constraints also reported fewer signs of sexual flourishing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Financial scarcity appears to constrain sexual wellbeing. To support positive sexual health, the public health field must continue to focus on economic reform, poverty reduction, and dismantling of structural classism as critical aspects of helping people achieve their full health and wellbeing potential. ClinialTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02734199.</p>","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"54 1","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/38/75/PSRH-54-25.PMC9035091.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10037281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“I'm Going to Be Forced to Have a Baby”: A Study of Covid-19 Abortion Experiences on Reddit","authors":"Laura Jacques, T. Valley, Shimin Zhao, M. Lands, Natalie Rivera, Jenny A. Higgins","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4118568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4118568","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68700241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48387576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study of a health coaching intervention to improve contraceptive continuation in adolescent and young adult women in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","authors":"Aletha Y Akers, Ava Skolnik, Gabrielle DiFiore, Jennifer Harding, C Alix Timko","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12188","DOIUrl":"10.1363/psrh.12188","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Few interventions to improve contraceptive continuation are tailored to meet the developmental needs of young women under age 25 years. The Health Coaching for Contraceptive Continuation (HC3) intervention was designed to address this gap. In this special report, we describe the rationale for using health coaching, conceptual framework, intervention processes, and findings from a single-arm feasibility study of the intervention protocol.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methodology: &lt;/strong&gt;Health coaching is a person-centered behavioral change approach organized around five main strategies: providing education relevant to health goals, building health self-management skills, offering patient-centered counseling, identifying barriers to adherence, and fostering personal accountability for achieving health goals. We used these strategies to affect theory-driven mediators delineated in the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction (intentions, knowledge, attitudes, perceived social norms, and self-efficacy) and clinical mediators posited to change through program participation (shared contraceptive decision-making, method satisfaction, quality of life, distress tolerance, experiential avoidance, patient-coach alliance, and expectations of treatment effect). Experienced sexual health educators completed a manualized, 4-week health training program adapted from the National Society of Health Coaches. Between March and December 2017, we recruited a convenience sample of sexually-active women ages 14-21 years who initiated a new contraceptive in the prior 14 days from three urban pediatric clinics in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At baseline, participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, contraceptive needs assessment interview, and prioritized reproductive topics to learn more about. We synthesized these data into a coaching plan that guided the monthly coaching sessions which occurred for 6 months following contraceptive initiation. We assessed method adherence and continuation with monthly follow-up questionnaires and corroborated the findings through electronic medical record and pharmacy refill data review. Exit interviews assessed program acceptability. Feasibility outcomes measured throughout the protocol administration included recruitment and retention success. We used descriptive statistics to assess baseline and follow up questionnaire measures and audio-recorded and transcribed exit interviews verbatim. Two independent coders used deductive and inductive content analysis coding approaches to identify themes related to program acceptability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of 92 women approached for the longitudinal intervention, 33 enrolled. Participants' mean age was 17.4 ± 2.1 years. Most were Black (n = 24), in high school (n = 23), and single/never-married (n = 31). Twenty-one completed ≥4 coaching sessions. Among the 23 for whom 6-month contraceptive continuation could be determined, 20 continued their baseli","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"53 3-4","pages":"27-43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40317630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12181","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44173956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}