Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 and Immigrants' Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in the United States.","authors":"Sheila Desai, Goleen Samari","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12150","url":null,"abstract":"In recent months, some of the impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care needs, decisions and access across the globe have become evident.1,2 In the United States, the Trump administration has unjustly blamed migrants for the COVID-19 pandemic, exploiting this public health crisis to further its long-standing xenophobic agenda and prompting a de facto shutdown of the U.S. immigration system. Yet immigrant communities—particularly those of color—are among the hardest hit by this virus, largely as a result of intersecting inequities based on migration status, race and socioeconomic position, all of which contribute to unequal access to quality health care.3 The perilous health impact of COVID-19 on immigrants in the country has been highlighted by the fact that Latinx individuals, one-third of whom are immigrants,4 are becoming infected and hospitalized at substantially higher rates than are U.S.-born white individuals.5 Noticeably absent from the public discussion is an intersectional consideration of how the public health response to the pandemic may affect access to SRH care for immigrants in the United States. Immigrants represent 14% (44.4 million people) of the U.S. population and account for 17% of women of reproductive age and 23% of births.6 Although immigrants’ SRH is not currently well documented, many immigrant groups face intractable social, economic and political barriers to obtaining A cc ep te d A rti cl e","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"52 2","pages":"69-73"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1363/psrh.12150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38039635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Abortion Bans and Their Implications for Public Health.","authors":"Rachel K Jones, Laura Lindberg, Elizabeth Witwer","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12139","url":null,"abstract":"The American Public Health Association (APHA) has long recognized that access to abortion is a fundamental right and an important component of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care. 1 However, under the guise of trying to protect the U.S. public during the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of states have called this right into question. Some politicians have attempted to exploit the current public health crisis to further prohibit or limit access to abortion care, claiming that it is nonessential and that medical resources and personal protective equipment (PPE) need to be redirected to other medical needs and procedures. It is too soon to measure the public health impact of these new and proposed abortion bans. Indeed, even trying to identify the states in which these bans are in eff ect is a moving target, as many states’ attempts to undermine abortion care have been blocked by litigation that has forced these controversial eff orts into the courts. But we can draw on what we know from prior attempts to ban or otherwise limit access to abortion in the United States to anticipate the public health impact of these policies. In this viewpoint, we focus on a well-established body of scientifi c evidence to identify the potential public health implications of the bans on both the individuals seeking abortions and the clinics that provide this care.","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"52 2","pages":"65-68"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1363/psrh.12139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37934806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Young Adult Sexual Minorities.","authors":"Alison D Swiatlo, Nicole F Kahn, Carolyn T Halpern","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12138","DOIUrl":"10.1363/psrh.12138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Intimate partner violence (IPV) among sexual minority young adults has been understudied, and victimization and perpetration estimates are needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on 13,653 women and men aged 24-32 who participated in Wave 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were used to examine associations between sexual orientation and IPV perpetration and victimization in respondents' current or most recent relationship. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations between respondent characteristics and three IPV categories (physical violence, threatened violence and forced sex).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Some 94% of males and 80% of females identified as 100% heterosexual; 4% of males and 16% of females as mostly heterosexual; 1% of males and 2% of females as bisexual; and 2% of males and females as either mostly homosexual or 100% homosexual. Compared with their heterosexual counterparts, mostly heterosexual women were more likely to report having perpetrated or been a victim of physical IPV (odds ratios, 1.9 and 1.6, respectively), having threatened violence (2.0) and having been a victim of threatened violence and forced sex (1.6 for each); mostly heterosexual males were more likely to have been a perpetrator or victim of physical IPV (3.1 and 1.8, respectively) and a perpetrator of forced sex and threatened violence (2.0 and 1.8, respectively). Bisexual males had elevated odds of physical violence victimization (3.3) and forced sex victimization (4.9) and perpetration (5.0).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Some sexual minority groups are disproportionately affected by IPV, indicating a need for increased prevention efforts and for studies exploring the mechanisms underlying these differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"52 2","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669537/pdf/nihms-1581210.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37981439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents and Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Laura D Lindberg,&nbsp;David L Bell,&nbsp;Leslie M Kantor","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12151","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 public health crisis is having rapid and pro-found eff ects on how people around the world are living their lives. Adolescents and young adults (AYA) aged 12–24 in the United States are at low risk for hospitalization and death from COVID-19 compared with other age-groups. * However, the disease may aff ect other aspects of their physical, mental and social health. Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) touches upon all of these domains, and involves intimate relationships, sexual activity, contraceptive use and abortion care. Evidence of the SRH impacts of previous large-scale disruptions in the United States, including natural disasters 1 and the 2008 recession, 2 suggests that the current pandemic will have serious and sustained eff ects on young people. AYA will experience the current pandemic in ways that refl ect their unique developmental and cohort situations. 3 In this viewpoint, we review potential immedi-ate and longer term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the SRH needs and behaviors of AYA, and provide direct evidence of COVID-19 impacts where available.","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"52 2","pages":"75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1363/psrh.12151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38046052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive Autonomy Is Nonnegotiable, Even in the Time of COVID-19.","authors":"Leigh Senderowicz,&nbsp;Jenny Higgins","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12152","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has swept across the world, altering nearly every facet of contemporary life and causing behavioral and socioeconomic changes that seemed unthinkable a few months ago. The increased risks for human health include not just the dangers posed by the virus itself, but also the upheaval to the broader health care and societal landscapes, which has threatened access to critical sexual and reproductive health services. In this viewpoint, we describe how the pandemic has already posed challenges to reproductive autonomy in both the United States and globally, and then offer insights on how it may do so in the future. We conclude with a call not only to resist a rollback of access to reproductive health care during this pandemic, but to center a broad conception of reproductive autonomy in sexual and reproductive health research, policies and programs moving forward.","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"52 2","pages":"81-85"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1363/psrh.12152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38100664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"We Kind of Met In-Between\": A Qualitative Analysis of Young Couples' Relationship Dynamics and Negotiations About Pregnancy Intentions.","authors":"Stephanie Arteaga, Margaret Mary Downey, Bridget Freihart, Anu Manchikanti Gómez","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12136","DOIUrl":"10.1363/psrh.12136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The literature on reproductive decision making often focuses on women and neglects the role of men and the importance of relationship context. Research with couples is vital to understanding joint decision making regarding having children at various stages of a couple's relationship and an individual's life course.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In-depth, individual interviews were conducted with a socioeconomically, racially and ethnically diverse sample of 50 young heterosexual women and their male partners in northern California in 2015-2016. A dyadic, thematic analytic approach was used to examine whether and how prospective pregnancy intentions and current pregnancy desires are negotiated at the couple level, and how relationship dynamics influence any negotiation and decision-making processes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three couples described engaging in joint pregnancy decision making, which required purposeful communication and, for some, compromise and acceptance. For nearly all of these couples, these processes led to aligned prospective pregnancy intentions, even when current pregnancy desires differed. The remaining 27 couples described individual pregnancy decision-making processes; many respondents reported intentions that aligned with their partner's by happenstance, despite some respondents having avoided communicating their desires to their partner. Some of these couples faced relationship difficulties, including poor communication, leading some participants to misinterpret or be unaware of their partner's pregnancy intentions and desires.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The relationship context is important in the formulation of prospective pregnancy intentions among young people. Counseling protocols, interventions and policies that attend to the complex factors that influence young couples' pregnancy decision making are needed to better help couples attain their reproductive goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"52 2","pages":"87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8699581/pdf/nihms-1762796.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37905424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence, Frequency and Social Ecology of Sexual Concurrency Among Young Adult Women.","authors":"Abigail Weitzman, Yasamin Kusunoki","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12149","DOIUrl":"10.1363/psrh.12149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Sexual concurrency among women is associated with increased risks of STD transmission, unintended pregnancy and sexual health disparities. Understanding the prevalence of concurrency-overlapping sexual partnerships-is imperative to reducing these disparities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Weekly, population-representative panel data from 757 women aged 18-22, collected from 2008 to 2012 in Michigan, were drawn from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life study. Univariate analyses assessed the prevalence of two forms of sexual concurrency. Multivariate logistic regression models investigated associations between women's social-ecological characteristics and concurrency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty percent of women had vaginal intercourse with two partners in one week; 14% had intercourse with a second partner during an ongoing relationship. In both cases, the majority of individuals had intercourse with the second partner in one to three weeks in total. The likelihood of both types of concurrency was elevated among women who believed they should have sex with men after seeing them for a while (log-odds, 0.27 and 0.23, respectively) and among those who were Black (0.58 and 1.02, respectively); the likelihood was reduced among women who were more willing to refuse unwanted sex (-0.10 and -0.13, respectively) and who were in exclusive, cohabiting, or married or engaged relationships (-1.82 to -2.64). Having intercourse with multiple partners in one week was also associated with receiving sex education from parents, the degree that parents and friends approved of sex, and having had early intercourse without contraception.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sexual concurrency among young women is prevalent but intermittent, and interventions that address individuals' social-ecological contexts are needed to reduce negative health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"52 2","pages":"129-138"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8380409/pdf/nihms-1733716.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38156047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Educational Differentials in Female Sterilization.","authors":"Sarah R Hayford, Alexandra Kissling, Karen Benjamin Guzzo","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12137","DOIUrl":"10.1363/psrh.12137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Female surgical sterilization is widely used in the United States. Educational differentials in sterilization are large, but poorly understood. Improved understanding of these differences is important to ensure that all women have access to the full range of contraceptive methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the National Survey of Family Growth (1973-2015) from 8,100 women aged 40-44 were used to describe trends in sterilization and other contraceptive methods by educational attainment. Demographic standardization was employed to examine how compositional changes in marital status and age at first birth contribute to aggregate changes in sterilization prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 1982, women with a high school diploma and those with at least a bachelor's degree reported similar levels of sterilization use (38% and 32%, respectively), but by 2011-2015, prevalence had declined to 19% among college-educated women and had increased to 44% among those with a diploma. The trend among college graduates was largely attributable to delayed fertility; all other things being equal, if their age at first birth had not increased, the prevalence of sterilization would have declined by approximately 3% instead of 14% between 1982 and 2002. Increased use of sterilization among women with a high school diploma was only weakly related to changes in birth timing and marital status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among women with a high school diploma, elements other than childbearing and marital status-such as contraceptive preferences and access-appeared to influence their contraceptive behavior. Sterilization differentials between high school and college graduates may reflect or exacerbate other socioeconomic disparities that affect women's health and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"52 2","pages":"117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669611/pdf/nihms-1602335.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37983789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"My Hands Are Tied\": Abortion Restrictions and Providers' Experiences in Religious and Nonreligious Health Care Systems.","authors":"Lee A Hasselbacher,&nbsp;Luciana E Hebert,&nbsp;Yuan Liu,&nbsp;Debra B Stulberg","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Abortion is generally prohibited in Catholic hospitals, but less is known about abortion restrictions in other religiously affiliated health care facilities. As religiously affiliated health systems expand in the United States, it is important to understand how religious restrictions affect the practices of providers who treat pregnant patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From September 2016 to May 2018, in-depth interviews were conducted with 31 key informants (clinical providers, ethicists, chaplains and health system administrators) with experience working in secular, Protestant or Catholic health care systems in Illinois. A thematic content approach was used to identify themes related to participants' experiences with abortion policies, the role of ethics committees, the impact on patient care and conflicts with hospital policies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Few limitations on abortion were reported in secular hospitals, while Catholic hospitals prohibited most abortions, and a Protestant-affiliated system banned abortions deemed \"elective.\" Religiously affiliated hospitals allowed abortions in specific cases, if approved through an ethics consultation. Interpretation of system-wide policies varied by hospital, with some indication that institutional discomfort with abortion influenced policy as much as religious teachings did. Providers constrained by religious restrictions referred or transferred patients desiring abortion, including for pregnancy complications, with those in Protestant hospitals having more latitude to directly refer such patients. As a result of religiously influenced policies, patients could encounter delays, financial obstacles, restrictions on treatment and stigmatization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients seeking abortion or presenting with pregnancy complications at Catholic and Protestant hospitals may encounter more delays and fewer treatment options than they would at secular hospitals. More research is needed to better understand the implications for women's access to reproductive health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"52 2","pages":"107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1363/psrh.12148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38100660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy Intendedness by Maternal Disability Status and Type in the United States.","authors":"Willi Horner-Johnson,&nbsp;Mekhala Dissanayake,&nbsp;Justine P Wu,&nbsp;Aaron B Caughey,&nbsp;Blair G Darney","doi":"10.1363/psrh.12130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Societal views about sexuality and parenting among people with disabilities may limit these individuals' access to sex education and the full range of reproductive health services, and put them at increased risk for -unintended pregnancies. To date, however, no national population-based studies have examined pregnancy -intendedness among U.S. women with disabilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional analyses of data from the 2011-2013 and 2013-2015 waves of the National Survey of Family Growth were conducted; the sample included 5,861 pregnancies reported by 3,089 women. The proportion of pregnancies described as unintended was calculated for women with any type of disability, women with each of five types of disabilities and women with no disabilities. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship of disability status and type with pregnancy intendedness while adjusting for covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher proportion of pregnancies were unintended among women with disabilities than among women without disabilities (53% vs. 36%). Women with independent living disability had the highest proportion of unintended pregnancies (62%). In regression analyses, the odds that a pregnancy was unintended were greater among women with any type of disability than among women without disabilities (odds ratio, 1.4), and were also elevated among women with hearing disability, cognitive disability or independent living disability (1.5-1.9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Further research is needed to understand differences in unintended pregnancy by type and extent of disability. People with disabilities should be fully included in sex education, and their routine care should incorporate discussion of reproductive planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":47632,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1363/psrh.12130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9780361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}