Journal of Urban Technology最新文献

{"title":"Transit-Oriented Displacement or Community Dividends? Understanding the Effects of Smarter Growth on Communities","authors":"Jane M. Rongerude","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2021.2015988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2021.2015988","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"371 1","pages":"163 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82092403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planning First, Tools Second: Evaluating the Evolving Roles of Planning Support Systems in Urban Planning","authors":"Huaxiong Jiang, S. Geertman, P. Witte","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2022.2047395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2022.2047395","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Planning support systems (PSS), as geo-information technology instruments, have been developed to support planning as urban planning is becoming highly complex. Recent advances in new information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the context of smart cities have provided new potentials to enrich PSS-support functions, but they do not constitute a “silver bullet;” in fact, PSS’s potential roles in practice are impeded by fundamental and structural factors. This article argues that the evolving perceptions of planning together with the changing roles of PSS in supporting planning provide the foundations for solving these structural restrictions. It presents a genealogical exploration of planning thoughts and associated PSS supports over the past 70 years, which is cross-checked by the results of expert interviews. The analysis indicates that for a factual planning supportive role: (1) the focus on the urban planning issue at hand should be strengthened, since it determines the planning mode and the relevant PSS choice; (2) there is a need for a user-centered, demand-induced approach toward PSS developments in planning, aimed at better serving the real needs of PSS users and planning practices; and (3) and there is also a need for more sensitivity toward contextual factors in PSS developments and applications, since the specific contextual characteristics help to identify the complexity faced by planners and influence the relevant planning rationality and specific PSS to be applied. This article thus highlights the importance of considering planning support as a socio-technical innovation shaped through challenges in urban contexts and the relevant planning approaches applied to handle these challenges. Further recommendations are proposed for PSS developments and applications in future planning practice.","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"55 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89409665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planning Support for Smart Cities in the Post-COVID Era","authors":"Haozhi Pan, S. Geertman, B. Deal, Jungfeng Jiao, Bo Wang","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2022.2069938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2022.2069938","url":null,"abstract":"The need for smart cities has been dramatically altered due to the COVID-19 crisis. Information and communications technology (ICT) were critical amid the crisis outburst (contact tracing, health informatics, and remote service provisions), and will remain critical in the post-COVID-19 world where physical contacts are discouraged and replaced by remote working and online meetings (James et al., 2020). Smart city technologies, originally a “fashionable” branding strategy for ambitious cities, have become bread-and-butter infrastructures to support post-pandemic daily lives and work. The urgent need for smart cities expedited endeavors of equipping urban governance with these technologies, which make urban planners increasingly skeptical about how smart cities are planned, who plans them, and for whom they are planned (Jiang et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2021). Planning Support Systems (PSS) were once widely discussed in the literature of planning for smart cities, as they share common technical features including dashboards, largescale models, communication tools, and data systems. However, none of these technologies guarantee citizens’ equitable, inclusive, and sustainable access to smart cities. Two issues are associated with this—process and access. The process focuses on whether PSS can reinvent a governance model that plans along and even builds PSS from scratch together with outside partners and citizens (Barns, 2018). To realize broader collaboration in the process, access should be available through various channels including workshops, open-source web pages, and even smart phones (Lin and Benneker, 2021). This special issue, “Planning Support for Smart and Sustainable Cities” was first planned in November 2019, a time when the world did not have any idea about COVID-19, and it is published in 2022, when urban society has been completely re-shaped by COVID-19. The articles in this issue were either drafted, submitted, or revised amid the most difficult times of the crisis. Our special issue has seven accepted articles, which provide reflections on the unprecedented challenges, demands, and opportunities for smart cities and PSSs.","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"114 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79241527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Order Without Design: How Markets Shape Cities","authors":"Peter Wissoker","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2021.2018165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2021.2018165","url":null,"abstract":"During the many years of working in the field of Planning and Housing at municipal level, I often had flashes of insight that I classified as ‘realistic’, those being a reappraisal of the very specific situation on which I am working from a ‘land market’ point of view. Whether it was working at shielding urban agricultural land from use-change; building low-cost (and restitution) housing in District Six, or, fighting to retain low-income families in gentrifying areas, at the back of my head there was always a sense that after us officials have left said flashpoint, ‘markets’ will undo it all again. In fact, markets will return urban form back to what is ‘normal’ under capitalism.","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"166 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78134813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal Spatial Mobilities after the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Speculative View","authors":"A. Kellerman","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2022.2044743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2022.2044743","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article attempts to speculate on possible post-COVID-19 pandemic scenarios for daily and periodic touristic personal mobilities. Post-COVID-19 pandemic mobilities are assumed to reflect people’s basic needs for mobilities, their pre-pandemic, and pandemic mobility experiences, as well as societal-economic forces pushing for changes in mobility patterns. The article begins with explorations for the basic personal push and pull triggers for both daily and touristic mobilities, which can be assumed to have remained unchanged during and after the Coronavirus crisis. We then assess the significances of the COVID-19-related lockdowns, with some special attention given to new mobility habit formations, highlighting the differences between macro-societal imposed habit formations, typical to the pandemic, as compared to individual voluntary habit formations, typical of routine habit formations by individuals. It is speculated that the pre-COVID-19 physical and virtual mobility mix for social contacts will continue, added by virtual group meetings. Post-pandemic shopping will present growth of virtual, as compared to physical, shopping. Home-based work, which was modest before COVID-19, will become widely adopted following the end of the COVID-19 crisis. Finally, we argue for a post-pandemic increased need for touristic vacations, and daily leisure activities at times of more extensive home-based work.","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"145 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85622059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Situated, Yet Silent: Data Relations in Smart Street Furniture","authors":"Justine Gangneux, Simon Joss, J. Humphry, Matthew Hanchard, Chris Chesher, Sophia Maalsen, P. Merrington, B. Wessels","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2022.2036311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2022.2036311","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article provides new evidence of the ways that smart cities materialize within specific sites and contexts through smart street furniture (SSF). Drawing on empirical data generated through mixed-method field research, the article examines the situated data relations that emerge in the context of the adoption of InLinkUK smart kiosks in Glasgow and Strawberry Energy smart benches in London. The concept of “silences” is proposed to analyze insufficiently articulated data relations resulting from gaps or absences in the use, design, and governance of this new type of urban furniture. The argument made is that data silences lead to failures to account for decisions and the deferral of responsibilities regarding the data aspects of these objects. It is suggested that an approach that focuses on “listening” to and “speaking” about data relations can enable dialogical forms of accountability, and realize the potential of SSF for citizens in local contexts.","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"19 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79783689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartness Beyond the Network: Water ATMs and Disruptions from below in Mathare Valley, Nairobi","authors":"P. Guma, Alan Wiig","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2022.2037180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2022.2037180","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article critiques decontextualized notions of smart urbanism by examining the variegated and spontaneous infrastructural configurations stemming from the deployment of a digital project in an informal urban setting. We offer an empirical examination of the rollout of water ATMs in Mathare Valley, Nairobi, to highlight three types of “smartness beyond the network”: first, where water ATMs evidence a smart digital infrastructure that transcends the networked urban water supply; second, where residents, in their adoption and use of water ATMs, unsettle their original operation, in the process driving them further away from their original design through disruptions from below; and third, where persistent manifestations of pre-existing mechanisms exist that are non-state and non-networked and sometimes integrate indicating digital technologies heterogeneous articulations and smartness from below. In sum, we argue for unpacking Southern and alternative visions for smart digital infrastructure, considering that smartness, within diverse urban settings, is informed not just by hegemonic and aspirational articulations of city making, but also by dwellers’ context-specific and nonlinear processes of place making.","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"41 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83109650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory Development of Planning Support Systems to Improve Empowerment and Localization","authors":"Haozhi Pan, Yoonshin Kwak, B. Deal","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2022.2031431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2022.2031431","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We propose a participatory development process to address critiques of Planning Support Systems (PSS) that focus on their shortcomings of the empowerment of stakeholders and the contextualization in implementation. The process we are presenting involves stakeholders from the early stage of goal-defining and model building. We evaluate an empirical application with a coupled land-use and economic impact assessment PSS for a project in a township on its added value to two criteria: inclusiveness and contextualization. Our findings show that the process enabled improved transparency and understandability on the fitness between project outcomes and stakeholder interests, while local expertise helped to revise and improve the model outcomes and parameters.","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"33 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83397007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Mile/Last Mile Problems in Smart and Sustainable Cities: A Case Study in Stockholm County","authors":"Elisie Kåresdotter, J. Page, U. Mörtberg, Helena Näsström, Z. Kalantari","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2022.2033949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2022.2033949","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The first mile/last mile (FM/LM) problem in public transport refers to the spatial accessibility of public transport and is the most important factor determining whether an individual will choose public transport. The FM/LM problem in Stockholm County, Sweden, was evaluated using a Geographic Information System estimating distances to public transport for the years 2019 and 2035. Overall, the population in Stockholm County, have good access to public transport. However, access varies with abilities, with elderly having 50 percent and elderly impaired 15 percent of their area within walking distance to public transport compared with the average citizen. Planned developments can provide good access to public transport, with extensive improvements for the elderly. However, inadequate planning for population increase will likely decrease the perceived public transport accessibility. Apartments and commercial buildings in the study area have high access to public transport. Elderly people have good access within city and regional centers, while access could be improved in other areas. Inclusion of FM/LM in the planning support system used in Stockholm could help mitigate FM/LM problems and extend access to public transport to all people of different abilities. This is vital in creating sustainable mobility networks and achieving sustainable development in smart cities.","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"63 1","pages":"115 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88666728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Excess of Splintering Urbanism: The Racialized Political Economy of Infrastructure","authors":"O. Salamanca, Jonathan Silver","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2021.2009287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2021.2009287","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This intervention discusses the relevance of settler colonialism and racial capitalism in the study of splintering urbanism, as an uneven socio-spatial process that simultaneously produces dispossession and racial differentiation. Reflecting on our work in Palestine and South Africa we grapple with what leaks in processes of splintering urbanism and we propose “excess” as a provisional analytical space to focus on the racialized political economies of infrastructure. We argue that excess is a generative concept: to render legible the often-silenced histories, geographies, and experiences produced and managed through infrastructure; to reflect on the way stratified social relations materialize in and through urban networks; and to speculate on liberating horizons. In doing so, we consider infrastructure as an archive, a lively ethnographic repository where modern histories of excess live, and where the contested material relations of racialized political economies unravel.","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"55 1","pages":"117 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87541467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}