Journal of Urban Technology最新文献

{"title":"Frankenstein Urbanism: Eco, Smart and Autonomous Cities, Artificial Intelligence and the End of the City","authors":"Martin de Jong","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2023.2214457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2023.2214457","url":null,"abstract":"\"Frankenstein Urbanism: Eco, Smart and Autonomous Cities, Artificial Intelligence and the End of the City.\" Journal of Urban Technology, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135300417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Smart City – Does the Individual Matter?","authors":"Sandra Breux, Jérémy Diaz, Hugo Loiseau","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2023.2194844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2023.2194844","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTEarly smart city projects tended to be technology-driven, conceiving of the citizen as a data provider. New citizen-centered projects have emerged that challenge the role of the individual in these second-generation smart cities. While some works describe the political role that individuals play in these cities, they only indirectly address the place of technology in determining the participation of the individual in these projects. In this article, we draw on the work done on another technical system—cyberspace—to address the relationship between individuals and technology in the smart city and its consequences. Adapting a typology initially developed for cyberspace and using examples of the City of Montréal, we identify three potential categories of the individual’s role within the smart city: (1) Active role (involved individual), (2) Passive role (synchronized individual), and (3) Victim (disadvantaged individual). We show that the individual is a misinformed figure, despite attempts to focus smart development on citizens. Moreover, we posit that the individual cannot have a real political role as long as the political vision of the city does not precede the technical dimension.KEYWORDS: smart cityindividual’s rolecyberspace Notes1 Our goal is not to criticize the Montreal experience or its genealogy but rather to use this experience as an illustration and springboard for our reflection. Furthermore, our analysis of Montreal stops after the Smart City Challenge is awarded in Citation2019. Starting in 2019, a new step—funded by the award of the Smart City Challenge—has begun: Montréal en commun, a program structured around three components (mobilities, food, and data) involving a large community of actors, most of which are NPOs or university laboratories.2 When we refer to a document in French, we write Montréal in its French form. When we refer to Montreal in the English text, we write Montreal in English.Additional informationNotes on contributorsSandra BreuxSandra Breux is a professor at the Institut National de Recherche Scientifique, Centre Urbanisation Culture et Société, Montréal, Québec, H2X 1E3, Canada.Jérémy DiazJérémy Diaz was previously a PhD student at the Université du Québec à Montréal, Département d’Études Urbaines et Touristiques, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada.Hugo LoiseauHugo Loiseau is Professeur titulaire, École de politique appliquée, Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"302 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135642751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the Editor","authors":"R. Hanley","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2023.2218178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2023.2218178","url":null,"abstract":"In this open issue of the Journal of Urban Technology, we have a diverse collection of articles dealing with both familiar (technology transfer, online neighborhood networks) and unfamiliar (using blockchain technology to protect the Intellectual Property rights of street artists) issues. In the first of these articles, “Uncertainty in Market-Mediated Technology Transfer and Geographical Diffusion: Evidence from Chinese Technology Flow,” Dongho Han and Ilwon Seo attempt to tackle market-mediated technology transfer within and across geographies drawing upon patent licensing records in China. The data set they use allows them to capture the importance of geography in licensing relationships—an important new insight. Their discussion leads them into teasing out the implications for public actors within innovations systems (such as those outlined in the Triple Helix model); investigating the policy implications of purchasers/providers preferring differing spatial scales; and displaying how geographic proximity is revealed as a means of risk aversion. The authors see three advantages of using patent licensing data in a Chinese context to track region-to-region technology flows. First, patent licensing data “indicate the flow of technology with economic value geared toward innovative outcomes.” Second, the licensing data set portrays “region-to-region technology flows.” And third, a licensing contract “reflects an organization’s strategic decisions.” The analysis of these data allowed the authors to conclude that “despite the presence of market mechanisms, geographical proximity still plays an important role in the diffusion of knowledge, similar to that of pure knowledge spillover.” However, they noted that in the regions of China that they studied, Han and Seo found that “geographical agglomeration is an essential, but not a sufficient condition” to trigger economic growth. While not studied as much as seems warranted, noise pollution and how to ameliorate it are important issues in city planning. In their article, “Stakeholders Engagement in Noise Action Planning Mediated by OGITO: An Open Geo-Spatial Interactive TOol,” Rosa Aguilar, Johannes Flacke, Daniel Simon, and Karin Pfeffer describe the development of a digital tool that facilitates stakeholder engagement and public discourse in the context of noise action planning. The focus of the article is on how maptables can be used in collaborative spatial planning. The researchers used collaboration to develop a tool that was able to allow stakeholders to identify specific locations and populations that were exposed to higher levels of noise with the goal of planning abatement strategies. Because of the pandemic, the stakeholders participated sometimes remotely in these sessions and sometimes in person. The success of the remote sessions will be used in the future to involve members of the affected communities who can only participate remotely. The goal of the study written by Jonas De Meulenaere, C","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77817901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholders Engagement in Noise Action Planning Mediated by OGITO: An Open Geo-Spatial Interactive Tool","authors":"Rosa Aguilar, J. Flacke, Daniel Simon, K. Pfeffer","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2023.2190705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2023.2190705","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Noise action planning (NAP) requires collaboration among stakeholders, given the harmful health effects of noise and the subjectivity of how individuals perceive noise. Maptables can be used to mediate in such a collaborative spatial planning process. However, open software applications specifically designed for those devices are still limited or mismatched with user needs. This study presents the co-design and development process of an Open Geo-Spatial Interactive Tool (OGITO-noise) intended for maptables users. We explore to what extent such a tool can be usable and useful in supporting collaborative NAP in practice. Our methods combine agile software development and human-centered design (HCD) in a hybrid fashion, namely remote co-design meetings and face-to-face testing, to develop an open application that our intended users found useful. Those methods were utilized during a pandemic but can also be used when dealing with geographic or resource limitations.","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"23 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88446060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gray to Green Communities: A Call to Action on the Housing and Climate Crises","authors":"C. Giusti","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2023.2199602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2023.2199602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"101 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89925065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downtime on the Microgrid: Architecture, Electricity, and Smart City Islands","authors":"G. Urey","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2023.2199606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2023.2199606","url":null,"abstract":"overall conclusion of the book is that housing is a human right, and providing for it by following the Green Communities Criteria is the best way to avert catastrophic global warming while advancing racial, economic, and environmental justice. The book presents many varied examples of affordable green housing projects, resulting in a useful book for policymakers as well as for practitioners. The projects described are executed by a variety of local and national organizations, all with different financing methods, and all are interesting, creative, and pioneering. It may seem a shortcoming that there is not a specific chapter on financing—a key ingredient for the success or failures of any housing investment. However, the financing of the projects is explained in great detail as each is described in the book. It is indeed clever how financing is addressed, without making finance the only focus of the book. The argument throughout the book is well documented, persuasive, and ignites enthusiasm in the reader about the possibilities ahead. Overall, this is a must-read book for policymakers, practitioners, activists, and the general public interested in addressing both homelessness and affordable housing, while focusing on solving the climate crisis and envisioning a sustainable green future.","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"121 1","pages":"103 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74406942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclists as Intelligent Carriers of Space-Time Environmental Information: Crowd-Sourced Sensor Data for Local Air Quality Measurement and Mobility Analysis in the Netherlands","authors":"K. Kourtit, P. Nijkamp, John Osth, Umut Turk","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2023.2177954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2023.2177954","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80974694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protecting Street Art Rights Using an NFT-Based System","authors":"Eynat Mendelson-Shwartz, Ofir Shwartz, Nir Mualam","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2023.2180983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2023.2180983","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Street art has flourished around the world, gaining international recognition and commercial success. Consequently, controversies over their misuse have escalated, and artists have begun to pursue legal protection of their intellectual property (IP) rights. But asserting these rights is still quite difficult, creating a state of uncertainty and risk to both artists and interested parties. In this article, we introduce Street-Art-NFT-System (SA-NFT), a dynamic street art ledger that enables artists to assert their IP rights and communicate with other interested parties, while maintaining their anonymity. Additionally, SA-NFT can create a new documentation method that will open new avenues for studying a city's ever-changing urban facades.","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"289 1","pages":"81 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73080843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Hybridizations in Cities of the South: From Heterogeneity to New Conceptualizations of Energy Transition","authors":"Éric Verdeil, Sylvy Jaglin","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2023.2172301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2023.2172301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This issue addresses the hybridization of urban electricity configurations in cities of the Global South. The hybridization process is shaped by the interplay of two infrastructural trends that transform cities, the patchy and limited extension of the conventional grid and the widespread socio-technical heterogeneity that recent research has highlighted. The case studies presented in the issue vary according to two main criteria. First, they straddle a wide variety of urban settlements, from city-center and relatively wealthy districts to poor areas and urbanizing peripheries. They also take into consideration various stages in the development of the grid and their uneven levels of service, between dynamic deployment pushed by state techno-politics and situations of regress or even collapse, forcing users to adapt. Two cross-cutting results emerge. First, the widespread and ever extending heterogeneity does not eliminate the grid but transforms it through various material and institutional interfaces and intermediations aiming at securing energy supply and operations. Second, the process makes way for an increased presence of private actors. These trends leave a twofold question unanswered. How and with which policies and tools to govern the hybridized energy configurations in order to promote energy justice and to enable clean energy transitions?","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83697399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Rooftop Systems and the Urban Transition: Shall the Twain Ever Meet? Interrogations from Rewari, India","authors":"Marie–Hélène Zérah, Saradamani Das","doi":"10.1080/10630732.2023.2172305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2023.2172305","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT India is facing two major transitions. In 2040, its energy demand will double while 800 million Indians will live in cities by 2050. Situated at this intersection, this article contributes to the field of urban energy research by looking at Solar Rooftop Systems (SRS) in a district located in the extended periphery of Delhi. Using a multi-pronged qualitative methodology in a corridor made of villages and small towns, we argue that public policies are framed applying a rigid territorial grid opposing urban and rural, ignoring the motivations of both residential and professional users, which are not bounded by the rural/urban binary. This disjunction explains that renewable energy does not lead to a new imagination of urban and energy systems. These two fields remain disconnected while solar energy fuels consumption and the city expansion in its peripheries. Finally, the observed variegated urban energy landscapes (UEL) embody a land and energy intensive form of urban growth.","PeriodicalId":47593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"103 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88759423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}