Faktori eksperimentalʹnoï evolûcìï organìzmìv最新文献

{"title":"Influence of alleles of the Ppd-D1 gene and different duration of requirement in yarovization on economic valuable signs of winter bread wheat","authors":"V. R. Fedorova, I. А. Balashova, V. I. Fait","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v33.1568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v33.1568","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the influence of alternative alleles of the Ppd-D1 gene and phenotypic differences in the duration of the need for vernalization and their interaction on earing time and grain yield of recombinant lines of bread winter wheat. Methods. Growing plants in the field and on the vegetation site, PCR with specific primers for Ppd-D1 and Ppd-B1c genes, phenological observations, artificial vernalization, statistical analysis. Results. 136 recombinant F7 lines from crossing [F1 (Chaika//Cappelle Desperez/2В Chinese Spring) / Kharkivska 81] F2 / Obryi identified by alleles of the Ppd-D1 gene, characterized by the duration of the need for vernalization, duration of the period to earing, plant height, weight 1000 grains and grain harvest. Conclusions. Genotypes with the presence of the Ppd-D1a allele eared 2.9 days earlier than those with the Ppd-B1b allele, and the lines with a 30-day need – one day earlier than those with a 40-day need for vernalization. Different combinations of alternative alleles of the Ppd-D1 gene and characteristics of the lines regarding the need for vernalization significantly influenced the differences in the duration of the period before heading and the weight of 1000 grains. Among the lines that significantly exceeded the control varieties Antonivka and Kuyalnik in terms of yield, those with a different combination of two traits were found, but the share of lines with a combination of the Ppd-D1a gene and 30 daily need for vernalization was greater and they formed the largest yield.","PeriodicalId":475640,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimentalʹnoï evolûcìï organìzmìv","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aprobation of common wheat molecular markers for the determination of the allelic composition of gliadins of Triticum spelta L.","authors":"O. M. Blahodarova, O. M. Ruzhitskaya, F. P. Tkachenko","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v33.1592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v33.1592","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The purpose of this work was to test and compare the methods of storage proteins electrophoresis in acid PAGE and PCR with wheat primers for spelt samples and to evaluate their using for the identification of allelic variants of gliadins. Methods. Research was conducted on samples of eight varieties of Tr. spelta using electrophoresis of storage proteins in acid PAAG and PCR with allele-specific primers designed to the Gli-B1 locus of common wheat. PCR products were separated by 7 % PAAG, gels were stained with argentum (II) nitrate. Results. The possibility of using molecular markers to identify allelic variants of spelt gliadins was shown. Using PCR using allele-specific primers for the Gli-B1 locus, five alleles were detected, two of which were also described for Tr. aestivum species. According to the results of electrophoresis and based on PCR results, six allelic variants of gliadins, divided into two groups, were identified. Conclusions. Approbation of the PCR for the species Tr. spelta using allele-specific primers developed for common wheat, showed the polymorphism and the possibility of using primers to identify allelic variants of gliadins for spelt wheat. Compared to the method of electrophoresis of reserve proteins in acidic PAAG, the PCR method is much easier to interpret the results, but it does not allow to detect all the polymorphism obtained on electrophoregrams of reserve proteins.","PeriodicalId":475640,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimentalʹnoï evolûcìï organìzmìv","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135427648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of bacterization on the formation of the crop structure of soybean isogenic lines by E-genes in conditions of different photoperiod","authors":"D. V. Hlushach, O. O. Avksentieva","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v33.1587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v33.1587","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the effect of treatment with the Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b strain on the formation of the crop structure of soybean lines isogenic by photoperiodic sensitivity control genes, under conditions of long and short days. Methods. The experiment was done in the field. After sterilization, the seeds were treated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b and planted in the soil; control test - seeds treated with distilled water. Plants were grown under natural long day conditions (16 h), in phase V3 the experimental plants were exposed to (artificially created) short day (9 h) for two weeks. The elements of the crop structure were analyzed. Results. In the short day condition and bacterization, we observe a significant decrease in the shoot length, the number of pods and seeds in short-day lines, and at the same time a significant increase in the indicators in long-day lines. In the long day condition, we observe more complex regularities, which, we assume, are associated with a closer and more specific interaction between the plant genotype and microorganisms. Conclusions. It was revealed that the genotype and its interaction with the bacterization factor has the greatest influence on the studied indicators, both under short and long day conditions.","PeriodicalId":475640,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimentalʹnoï evolûcìï organìzmìv","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135427651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection and optimization of the method for DNA isolation and purification from Corylus species for PCR analysis","authors":"A. M. Mishchenko, I. O. Andreev","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v32.1535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v32.1535","url":null,"abstract":"Aim.The use of molecular genetic analysis tools requires DNA preparations of high purity. However, in the case of hazelnut plants (Corylus spp.), obtaining quality DNA is complicated by the presence of a significant amount of secondary metabolites in the leaf tissue. The aim of the study was to select and optimize the method for isolation and purification of hazelnut DNA for further use in PCR analysis. Methods. Three methods of DNA isolation using cetavlon as a detergent were used, which differ in the DNA purification steps: the commonly used protocol by Doyle, Doyle, 1987; a modified method with purification using silicon dioxide microparticles; and a method using the extraction of soluble metabolites, which precedes the DNA isolation step. Results. The first two methods were shown to be unsuitable for DNA isolation from dry hazelnut leaves due to a high amount of impurities. The last method allowed to remove a significant part of water-soluble organic substances at the first stage and obtain high-quality DNA preparations. Conclusions. The method for DNA isolation from Corylus spp. plants and hybrids was selected and optimized, which allows isolation of a sufficient amount of high-quality DNA from dried leaf tissue, suitable for further molecular genetic analysis using PCR.","PeriodicalId":475640,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimentalʹnoï evolûcìï organìzmìv","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of stomata morphology in bread wheat","authors":"Yu. Yu. Rymar, O. V. Pronina, V. P. Duplij, B. V. Morgun","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v32.1547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v32.1547","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim was to find and characterize different breeding lines and varieties of bread wheat according to morphological features of the stomatal apparatus for further study of the genetic patterns of stomatal biogenesis. Methods. The stomatal apparatus was evaluated by the method of impressions from the middle of the adaxial and abaxial sides of the flag leaf. Films with prints were studied with a light microscope under 100–200 total magnification. The length and width of the guard cell, stomatal pore, and number of stomata were measured, and statistical data processing was carried out. Results. An evaluation of stomata morphology was made for three varieties of bread wheat, which are characteristic of Ukraine, and three breeding lines originating from the Northern America, which differ in morphological features. The breeding line «Short-awn» had the different number of stomata on the adaxial side of the leaf, the «Dwarf» showed the increase in the total area of stomata per area unit of leaf on the adaxial side and the «Spiky, short-stem» line had a lower value of this parameter on the abaxial side and at the same time tended to decrease the total area of stomata on the abaxial side of the leaf. Conclusions. It was succeeded to find morphologically distinct lines according to the features of the stomata. The lines are valuable starting material for successive molecular genetic research of the biogenesis of wheat stomata.","PeriodicalId":475640,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimentalʹnoï evolûcìï organìzmìv","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic processes in dog domestication and breeding","authors":"A. M. Khokhlov, I. I. Honcharova, A. S. Fediaieva, O. B. Shevchenko","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v33.1570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v33.1570","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The significance of the problem of origin and selection of animals for practice is that by studying the main stages of formation of modern domestic animals in the past, scientists and breeders develop even more effective methods of improving existing breeds by targeted changes in their hereditary properties in purebred breeding, using hybridization and modern biotechnological technologies. Methods. Using archaeological, morphological, biochemical and genetic research methods, scientists managed to establish the karyotype and genome of the wild European wolf and domestic dog. Results. Domestication is the process of turning wild animals into domesticated ones. Over many generations, people have gradually accumulated experience in keeping animals, learned the laws of animal heredity, which helped to accelerate the domestication process and the formation of the original breed populations. The dog is the first domesticated animal, and the history of its domestication dates back to the Mesolithic period (12-15 thousand years BC). The wild European wolf is considered to be the wild ancestor of the dog, since wolves and dogs have 78 chromosomes in their karyotype, and when they mate, they produce fertile offspring. In the process of dog domestication, both morphological and physiological changes occurred compared to the wild European wolf. Since the domestication of dogs involved adaptation to new conditions in captivity, important genetic mechanisms such as mutations, recombination, a hidden reserve of heredity, and the direct effect of selection and selection were important. Conclusions. The representatives of two families of carnivores were domesticated – Canidae and Felidae. Dogs, as already mentioned, were the first domesticated animals tamed and domesticated by humans. The taming and domestication of the wild ancestor of dogs, the wolf, took place in the Mesolithic period, as is known from bone remains discovered by scientists. In different centres of domestication, different forms of wolves have been found that could be domesticated and gave rise to many varieties of dogs since ancient times. Further selection by humans has led to an even greater diversity of domestic dog breeds that serve a variety of purposes (guarding, hunting, sledding, service, and decorative breeds).","PeriodicalId":475640,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimentalʹnoï evolûcìï organìzmìv","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of walnut (Juglans regia) leaf spot agent by its production of species-specific phytotoxin","authors":"L. A. Dankevych, M. I. Zarudniak","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v32.1531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v32.1531","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. For the purpose of correct species and internal identification of isolated strains of bacteria that cause walnut leaf spotting, molecular biological and genetic detection of their ability to synthesize the phytotoxin syringomycin have been carried out. Methods. It has been used microbiological and molecular genetic (PCR) methods. Results. The presence of syringomycin (syrD) phytotoxin secretion genes was established in isolated strains of walnut leaf spot pathogen and the typical strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae UCM B-1027Т. Biotesting of the ability to synthesize syringomycin by these strains revealed the similarity of the antagonistic action of the strains isolated from walnut and the typical strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae UCM B-1027T, which indicates their ability to synthesize lipodepsinopeptide phytotoxin – syringomycin. Conclusions. Based on the results of the previous researches and presented in this work, strains isolated from walnut were identified as a members of species Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae.","PeriodicalId":475640,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimentalʹnoï evolûcìï organìzmìv","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135427367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of sodium chloride on morphophysiological characteristics of wheat and maize plants","authors":"M. A. Khanishova, K. R. Tagieva, I. V. Azizov","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v33.1569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v33.1569","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The effect of sodium chloride on the physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat and maize genotypes, the identification of salinity-resistant varieties was studied. Wheat and maize plants were grown in pots in the soil with the addition of 0.5 % sodium chloride. To create new salt-tolerant varieties of wheat and maize, a comparative analysis of the morphophysiological parameters plants was carried out. Methods. Morphophysiological parameters such as growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, photochemical activty of chloroplasts and PSII activity have been studied in wheat and maize plant. Results. The effect of salt on the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, which are the main physiological indicators, is manifested in different ways in both plants. When studying salt-tolerance of plants, differences were detected in the relative amounts of chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids, as well as the photochemical activity of chloroplasts and efficiency of PS 2. Conclusions. Among the varieties, according to all morphophysiological parameters, the most tolerant to the action of salt was the soft wheat variety Mirbashir-128, and the corn hybrid Belaya x Gurur.","PeriodicalId":475640,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimentalʹnoï evolûcìï organìzmìv","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135427907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signaling in the living systems : gene keys and gene locks","authors":"B. A. Kurchii","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v32.1533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v32.1533","url":null,"abstract":"This article briefly discusses the complex and intricate mechanisms of the functioning of signaling systems between the plasma membrane and the nucleus in the living organisms. An alternative model of DNA packaging is described. The milestone of this model is assumption that DNA winds not around the histone octamer: it is organized between two layers of nucleosomes. The basic structure of chromosomes is a triplet of nucleosomes. A single nucleosome is a parallelepiped in shape (11x11x6 nm). An alternative to protein receptors is proposed receptors composed from nucleic acid (DNA, RNA), called gene keys, that open the code (gene lock) of gene/cluster at the promoter.","PeriodicalId":475640,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimentalʹnoï evolûcìï organìzmìv","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the teaching of evolutionary theory and fundamentals of ecology in the medical university at the department of medical biology","authors":"R. P. Piskun, V. M. Shkarupa, N. M. Hrynchak, O. V. Sprut","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v32.1556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v32.1556","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To justify the peculiarities of teaching the basics of evolution and ecology in a medical university to ensure a high level of general biological training and to achieve medical and biological orientation of first-year students. Methods. Study and analysis of typical and working programs, monographs, textbooks, didactic materials and methodical recommendations from the discipline \"Medical Biology\" of medical universities. Results. In the conditions of reforming modern medical education, biology teachers are paying more and more attention to the formation of a scientific picture of the world, that is, the formation of a worldview in future doctors, which corresponds to modern approaches to the integration of the content of theoretical and clinical education and the need for its continuity in the further practical activities of a doctor-specialist in any field of medicine. Teaching involves conveying to students three possible regimes of biological evolution: Lamarck’s, environmental factors influence development (epigenesis); Darwinian, when random mutations are selected by environmental factors for progressive development (biogenesis); Rait's, in which there are only coincidences. Conclusions. During formation the personality of the future doctor, teaching the basics of evolution and ecology should combine the material of classical biology with the latest information on achievements in the fields of natural sciences.","PeriodicalId":475640,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimentalʹnoï evolûcìï organìzmìv","volume":"41 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135427505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}