{"title":"Las voces de Baha-blantes: An analysis of the language learning investment of intermediate students of Spanish at the tertiary level","authors":"Valentino Rahming","doi":"10.1111/flan.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the language learning investment of five intermediate learners of Spanish at a tertiary institution in The Bahamas. It draws on participants’ language learning journeys to consider how their previous experiences and access to language learning opportunities contributed to their investment. The results show that pressure from a national exam, motivational support from family members, and identification with Afro-Hispanic culture greatly impacted their language learning investment. Additionally, access to study abroad, communicative practice, and other resources were also critical. However, the primary reason for students to take Spanish courses beyond the general education requirement was to become proficient for future purposes. Actionable pedagogical implications are provided for teachers of Black foreign language learners.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 2","pages":"337-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/flan.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Task engagement and comprehensibility development in video-mediated intercultural exchanges: A longitudinal study","authors":"Yuka Akiyama, Sachiko Nakamura, Takumi Uchihara, Kazuya Saito","doi":"10.1111/flan.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite growing interest in task engagement, few studies have examined how it contributes to L2 development. This longitudinal study examined how task engagement related to gains in L2 Japanese comprehensibility among nine UK-based university students participating in a semester-long, video-mediated eTandem exchange with Japanese partners. Using 17 engagement indicators, we first provided a descriptive overview of associations between engagement and development. The strongest association was observed for Japanese partners' use of <i>cultural questions</i>. Guided by these results, we then employed interactional sociolinguistics concepts to understand how cultural questions facilitated comprehensibility development. The discourse analysis revealed that cultural questions shifted interactional frames and footings (Goffman, 1974, 1981), prompting L2 learners to take extended turns and practice making their speech comprehensible. The findings highlight the value of qualitative perspectives in task engagement research, showing that L2 comprehensibility development emerges not only from learners' own engagement but also through their partners' interactive behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 2","pages":"520-542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/flan.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148268876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The global reach of Foreign Language Annals","authors":"Francis J. Troyan, Kristin J. Davin","doi":"10.1111/flan.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 2","pages":"305-306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chatbots for vocabulary learning: A mixed-methods study with A1-level learners in a French as a foreign language course","authors":"Dr. Oğuz İbrahim Dündar","doi":"10.1111/flan.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the integration of a rule-based AI chatbot into A1-level French instruction to support vocabulary learning. Quantitative findings showed that the experimental group achieved significantly higher posttest scores than the control group, with a large effect size (<i>r</i> = 0.83, <i>p</i> < .001). Survey results indicated generally positive attitudes toward using the chatbot as a mobile learning tool, particularly in satisfaction and perceived usability. Focus group data reinforced these findings, highlighting accessibility, motivational value, and support for personalized, self-paced learning. Reported challenges included occasional technical issues and the absence of voice-based interaction. The findings suggest that pedagogically aligned, rule-based chatbots can support vocabulary acquisition and learner engagement. In pedagogical terms, brief, guided chatbot interactions may extend weekly instruction by providing individualized retrieval practice with immediate feedback in a low-anxiety environment, while visual cues can further support recognition and recall.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 2","pages":"500-519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multilingual identity shifts among language learners with experience of studying abroad in Germany","authors":"Yu Chen, Chengle Yan, Jiao Li, Xuesong (Andy) Gao","doi":"10.1111/flan.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Study abroad (SA) experiences significantly influence language learners' multilingual development. Current research primarily examines the linguistic and cultural development of language learners in SA contexts. However, there is a need for further research to investigate the multilingual identity shifts that occur at the intersection of linguistic and personal growth, which are discursively and ideologically constructed. This study uses language portraits and semi-structured interviews to explore nine Chinese university students' multilingual identity shifts by examining their SA experiences in Germany. Thematic analysis identified three dimensions of multilingual identity: cognitive, emotional, and behavioral. Changes in these three dimensions of multilingual identity interacted differently with language ideologies at different levels: macro (e.g., China's focus on German-language examinations, Germany's use of English as a lingua franca), institutional (e.g., communicative German instruction in Germany), and micro (e.g., a student community's prioritizing English or German). Practical recommendations are offered for fostering multilingual identity development through SA experiences, and future research directions are suggested to explore this dynamic process.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 2","pages":"383-408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehension of implied meaning in Chinese second language listening","authors":"Jiafan Zhang, Wei Cai","doi":"10.1111/flan.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Listening comprehension is crucial for second language (L2) communication and acquisition. However, it has received less attention than reading, given the transient nature of speech signals and the intangible cognitive processes involved in it. The current study investigates how Chinese L2 learners process implied meanings in listening comprehension and whether heritage language learning affects the comprehension of implied meanings. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 22 heritage and 24 non-heritage Chinese learners employing an implied meaning test and the stimulated recall procedure. Results show that Chinese L2 learners in this study exhibited relatively strong abilities in understanding implied meanings in listening, and that heritage learners outperformed non-heritage language learners in comprehension of implied meanings. Background knowledge and semantic clues were found to be positively related to the accuracy in comprehending implied meanings. Pedagogical implications are provided in light of the study's findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 2","pages":"449-476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/flan.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Considering students' basic psychological needs in feedback processes in the teaching of Swedish","authors":"Toni Mäkipää, Sara Karhu","doi":"10.1111/flan.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This qualitative study investigated how teachers of Swedish as a second language in Finland perceive they enhance their students' language learning by considering the students' basic psychological needs in feedback processes. This study was conducted in a context where most students were disinclined to study Swedish. Fifteen teachers teaching at various educational levels were interviewed and the data were analyzed using theory-driven content analysis. The findings suggest that these teachers of Swedish used encouragement largely in feedback processes. The teachers also supported autonomy by enhancing reflection and setting personal learning goals. Moreover, the teachers found it particularly important to establish a learning environment based on trust and rapport. In doing so, the teachers believed they were enhancing students' language learning and motivation. The findings imply that by increasing language teachers' awareness of basic psychological needs, students' language learning outcomes may improve, especially in contexts where most students are little motivated to study the language. Pedagogical implications, such as supporting students' individuality and creating a trusting relationship, are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 2","pages":"409-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/flan.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heritage language learners' language availability and choice: A case study of primary school Persian learners in Australia","authors":"Mojgan Mokhatebi Ardakani, Dara Tafazoli","doi":"10.1111/flan.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the factors influencing Persian language learning among heritage language learners in Sydney, Australia, with a particular focus on how formal and informal settings shape language choice and availability. The research employs a qualitative case study approach, incorporating data from student focus groups, semi-structured interviews with parents and teachers, and classroom observations at four Persian community language schools. Key findings highlight the role of social interaction, language proficiency, and bilingualism in shaping heritage language (HL) learners' language choices. The study proposes a model that explains the interrelationship between language proficiency, interlocutor, and tendency. The findings have pedagogical implications, suggesting strategies for bilingual immersion, digital learning integration, and parental engagement to support HL development. Future research could explore Persian HL learners in diverse contexts and investigate the impact of digital media on HL learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 2","pages":"358-382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/flan.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The language of technology","authors":"Krishauna Hines-Gaither","doi":"10.1111/flan.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 2","pages":"307-309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orthography-sound vs. orthography-meaning mapping in Chinese character learning: Evidence on typing and handwriting","authors":"Qian Shi, Bo Hu, Zhiyong Zhu","doi":"10.1111/flan.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the global population of Chinese-as-a-foreign-language learners grows, the complexity of characters remains a major barrier and a frequent cause of attrition. This study compared handwriting and typing instruction in character learning through an experiment with 28 Burmese beginners randomly assigned to handwriting or typing groups (<i>n </i>= 14 each) who received 40 h of instruction. The results showed that the typing group outperformed the handwriting group in character recognition and dictation, indicating that typing promotes orthography-sound mapping and input efficiency. In contrast, the handwriting group scored higher in meaning recognition, suggesting that handwriting strengthens orthography-meaning associations and supports deeper processing. No significant group differences emerged in meaning-based output. Pedagogically, instructors can combine typing to support early form and sound learning, with targeted handwriting to strengthen form and meaning learning, which may ease the initial learning burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 2","pages":"477-499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}