{"title":"Designing authentic language learning simulations to support student engagement","authors":"Cherice Montgomery, Jon Balzotti, Derek Hansen","doi":"10.1111/flan.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a global society, learners must communicate effectively across diverse cultural contexts, but traditional classroom learning can fall short of preparing students for real-life demands. Simulations can shift students' focus from <i>learning about</i> language to <i>using</i> language for authentic tasks. This study developed and evaluated a digital, educational language simulation called a Playable Case Study (PCS). Students investigated questions about the Spanish Civil War as curators in a fictional museum and produced an exhibit for a real public audience. Researchers examined the question: How do the design features of a historically-contextualized, project-based PCS simulation influence student engagement in university Spanish language courses? Findings based on classroom observations, pre-/post-surveys, and instructor interviews (a) offer insights into four types of authenticity that affect student engagement (linguistic, cultural, disciplinary, and technological), (b) show that constructivist, multimedia curation tasks can stimulate autonomous learning, and (c) reveal technological authenticity's influence on student engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 1","pages":"166-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI literacy: A core practice in world language education","authors":"Xinyue Lu, Anna Zaitseva, Francis John Troyan","doi":"10.1111/flan.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) innovations like ChatGPT presents new opportunities and challenges for world languages (WL) education. WL teacher education programs must prepare preservice teachers with <i>AI literacy</i> to help them effectively integrate these technologies into teaching. This multiple case study—part of our on-going self-study of teacher educator practice—investigated how AI literacy can be leveraged as a <i>core practice</i> in a WL teacher licensure program. Drawing on pre-surveys, course artifacts, structured reflections, and interviews, the study explored how three teacher candidates (TCs) engaged with Generative AI (chatbots) in the instructional activity of lesson planning and developed emergent forms of AI literacy. Participants demonstrated varying levels of development of AI literacy across four domains: technological proficiency, pedagogical compatibility, professional work, and ethical use. They developed critical stances toward AI, which were shaped by their evolving professional identities. This study contributes to growing conversations about AI in teacher education by showing the potential of the <i>AI literacy</i> core practice as a scaffolded, reflective approach to building AI competencies. It also underscores the importance of centering TC's professional identity development in AI integration while providing support for prompt design, noninstructional use of AI, and facilitating conversations about responsible AI use with students.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 1","pages":"9-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/flan.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Core practices for Foreign Language Teacher professional development: An identity journey","authors":"Anamaría Sagre, Jose David Herazo, Ibeth Morales","doi":"10.1111/flan.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Practice-based education offers a straightforward and engaging didactic cycle for teacher preparation around core practices. Although research on this area has clearly shown the importance of linking theory to practice during actual teaching, very little to none seem to have addressed how core practices of language teaching may become a site for preservice teachers' identity building. This case study described how Adriana reshaped her teacher identity as she appropriated the core-practice of contextualization for instruction and tried to improve her teaching based on it. Findings indicate that learning to contextualize is far from a linear process of acquiring a skill or a set of predefined instructional procedures. Instead, it is an intricate and iterative dialogue between emerging teacher identity and the understanding of pedagogies, theories, and classroom realities. This study study extends our current understanding of the value of a practice-based approach for leveraging preservice language teachers' construction of their teacher identities as they journey through the challenges of ambitious teaching in the foreign language classroom.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 1","pages":"123-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Incorporation of ACTFL proficiency guidelines and OPI into a Chinese heritage language curriculum","authors":"Lini Ge Polin, Li Yang","doi":"10.1111/flan.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traditional college heritage language (HL) classes often place more emphasis on literacy development than speaking improvement. However, the native-like abilities of some heritage language learners (HLLs) in certain areas, such as acoustic perception and pronunciation, do not guarantee their oral competency. To address the issue, this study integrated the ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines—Speaking and mock Oral Proficiency Interviews (OPIs) conducted by certified ACTFL OPI testers into a Chinese HL curriculum over one semester. Forty-one participants completed pre- and post-surveys and mock OPIs at the beginning and end of the semester, respectively. The pre-post-survey comparison indicated participants' enhanced speaking awareness and stronger speaking initiatives inside and outside of class. The pre-post-mock-OPI comparison indicated improved oral proficiency of 15 participants, and some minor qualitative improvements in one or two of the criteria of <i>Functions and Tasks</i>, <i>Accuracy</i>, <i>Context and Content</i>, and <i>Text Type</i> in 16 of the other 26 participants. Implications regarding the improvement of Chinese HLLs' speaking development are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 1","pages":"256-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Language teacher identity and social justice instructional practices: A history-in-person perspective","authors":"Kate Paesani","doi":"10.1111/flan.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This qualitative case study used history-in-person (Holland & Lave, 2001, 2009) as a theoretical lens to investigate the identities and instructional practices of two U.S. postsecondary German teachers. The participants had similar professional backgrounds, worked in the same language program, and adopted innovative pedagogies to create and implement a social justice curricular unit over a 2-year period. Findings showed that although the participants grappled with the same institutional struggles, their personal histories, beliefs, and experiences manifested differently in their instructional practices. Moreover, aspects of participants' language teacher identity became more salient over time and motivated them to adjust their newly adopted pedagogical practices. Findings point to the challenges of adopting innovative practices, particularly for experienced teachers, and to the importance of reflective teaching and focused professional development for empowering teachers as they integrate social justice content and pedagogies into language curricula.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 1","pages":"82-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"I am my language: Roots, rhythm, and resistance","authors":"Krishauna Hines-Gaither","doi":"10.1111/flan.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The evolving profession","authors":"Kristin J. Davin, Francis John Troyan","doi":"10.1111/flan.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 1","pages":"7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Core practices for Foreign Language Teacher professional development: An identity journey","authors":"Anamaría Sagre, Jose David Herazo, Ibeth Morales","doi":"10.1111/flan.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Practice-based education offers a straightforward and engaging didactic cycle for teacher preparation around core practices. Although research on this area has clearly shown the importance of linking theory to practice during actual teaching, very little to none seem to have addressed how core practices of language teaching may become a site for preservice teachers' identity building. This case study described how Adriana reshaped her teacher identity as she appropriated the core-practice of contextualization for instruction and tried to improve her teaching based on it. Findings indicate that learning to contextualize is far from a linear process of acquiring a skill or a set of predefined instructional procedures. Instead, it is an intricate and iterative dialogue between emerging teacher identity and the understanding of pedagogies, theories, and classroom realities. This study study extends our current understanding of the value of a practice-based approach for leveraging preservice language teachers' construction of their teacher identities as they journey through the challenges of ambitious teaching in the foreign language classroom.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 1","pages":"123-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erik Voss, Kim Sallee, Young-A Son, Margaret E. Malone, Camelot Marshall, Celia Chomon-Zamora
{"title":"An automated scoring system for the AAPPL Spanish presentational writing tasks","authors":"Erik Voss, Kim Sallee, Young-A Son, Margaret E. Malone, Camelot Marshall, Celia Chomon-Zamora","doi":"10.1111/flan.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reliable rating of large-scale writing tests is a challenging venture. Preparing, calibrating, and providing quality assurance for effective and efficient raters is critical to the operation of these tests (Hughes, 2003). To address this challenge, testing organizations have employed different approaches to automated scoring using artificial intelligence (AI). Claims about automated scoring of such large-scale writing tests suggest that they are as or more reliable than human raters. However, there is limited research on the implementation of automated scoring for tests of writing in languages other than English. This paper describes research on the development and evaluation of an automated scoring system for a large-scale Spanish language writing test for middle and high school students. The model, consistent with the philosophy behind the test development and scoring system, focuses primarily on the features examinees can do and produce rather than a subtractive model that places more focus on examinees' mistakes. The system was trained on completed operational responses and with ratings from certified human raters. Natural Language Processing techniques were used to identify specific linguistic features. Results show equal or better agreement between machine–human scores than between two human raters.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 1","pages":"63-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI literacy: A core practice in world language education","authors":"Xinyue Lu, Anna Zaitseva, Francis John Troyan","doi":"10.1111/flan.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) innovations like ChatGPT presents new opportunities and challenges for world languages (WL) education. WL teacher education programs must prepare preservice teachers with <i>AI literacy</i> to help them effectively integrate these technologies into teaching. This multiple case study—part of our on-going self-study of teacher educator practice—investigated how AI literacy can be leveraged as a <i>core practice</i> in a WL teacher licensure program. Drawing on pre-surveys, course artifacts, structured reflections, and interviews, the study explored how three teacher candidates (TCs) engaged with Generative AI (chatbots) in the instructional activity of lesson planning and developed emergent forms of AI literacy. Participants demonstrated varying levels of development of AI literacy across four domains: technological proficiency, pedagogical compatibility, professional work, and ethical use. They developed critical stances toward AI, which were shaped by their evolving professional identities. This study contributes to growing conversations about AI in teacher education by showing the potential of the <i>AI literacy</i> core practice as a scaffolded, reflective approach to building AI competencies. It also underscores the importance of centering TC's professional identity development in AI integration while providing support for prompt design, noninstructional use of AI, and facilitating conversations about responsible AI use with students.</p>","PeriodicalId":47560,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Language Annals","volume":"59 1","pages":"9-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/flan.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}