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Introduction to the special issue “Productivity revolutions: Past and future” 特刊 "生产力革命：过去与未来
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Manchester School Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1111/manc.12482
Nuno Palma
{"title":"Introduction to the special issue “Productivity revolutions: Past and future”","authors":"Nuno Palma","doi":"10.1111/manc.12482","DOIUrl":"10.1111/manc.12482","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We may be living at the dawn of a productivity revolution era brought about by modern science and technological improvements. The six research papers published in this special issue of The Manchester School, titled “Productivity Revolutions: Past and Future,” provide us with lessons on how economies and societies have dealt with the challenges posed by such revolutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47546,"journal":{"name":"Manchester School","volume":"92 6","pages":"613-614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/manc.12482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rules, organizations, and the institutional origins of the great productivity revolution 规则、组织和伟大生产力革命的制度起源
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Manchester School Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1111/manc.12483
John Joseph Wallis
{"title":"Rules, organizations, and the institutional origins of the great productivity revolution","authors":"John Joseph Wallis","doi":"10.1111/manc.12483","DOIUrl":"10.1111/manc.12483","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human productivity began increasing in the mid-19th century in a group of societies whose institutional structures simultaneously transformed. This paper develops a general way of thinking about institutional structures and identifies how specific institutional changes that occurred in the mid-19th century could have caused an increase in productivity across many of the organizations in a society. External rules enforced by one organization but used by other organizations, are central to the argument, as is the emergence of impersonal rules that apply equally to all citizens. The productivity revolution of the late 19th century occurred in an era when a few societies adopted impersonal rules on a broad scale for the first time in human history.</p>","PeriodicalId":47546,"journal":{"name":"Manchester School","volume":"92 6","pages":"615-635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/manc.12483","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Complementary inputs, outsourcing and vertical integration: Price versus quantity competition 互补投入、外包和纵向一体化：价格竞争与数量竞争
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Manchester School Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1111/manc.12480
Arijit Mukherjee, Burcu Senalp
{"title":"Complementary inputs, outsourcing and vertical integration: Price versus quantity competition","authors":"Arijit Mukherjee,&nbsp;Burcu Senalp","doi":"10.1111/manc.12480","DOIUrl":"10.1111/manc.12480","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We compare the effects of price and quantity competition in an industry with complementary inputs, outsourcing and a vertically integrated firm where vertical integration occurs between a final goods producer and a subset of input suppliers. The profit of the integrated firm and the industry profit are higher under Bertrand competition, the profit of the non-integrated firm is higher under Bertrand competition for high product differentiation, and consumer surplus and welfare are higher under Bertrand competition for low product differentiation. Further, no market foreclosure can be the preferred choice of the vertically integrated firm for any degree of product differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47546,"journal":{"name":"Manchester School","volume":"92 5","pages":"578-611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/manc.12480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Childcare, work from home and the evolution of mental health in times of COVID-19: Evidence from the Netherlands 儿童保育、在家工作和 COVID-19 时代心理健康的演变：来自荷兰的证据
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Manchester School Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1111/manc.12485
Bettina Siflinger, Michaela Paffenholz, Sebastian Seitz, Moritz Mendel, Hans-Martin von Gaudecker
{"title":"Childcare, work from home and the evolution of mental health in times of COVID-19: Evidence from the Netherlands","authors":"Bettina Siflinger,&nbsp;Michaela Paffenholz,&nbsp;Sebastian Seitz,&nbsp;Moritz Mendel,&nbsp;Hans-Martin von Gaudecker","doi":"10.1111/manc.12485","DOIUrl":"10.1111/manc.12485","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the co-evolution of mental health with the most prominent risk factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic for the Dutch working population. We exploit data from the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences panel from before the pandemic and five questionnaires in its first year. We find mental health decreased sharply with the onset of the first lockdown but recovered quickly, reaching levels comparable to those a year earlier. Labor market uncertainty, perceived infection risk, and loneliness are all associated with worsening mental health. Moreover, parents of children younger than 12 experience a significant drop in mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":47546,"journal":{"name":"Manchester School","volume":"92 5","pages":"443-465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/manc.12485","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140966257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural change and productivity revolutions: Some hints from the Italian case, 1979–2016 结构变化和生产力革命：意大利案例的一些提示（1979-2016 年
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Manchester School Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1111/manc.12479
Carlo Brambilla, Fabio Lavista
{"title":"Structural change and productivity revolutions: Some hints from the Italian case, 1979–2016","authors":"Carlo Brambilla,&nbsp;Fabio Lavista","doi":"10.1111/manc.12479","DOIUrl":"10.1111/manc.12479","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reallocation of resources between sectors is classically regarded as the engine of long-term growth. The different technological opportunities and the inherent levels of productivity that characterise each sector explain why changes in sectoral composition trigger development processes. Conversely, in the short run, productivity growth is associated with differentiation processes among firms operating in the same industry. The recent debate on the decline in Italian productivity has mainly focussed on short-term interpretations. Using a new dataset on the largest Italian companies between the 1970s and the 2010s period, the paper examines the role of structural change in determining productivity changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47546,"journal":{"name":"Manchester School","volume":"92 5","pages":"556-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140997304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Less work and higher tax can raise wellbeing 减少工作和增加税收可以提高福利
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Manchester School Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1111/manc.12481
Felix FitzRoy, Jim Jin
{"title":"Less work and higher tax can raise wellbeing","authors":"Felix FitzRoy,&nbsp;Jim Jin","doi":"10.1111/manc.12481","DOIUrl":"10.1111/manc.12481","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Worktime has been falling slowly though real wages have risen dramatically. We show that in a general equilibrium model with CES utility and production functions, worktime falls with real wages if and only if the elasticity of substitution between consumption and leisure is less than that between capital and labour, but always rises with labour's income share and concerns with relative income. While a falling labour share may not reduce worktime due to market inflexibility, stronger income comparison increases inefficient overwork. Hence, more flexibility, higher income taxes and a basic income are needed to reduce working hours and raise social welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":47546,"journal":{"name":"Manchester School","volume":"92 5","pages":"539-555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/manc.12481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140938655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Population dynamics, intergenerational mobility, and the process of economic development 人口动态、代际流动和经济发展进程
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Manchester School Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1111/manc.12478
Hiroki Aso
{"title":"Population dynamics, intergenerational mobility, and the process of economic development","authors":"Hiroki Aso","doi":"10.1111/manc.12478","DOIUrl":"10.1111/manc.12478","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study analyzes the interactions between population dynamics with differential fertility the intergenerational mobility and economic development. Population dynamics with differential fertility exerts the following two effects on the economy: (i) the change in the population size of the entire economy influences the mobility through changing in the composition of workers and (ii) the decreasing/increasing transfer per child influences the mobility. A sufficient increase in the population growth increases the population size and leads to a significant decline in the transfers per child; this phenomenon contributes toward the cyclical behavior of mobility and income inequality. On the other hand, when a population growth decreases, the mobility monotonically approaches toward steady state. These results are consistent with some empirical evidence. Hence, this study demonstrates that the population dynamics with differential fertility leads to a difference in transitional dynamics of intergenerational mobility and the process of economic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":47546,"journal":{"name":"Manchester School","volume":"92 5","pages":"507-538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Money growth pegging, Taylor rule, status-seeking behavior and the “spirit of capitalism” 货币增长挂钩、泰勒规则、追求地位的行为和 "资本主义精神
IF 1.1 4区 经济学
Manchester School Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1111/manc.12476
Antoine Le Riche, Antoine Parent
{"title":"Money growth pegging, Taylor rule, status-seeking behavior and the “spirit of capitalism”","authors":"Antoine Le Riche,&nbsp;Antoine Parent","doi":"10.1111/manc.12476","DOIUrl":"10.1111/manc.12476","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper analyzes the impact of “<i>spirit of capitalism</i>” on stationary welfare and stability properties of a one-sector Ramsey economy, where the demand of money is motivated by a cash-in-advance constraint on consumption expenditures. Preferences are defined over consumption and capital stock. There is a monetary authority that follows either a money growth pegging rule or an interest rate pegging rule. When a money growth pegging rule is introduced, a unique steady state emerges. A slight desire for status is a sufficient condition for an increase in the money growth rate to exert a local stabilizing effect and to improve stationary welfare. When an interest rate pegging rule is introduced, two steady states may emerge: a “liquidity trap” and an “interior” steady state. Both steady states are locally determinate. Moreover, we show that a slight desire for status is also a sufficient condition to ensure that the stationary welfare at “interior” steady state is higher than the one of the “liquidity trap”. It follows that an increase in the policy rate is, then, an efficient way to exit the “liquidity trap” steady state. Under similar conditions, a higher policy rate increases the stationary welfare at the “interior” steady state.</p>","PeriodicalId":47546,"journal":{"name":"Manchester School","volume":"92 4","pages":"313-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/manc.12476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140561740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trade, industrial, and privatization policies with endogenous market structure 具有内生市场结构的贸易、工业和私有化政策
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Manchester School Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1111/manc.12477
Shih-Shen Chen, Po-Sheng Ko, Jen-Yao Lee, Chien-Shu Tsai
{"title":"Trade, industrial, and privatization policies with endogenous market structure","authors":"Shih-Shen Chen,&nbsp;Po-Sheng Ko,&nbsp;Jen-Yao Lee,&nbsp;Chien-Shu Tsai","doi":"10.1111/manc.12477","DOIUrl":"10.1111/manc.12477","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study finds that in an international mixed oligopoly at free entry equilibrium, social welfare under import tariff cum privatization is higher than output subsidy cum privatization, and the dual subsidy-tariff policy cum privatization degenerates into a single tariff policy cum privatization. The reason is that an output subsidy or the dual subsidy-tariff policy will incentivize domestic private firms to enter the free-entry equilibrium. Thus, the number of domestic firms with free entry is excessive, and social welfare deteriorates. A privatization policy is pivotal in the long run and is still more effective than a single subsidy policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":47546,"journal":{"name":"Manchester School","volume":"92 5","pages":"494-506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Patent protection, externalities, and income inequality 专利保护、外部因素和收入不平等
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Manchester School Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1111/manc.12475
Heng-Chuan Kao, Hsiao-Wen Hung
{"title":"Patent protection, externalities, and income inequality","authors":"Heng-Chuan Kao,&nbsp;Hsiao-Wen Hung","doi":"10.1111/manc.12475","DOIUrl":"10.1111/manc.12475","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper develops a Schumpeterian growth model with considering consumption and leisure externalities. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of patent protection policy on growth and inequality, as well as the interaction between policy effect and externalities. According to the log form utility function specification, this means that the elasticity of intertemporal substitution is unity. The following are the key findings of this paper. Patent protection policy encourages innovation and increases employment in the R&amp;D industry, which enhances economic growth while increasing income inequality. In regard to externalities, an increase in the degree of consumption (leisure) externalities results in a higher (lower) growth rate and more (smaller) income inequality. When consumption (leisure) externality is greater intensity, the growth effect of patent protection policy becomes stronger (weaker), while its influence on expanding income inequality lessens (enhances). Finally, both the Pareto optimal patent protection policy and the optimal patent policy under the maximization of social welfare positively correlate with consumption externalities, but negatively correlate with leisure externalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47546,"journal":{"name":"Manchester School","volume":"92 5","pages":"466-493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140036784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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