Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Stimulus Presentation on Skin Conductance and Potential Implications for Neurofeedback Studies","authors":"Hannah Gura,&nbsp;Eva Wiener,&nbsp;Lysianne Beynel,&nbsp;Bruce Luber,&nbsp;Sarah Hollingsworth Lisanby","doi":"10.1007/s10484-025-09757-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-025-09757-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Real-time fMRI neurofeedback enables individuals to learn self-regulation of specific brain regions, such as the amygdala, which is often targeted for downregulation in trauma-related disorders. However, repeated exposure to emotional stimuli during lengthy sessions may lead to habituation, with amygdala activity naturally decreasing over time independent of self-regulation success. Presentation rate may influence this effect––however, empirical evidence remains limited with that rate varying widely across studies (ranging from three pictures every 4.5 s to one picture for 20 s). Therefore, prior to conducting an intended real-time fMRI neurofeedback study, we conducted this pilot to evaluate two types of presentation rate. We compared two aversive image presentation procedures and used skin conductance as an index of amygdala activation to identify an optimal presentation rate for a future neurofeedback study. The final sample included 13 healthy adults, who viewed blocks of six aversive images every four seconds (labeled “dynamic”) and blocks of one aversive image for 24 s (labeled “static”) while skin conductance was continuously recorded. Before the task, participants completed questionnaires assessing stress exposure and anxiety to explore their relationship with skin conductance. Skin conductance level (SCL), a measure of longer-term tonic arousal, remained higher in the dynamic condition than in the static condition. Although the static condition elicited a sharper initial peak, the response decayed more rapidly, whereas the dynamic condition yielded sustained SCL with small increases following each image onset. Further, we found that higher anxiety scores, as defined with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults, correlated with lower SCL. These findings suggest that dynamic image presentations may mitigate amygdala habituation more effectively than static presentations, highlighting stimulus timing as a key factor for optimizing protocols such as neurofeedback.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"51 3","pages":"565 - 577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10484-025-09757-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on Cardiac Autonomic Function in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Kentaro Kaneko, Gen Aikawa, Hideaki Sakuramoto, Yuma Ota, Yusuke Oyama, Misa Tomooka, Kazuaki Naya, Takuto Fukunaga, Kan Sugishima, Toru Yamada","doi":"10.1007/s10484-025-09765-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-025-09765-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As demonstrated, heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback (HRVB) is effective in managing chronic conditions. However, reviews specifically addressing HRVB effects on cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are lacking. We evaluated HRVB effects on autonomic, hemodynamic, and psychological outcomes in such patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi from inception to April 2025. We included RCTs on HRVB in CVD populations and excluded those without HRV, clinical, or psychological outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Random-effects models were applied to HRV indices, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and psychological outcomes. From 2402 records, 13 RCTs (965 participants; 795 analyzed) were included. HRVB significantly improved the standard deviation of NN interval; low-frequency (LF) and logLF increased, high-frequency (HF) and logHF showed no significant changes. Both systolic (mean difference [MD] =  − 3.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 4.77 to − 1.38) and diastolic (MD =  − 3.23, 95% CI − 4.69 to − 1.78) blood pressure decreased. Respiratory rate showed no significant changes. Depression (five RCTs) and anxiety (two RCTs) showed no significant improvement. Most studies were rated as having concerns or high risk of bias. The HRVB may modestly enhance autonomic activity and reduce blood pressure in patients with CVD; however, its effects on parasympathetic activity and psychological outcomes remain inconclusive. Further large-scale, rigorously designed trials are required to establish their clinical utility. Registration: PROSPERO; CRD420251030160.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Slow-Paced Breathing as a Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention for Anxiety—A Randomized Controlled Study","authors":"Aleksandra M. Lachowicz,&nbsp;Marlies Houben,&nbsp;Cristina Ottaviani,&nbsp;Ilse Van Diest,&nbsp;Martien Wampers,&nbsp;Jan Cornelis,&nbsp;Inez Myin-Germeys,&nbsp;Thomas Vaessen","doi":"10.1007/s10484-025-09760-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-025-09760-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Numerous studies have substantiated the efficacy of slow-paced breathing (SPB) in decreasing anxiety and increasing vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV). Given its effectiveness and simplicity, SPB is a promising candidate for a just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI). This study examined the efficacy of SPB, triggered by increased anxiety and perseverative cognition (PC), on reducing these symptoms and increasing vmHRV at macro, micro, and immediate levels. Eighty individuals with subclinical anxiety from the Flemish general population were randomized into experimental (EC) or passive control (CC) conditions. Anxiety symptoms were evaluated at baseline and after 15 days. Participants underwent a control period (CP; 6 days) and an intervention period (IP; 6 days), during which they reported momentary anxiety and PC via a mobile application while wearing a portable electrocardiogram. EC participants received SPB training between CP and IP and were prompted to use SPB exercises during IP when anxiety/PC increased. Analyses revealed a significant effect of SPB on reducing retrospectively reported anxiety (<i>p</i> &lt; .05), but not on average daily-life anxiety and PC or vmHRV assessed throughout the IP. Micro-level analyses indicated that SPB was associated with a decrease in PC (<i>p</i> &lt; .05) but not anxiety at the subsequent daily-life assessment. Anxiety and PC decreased substantially from immediately before to immediately after SPB (&lt; 0.001). The effect of SPB on vmHRV remains inconclusive due to methodological concerns in measuring vmHRV in ambulatory settings. The results provide mixed evidence for the efficacy of SPB as a JITAI, indicating the need for replication studies to further evaluate its potential.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"51 3","pages":"579 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation, Neurofeedback, and their Combination on Cortisol, Anxiety, and Depression Subtypes in Non-Clinical Adults.","authors":"Seyedeh Zeinab Molaeizadeh, Aitor Aritzeta Galan, Zahra Zolghadr","doi":"10.1007/s10484-025-09764-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-025-09764-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques such as neurofeedback (NF) and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) are attracting growing interest for their potential to influence brain activity and emotional regulation. This pilot study investigated the individual and combined effects of these methods on psychological measures, electrophysiological markers, and salivary cortisol. Twenty healthy young adults (19 females, 1 male, aged 18–24) participated, with outcomes including psychological measures (anxiety and depression), EEG Alpha / Theta ratio, and salivary cortisol. NF was associated with significant reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Notably, despite the NF protocol directly targeting Alpha / Theta oscillations, a significant increase in the Alpha / Theta ratio was observed only in the tVNS group, indicating a distinct bottom-up influence on neural dynamics. The combined intervention did not yield additional benefits, and cortisol levels remained unchanged. These preliminary findings suggest that NF and tVNS may operate through distinct pathways—NF influencing psychological outcomes via top-down regulation and tVNS modulating electrophysiological activity via bottom-up pathways. The absence of sham control conditions limits causal attribution of effects. Given the small sample size (n = 5 per group) and exploratory nature of this study, these results should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating and require replication in larger, adequately powered trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"The More You Give the Wearable, the More It Gives You\": How Regular Exercisers Navigate Exercise Using Wearable Devices.","authors":"Adam H Ibrahim, Cory T Beaumont, Kelley Strohacker","doi":"10.1007/s10484-025-09762-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-025-09762-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increased use of consumer off-the-shelf wearables (COTSW) for exercise training and self-monitoring has resulted in some COTSW offering individual 'recovery' or 'readiness' scores. These scores are derived using heart rate variability (HRV) and are designed to be easily interpreted (percent score; color codes) to assist users in optimizing their training. Limited research exists on the perceived informational utility associated with HRV-derived scores, which can impact user adoption and fidelity. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand individuals' experiences using and interacting with their COTSW and readiness/recovery scores. Seventeen regular exercisers who owned and used a Whoop™ band or Oura™ ring for at least 3 months participated in a one-on-one virtual semi-structured interview. Interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, with themes supported by 'in-vivo' quotes. This paper focuses on three key themes for a comprehensive demonstration. Theme 1, 'It's kinda validating, right?' (Detroit) highlights how users found validation and reinforcement in their lifestyle choices and feelings about their well-being. Theme 2, 'It's really putting the power in my hands,' (Misty) indicates users' curiosity and experimentation with their devices, leading to behavioral adjustments aimed at improving their readiness/recovery scores. Theme 3, potential for 'more of an emotional response rather than a rational one, (Brian) demonstrates the complex reactive responses users may have towards these scores and each wearable's interface. These findings contribute to the understanding of how COTSW estimates of readiness or recovery impact users' behavior and self-perception, while highlighting the potential need for user education and design considerations to promote positive interactions with such data.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurofeedback as an Adjunct to Pharmacotherapy in OCD: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Symptom Reduction","authors":"Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi,&nbsp;Zahra Taslimi,&nbsp;Reza Khosrowabadi,&nbsp;Farshid Shamsaei,&nbsp;Nasrin Matinnia,&nbsp;Jamal Shams,&nbsp;Abbas Moghimbeigi,&nbsp;Mohammad Ahmadpanah,&nbsp;Ali Ghaleiha","doi":"10.1007/s10484-025-09758-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-025-09758-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Treatment response remains one of the key challenges in managing patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of combining neurofeedback with pharmacotherapy in treating OCD. We conducted a single-blind, randomized clinical trial at Farschian Hospital in Hamadan, Iran. Forty-five patients with OCD were randomly assigned to three groups (<i>n</i> = 15 per group): experimental, placebo, and control. The experimental group received 25 neurofeedback sessions (three 45-minute sessions per week) alongside pharmacotherapy. The placebo group followed a similar protocol but without actual neurofeedback administration. The control group received pharmacotherapy alone. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the mean total obsession score, including both thought and compulsion subscales (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). The experimental group showed significantly greater improvement in all outcome measures compared to both control groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the placebo and control groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). These findings suggest that combining neurofeedback with pharmacotherapy significantly reduces OCD symptom severity compared to either treatment alone. Neurofeedback may serve as an effective, novel, and non-invasive complementary therapy for OCD when combined with standard pharmacological treatment.</p><p><i>Trial registration</i> The trial was registered at the Iranian registry of clinical trials (www.irct.ir; registration number: IRCT2015030321313N1).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"51 3","pages":"553 - 564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual EMO-Mind: Exploring the Benefits of Virtual Mindfulness for Heart Rate Variability and Emotional Skills in Young Students","authors":"Amaiur Olarza,&nbsp;Goretti Soroa,&nbsp;Aitor Aritzeta,&nbsp;Rosa Mindeguia","doi":"10.1007/s10484-025-09759-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-025-09759-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emotion regulation is essential for psychological development, and mindfulness has shown promise in enhancing emotional, cognitive, and physiological outcomes. However, traditional mindfulness practices can be challenging for children. Virtual reality offers an engaging platform to improve adherence, but its impact on children remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a short virtual reality-based mindfulness programme in improving heart rate variability and emotional skills in primary school children. The study involved 127 children aged 9–12 years (Years 5 and 6). Heart rate variability, a biomarker of autonomic nervous system activity, was measured across four virtual reality mindfulness sessions, while emotional skills were assessed pre- and post-programme. Results showed significant heart rate variability improvements, with increased high frequency power and physiological coherence indicating enhanced parasympathetic activity, relaxation, and emotional regulation. Although low frequency power decreased significantly after the first session, its interpretation as a marker of sympathetic activity remains controversial, warranting cautious analysis. In addition, the intervention improved emotional skills, particularly emotional clarity and the ability to repair emotions. Younger children (Year 5) showed greater heart rate variability gains than older peers, likely due to higher emotional plasticity during this developmental stage. These findings highlight the potential of virtual reality-based mindfulness to enhance heart rate variability, supporting better physiological and emotional regulation in children. Future research should focus on the long-term effects of these interventions and their broader applicability to promote well-being and resilience in educational and therapeutic settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"51 3","pages":"607 - 620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10484-025-09759-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145896912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate Cognitive and Interoceptive Benefits of Yoga-Based Visual Respiratory Biofeedback in Migraine: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Krithika A. Ramaswamy,&nbsp;Shivaprasad Shetty,&nbsp;Prashanth Shetty","doi":"10.1007/s10484-025-09761-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-025-09761-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Migraine without aura is associated with autonomic dysregulation and cognitive deficits, particularly in visuospatial cognition and interoception. Yoga-based interventions have shown promise in enhancing autonomic and cognitive functions. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate effects of a novel yoga-based visual respiratory biofeedback (VRB) intervention on visuospatial cognition and interoception in individuals with migraine without aura. A total of 102 individuals were screened using clinical history, Migraine Screening Questionnaire (MSQ), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Sixty-four participants who met the eligibility criteria were recruited and randomized in a 1:1 ratio into two groups: (1) the experimental group (<i>n</i> = 32), which received 20 min of yogic VRB intervention involving alternate nostril yogic breathing (ANYB), and (2) the control group (<i>n</i> = 32), which watched a 20-minute documentary as a neutral visual stimulus. Visuospatial cognition was assessed using the Corsi Block Tapping Task, while interoception was measured with the Heartbeat Counting Task. Assessments were conducted immediately before and after the intervention. Linear Mixed Models (LMM) were used for statistical analysis to account for repeated measures. The VRB intervention significantly improved both visuospatial cognition and interoceptive accuracy in the experimental group compared to the control group. The experimental group showed a significant increase in Corsi span (t = − 3.97, df = 62, 95% CI [− 0.7, − 0.23], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), indicating enhanced spatial working memory. In contrast, the control group showed no significant change in Corsi span. Both the groups showed significant increase in Corsi total score (t = 3.5, df = 62, 95% CI [1.87, 6.41], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) after intervention, with no significant difference in group*time interaction. Furthermore, the experimental group demonstrated greater improvement in interoceptive accuracy compared to the control group, as indicated by increased scores derived from the Heartbeat Counting Task (t = − 8.59, df = 62, 95% CI [− 0.21, − 0.13], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The results suggest that a single session of the yoga-based VRB intervention effectively enhances both visuospatial cognitive performance and interoceptive accuracy in individuals with migraine without aura. These findings indicate that VRB may serve as a promising therapeutic tool for modulating autonomic and cognitive functions in migraine patients, potentially reducing the impact of migraine-related cognitive and interoceptive impairments. Future studies should explore the integration of this therapy with conventional care, its long-term effects and their applicability to broader populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"51 3","pages":"499 - 510"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145821616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological Effects of Gayatri Mantra Meditation on Emotional Processing: An EEG-ERP Study","authors":"Nitesh Sharma,&nbsp;Dushyant Soni,&nbsp;Manvi Jain,&nbsp;Jyoti Kumar,&nbsp;Rahul Garg","doi":"10.1007/s10484-025-09753-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-025-09753-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study has studied the impact of Gayatri Mantra (GM) meditation on emotional processing using event-related potentials (ERPs) and self-report measures. Twenty-four healthy male participants (M = 32.37, SD = 8.02 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Based on their self-reported daily routine practices, participants were categorized into two groups: meditation practitioners (<i>n</i> = 12) and non-practitioners (<i>n</i> = 12), who did not engage in any mind-body practices. All participants completed standardized psychometric assessments, including the Emotional Competence Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Anashakti (non-attachment) Scale, and Brief Resilience Scale. EEG-ERP data were recorded using a 64-channel EEG during passive viewing of 120 affective images (40 positive, 40 negative, 40 neutral) from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) repository. Results revealed significantly reduced ERP-Late Positive Potential (LPP) amplitudes in practitioners across mid, right, and left-centroparietal sites, with the most significant reduction at CPz in response to negative stimuli (<i>p</i> = .043) and near significance at right centroparietal regions (<i>p</i> = .073). Self-report data revealed that practitioners demonstrated significantly greater Emotional Competence (<i>p</i> = .003) and Anasakti (non-attachment) (<i>p</i> = .043), along with higher scores on emotion regulation and resilience, suggesting a consistent trend toward enhanced emotional wellbeing. These findings indicate that sustained long-term GM meditation practice is associated with enhanced emotional regulation, reduced neural reactivity to affective stimuli, and improved emotional wellbeing. The combined neurophysiological and psychological evidence underscores the potential of GM meditation in cultivating emotional resilience and affective balance for overall wellbeing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"51 3","pages":"527 - 539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145805473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurofeedback, Biofeedback, and Basic Learning Theory: Revisiting the 2011 Conceptual Framework","authors":"Cynthia Kerson,&nbsp;Leslie H. Sherlin,&nbsp;Eddy J. Davelaar","doi":"10.1007/s10484-025-09756-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-025-09756-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper entitled, Neurofeedback and Basic Learning Theory: Implications for Research and Practice, published in 2011, provided an overview of our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of operant conditioning when administering neurofeedback. Here, we expand on the basic tenets described in that paper to include learning in biofeedback, address random schedules of reinforcement, the neurochemistry of reinforcement learning, placebo effects, new theories of psychophysiological learning, and the role of the client-clinician interaction in facilitating learning success. It is intended both as a companion to the 2011 publication and as an updated reflection of our increased understanding of the learning principles that underlie these modalities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"51 3","pages":"477 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10484-025-09756-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}