City & Community最新文献_第8页

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IF 2.5 3区社会学

City & Community Pub Date : 2020-12-09 DOI: 10.1111/cico.12524

引用次数: 0

Extreme Cities: The Peril and Promise of Urban Life in the Age of Climate Change, by Ashley Dawson. London and New York: Verso. 2017. 384 pp. 《极端城市:气候变化时代城市生活的危险与希望》，阿什利·道森著。伦敦和纽约:Verso, 2017。384页。

IF 2.5 3区社会学

City & Community Pub Date : 2020-10-05 DOI: 10.1111/cico.12406

Lisa Benton-Short

引用次数: 1

About the Authors 关于作者

IF 2.5 3区社会学

City & Community Pub Date : 2020-10-05 DOI: 10.1111/cico.12523

引用次数: 0

Futureproof: How to Build Resilience in an Uncertain World, by Jon Coaffee. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019. ISBN 9780300228670; 281 pp. $30 hardcover. 《未来证明:如何在一个不确定的世界中建立弹性》，作者:Jon coffee。康涅狄格州纽黑文:耶鲁大学出版社，2019年。ISBN 9780300228670;281页，精装本30美元。

IF 2.5 3区社会学

City & Community Pub Date : 2020-10-05 DOI: 10.1111/cico.12522

Malcolm Araos

{"title":"Futureproof: How to Build Resilience in an Uncertain World, by Jon Coaffee. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019. ISBN 9780300228670; 281 pp. $30 hardcover.","authors":"Malcolm Araos","doi":"10.1111/cico.12522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12522","url":null,"abstract":"How can we prepare for and respond to increasingly complex risks and destructive events? In his new book Futureproof: How to Build Resilience in an Uncertain World, Jon Coaffee sketches a contemporary world fraught with intractable uncertainty and punctuated by moments of disaster: climate chaos is becoming a normalized condition as hurricanes, wildfires, and heat waves tear through communities across the world with increasing ferocity each year. Critical infrastructure, such as power grids, water supply, and transportation networks face decades of neglect and threaten to crumble, not least due to climate disasters, depriving us of crucial services we take for granted every day. An uptick in politically motivated-violence against civilians in cities has raised new questions about how to make urban environments more secure for citizens. Finally, we do not know if and when financial institutions, through unscrupulous trading behavior, will cause the collapse of unregulated financial markets as they did in 2008, resulting in the mass foreclosure of homes across the country and other forms of economic suffering. How can we grapple with these challenges in the face of the enormous complexity and interconnectedness of 21st century society, with a view toward keeping our communities safe and vital systems ticking along? Jon Coaffee, a professor of urban geography and director of the Resilient Cities Laboratory at Warwick University, finds promise in the increasingly popular concept of resilience. At its most humble, resilience describes the ability of an entity (e.g. a person) or a system (e.g. a power grid) to withstand shocks (e.g. a storm) and bounce back to its previous state. How quickly can a city, for example, return to normal functioning after a hurricane? At its most ambitious, resilience is a worldview. For advocates, resilience-thinking can help radically re-scheme society’s relationship with risk, the unknown, and potential disasters. While previous modes of risk management focused on forecasting and preventing disasters, resilience-thinking begins with the assumption that problems cannot be prevented, and instead embraces flexibility and adaptability. Disasters cannot be avoided, resilience promoters say, but our systems can be re-designed to better absorb their impacts and re-tooled to be more agile in recovery. Coaffee’s theoretical contribution is to put discussions of resilience in the realm of sociology. Since the introduction of the concept into the field of landscape ecology in the 1970s, resilience-thinking has become popular in disciplines such as engineering and disaster management, but the social sciences have been slow to engage. As a correction,","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"19 3","pages":"802-804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cico.12522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137487874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Racial Violence, White Spaces, and Neighborhood Vulnerability 种族暴力、白人空间和邻里脆弱性

IF 2.5 3区社会学

City & Community Pub Date : 2020-09-22 DOI: 10.1111/cico.12521

Bruce D. Haynes

{"title":"Racial Violence, White Spaces, and Neighborhood Vulnerability","authors":"Bruce D. Haynes","doi":"10.1111/cico.12521","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cico.12521","url":null,"abstract":"I used to be a faithful supporter of the Policeman Benevolent Association. For just a $25 contribution, the local PBA would issue a decal with a badge-like insignia that you could affix to the driver’s side backdoor window. It signaled that you were a “tax paying citizen,” employed, and on the right side of the law. As a young black man, I suspected at the time that the decal also signaled that I had connections, through family or friends, to law enforcement. Which I did. My father was a parole officer in the South Bronx, and I grew up with respect for the law and the people who enforced it. But that’s not why I made a point of supporting the PBA. Getting a decal served as a talisman, distinguishingme, hopefully, from other blackmen that the police would pull over, providing me with some measure of protection from potential abuse. I mademy first donation to the PBA when Imoved to the suburbs of Yonkers in my late twenties. I continued payments into my thirties, when I joined the faculty at Yale University in New Haven, and then into my forties, when I crossed coasts to join to faculty at the University of California, Davis. Although I’ve been stopped dozens of times over the years, often without any clear reason, I’ve never been roughed up or bullied by the police. Some of my friends have not been so lucky. Back in 1995, the year I defended my doctoral dissertation, Earl G. Graves Jr.—my basketball buddy and the senior vice president for advertising and marketing at Black Enterprise magazine—was shaken down at New York’s Penn Station. Dressed in full business attire, holding an orange juice in his hand, and stepping off a Metro-North train on an early workday morning, Graves somehow aroused the suspicions of the police. The New York Times reported that Graves was accosted and quickly hustled to a nearby wall by two Metro-North police officers as they “...lifted my arms in the air, relieved me of my briefcase and frisked me from top to bottom.” Growing up black in the city, you had to learn to circumvent unwelcoming (and often white) neighborhoods as well as crooked beat cops in your own neighborhood, some of whom who took their “license to kill” personally. Yet as a cocky teenager from Harlem, I used to feel like the entire city was my playground. In my mid-teens, many a time my","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"19 3","pages":"531-537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cico.12521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47050520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Policing the Block: Pandemics, Systemic Racism, and the Blood of America 《街区治安:流行病、系统性种族主义和美国的鲜血》

IF 2.5 3区社会学

City & Community Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1111/cico.12517

Alyasah Ali Sewell

引用次数: 23

Rending the “Cosmopolitan Canopy”: COVID-19 and Urban Public Space 重塑“世界主义遮篷”：新冠肺炎-19与城市公共空间

IF 2.5 3区社会学

City & Community Pub Date : 2020-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/cico.12516

Philip Kasinitz

{"title":"Rending the “Cosmopolitan Canopy”: COVID-19 and Urban Public Space","authors":"Philip Kasinitz","doi":"10.1111/cico.12516","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cico.12516","url":null,"abstract":"I am writing during the “socially distanced” summer of Covid. This means that, like almost everyone else, I am trying to figure out what this “new normal” means. Aside from the horrendous toll, the disease itself has taken on family, friends, and colleagues, we are all increasingly aware of the havoc that the necessary efforts to contain its spread are now wreaking on economic and social life, and, in particular, on the public life of cities. Those of us lucky enough to be able to work from home now joke about what the blurring of the line between public and domestic space means for our everyday lives: attending “zoom” meetings in sweat pants (or no pants); how long it has been since we have put on a dress or a suit; the little glimpses of the private lives of our colleagues and bosses that spill over onto the screens. Yet, I don't think we have fully begun to grasp the implications of the sudden withdrawal from public life has meant for our social relations and our politics.Of course, trying to figure out what this all means while the crisis is still going on is a risky business. By the time you read these words, there is a good chance many of these observations will seem very dated, if not dead wrong! As Nygaard and his colleagues remind us, \"history shows us that the ways we organize our cities are often resistant to abrupt change—even in response to catastrophic events” (Nygaard et al. 2020). Or to quote the warning of a recent Noble prize winner: “don't speak too soon for the wheel's still in spin.” Listening to the pundits forecast the end of dense cities and predicting a new middle-class exodus to the suburbs and exurbs, one cannot help but be reminded of the aftermath of “9/11” when many leading thinkers quickly pronounced concentration in central cities a thing of the past and pointed toward a “poly-nucleated” urban future. In the wake of the collapse of the towers, we were told that no one would ever want to work in a tall building again, and certainly no one would want to live in one. Yet, a decade after the towers fell Frank Gehry's “Eight Spruce Street,” at the time the tallest residential building in the western hemisphere, opened a few hundred yards from the World Trade Center site. Today the three tallest residential buildings in the world are all in Manhattan, which should, if nothing else, teach us to be cautious about cliché ridden predictions of urban doom.Still, there are some things we can say about the dangers of sudden withdrawal from public space if only because the responses to pandemic are accelerating trends that were already underway. The first to note that while the pandemic affects people everywhere, its impacts are greatest in the cities. Or as Nicole Gelinas recently put it, “Covid-19 has hit the cities so hard because of what they do so well: bring people closely together for fun and profit” (Gelinas 2020:A19). Being in public—that is, in the presence of strangers in spa","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"19 3","pages":"489-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cico.12516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47511001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Racism: A Public Health Crisis 种族主义：公共卫生危机

IF 2.5 3区社会学

City & Community Pub Date : 2020-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/cico.12518

Katie L. Acosta

引用次数: 49

“Not Just a Lateral Move”: Residential Decisions and the Reproduction of Urban Inequality “不只是横向移动”:居住决策与城市不平等的再生产

IF 2.5 3区社会学

City & Community Pub Date : 2020-09-03 DOI: 10.1111/cico.12515

Stefanie DeLuca, Christine Jang-Trettien

{"title":"“Not Just a Lateral Move”: Residential Decisions and the Reproduction of Urban Inequality","authors":"Stefanie DeLuca, Christine Jang-Trettien","doi":"10.1111/cico.12515","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cico.12515","url":null,"abstract":"Despite decades of research on residential mobility and neighborhood effects, we know comparatively less about how people sort across geography. In recent years, scholars have been calling for research that considers residential selection as a social stratification process. In this paper, we present findings from work our team has done over the last 17 years to explore how people end up living where they do, relying in large part on systematically sampled in–depth narrative interviews with families. We focus on four key decisions: whether to move; where to move; whether to send children to school in the neighborhood; and whether to rent or own a home. We found that many residential mobility decisions among the poor were “reactive,” with unpredictable shocks forcing families out of their homes. As a result of reactive moving, housing search time frames became shorter and poor parents employed short–term survival solutions to secure housing instead of long–term investment thinking about neighborhood and school district quality. These shocks, constraints, and compressed time frames led parents to decouple some dimensions of neighborhoods and schools from the housing search process while maximizing others, like immediacy of shelter, unit quality, and proximity to work and child care. Finally, we found that policies can significantly shape and better support some of these decisions. Combined, our research revealed some of the processes that underlie locational attainment and the intergenerational transmission of neighborhood context.","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"19 3","pages":"451-488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cico.12515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44795716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Examining the Relationship Between Institutionalized Racism and COVID-19 审视制度化种族主义与COVID-19之间的关系

IF 2.5 3区社会学

City & Community Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/cico.12520

Tyler Gay, Sam Hammer, Erin Ruel

{"title":"Examining the Relationship Between Institutionalized Racism and COVID-19","authors":"Tyler Gay, Sam Hammer, Erin Ruel","doi":"10.1111/cico.12520","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cico.12520","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, protests erupted around police brutality and other forms of institutional and systematic racism within the justice system. These same forms of structural racism exist in the medical and healthcare industries, and explain fundamentally, why we have large, ongoing, racial health disparities in all health outcomes including COVID-19 (Harris et al. 2006; House 2002; Matthew 2015; Washington 2006). COVID-19 is an acute (short-term), infectious illness that has become an epidemic in the United States. COVID-19 spreads through the air; therefore, it ought to affect people equally. Unfortunately, we are already seeing substantial racial inequality in COVID-19 infections. African Americans are experiencing three times the rate of COVID infection and nearly six times the death rate of White majority counties (Garg et al. 2020; Scott 2020; Webb et al. 2020; Yancy 2020).In this essay, we examine Black–White racial health disparities and their social determinants. We argue that racism, whether called systematic, structural, or institutionalized (for the sake of this essay these terms are interchangeable), is the primary cause of both explicit and implicit race-based discrimination. Furthermore, we will present and refute biological, behavioral, and social class explanations for racial health disparities. Next, we use the institutionalized racism framework to examine COVID-19. We finish with a set of proposals designed to interrupt the association of racism with health outcomes.There is a large body of research on racial disparities in chronic health conditions. Chronic conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension are life-long illnesses and syndromes managed through medical treatments. Today, they are the top causes of death (Rana et al. 2020). African Americans have more chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and lung disease than Whites, increasing their risk of death from COVID-19 (Garg et al. 2020).What causes African Americans to have more chronic conditions and be more likely to contract infectious diseases such as COVID-19? Dressler et al. (2005) find that most research looks to five types of explanations for racial health disparities, genetic, behavioral, socio-economic, structural-constructivist, and psychosocial stress. We can dismiss the genetic explanation because race is socially constructed as W. E. B. Dubois demonstrated back in 1906. He found that from 1725 to 1853, while Whites lived longer than Black folks, life expectancy improved similarly for both populations, and that differences in mortality rates among Black folks living in different cities were due to environmental differences. Therefore, genetic inferiority could not explain Black peoples life’ span (DuBois 2003).The research is clear that","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"19 3","pages":"523-530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cico.12520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47447141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5