Journal of Trauma & Dissociation最新文献

{"title":"Do Defense Mechanisms and Dissociation Symptoms Link the Association Between Adverse Childhood Experience and Somatization Symptoms in Faroese Adolescents.","authors":"Paulo Ferrajão, Júlia Fonte, Ask Elklit","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2024.2448423","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15299732.2024.2448423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a risk factor for the development and increase in somatization symptoms among adolescents. Defense mechanisms and dissociation may play a key role in the association between these variables. The aim of the study was to analyze the indirect association between direct and indirect exposure to ACEs with somatization symptoms through defense mechanisms and dissociation symptoms in Faroese adolescents. The sample consisted of 687 Faroese adolescents, who completed validated self-report questionnaires that assessed the variables under study. Serial multiple mediation models were tested by conducting a structural equation modeling employing Preacher and Hayes' procedures (2008). Results showed that both direct and indirect exposure to multiple types of ACEs was indirectly related to somatization symptoms through immature defenses and dissociation symptoms. Indirect exposure to multiple types of ACEs was also indirectly related to somatization symptoms through neurotic defenses and dissociation symptoms. It was also observed that indirect exposure to multiple types of ACEs was indirectly related to somatization symptoms through immature and neurotic defense mechanisms. The results suggest the central role of both defense mechanisms and dissociation symptoms in the association between direct and indirect exposure to multiple types of ACEs and somatization symptoms in Faroese adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":" ","pages":"239-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mediating Role of Depersonalization on the Relationship Between Sleep and Psychological Well-Being in an Online Adult Community Sample.","authors":"Helen Cahill, Jonathan Egan, Ciara Egan","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2024.2448424","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15299732.2024.2448424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor sleep quality has been linked to both poor psychological and physical well-being. Mood and anxiety levels are affected by poor quality sleep, and the relationship between these variables appears to be mediated by a tendency to depersonalize or not. This study examines these relationships in 112 Adults (Female = 82, Male = 30), via an online study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Patient Health Questionnaire4, Cambridge Depersonalization Scale-9, and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 were administered using the Gorilla platform. The following variables were analyzed using correlation statistics, and mediation analyses: sleep quality, anxiety, depression, somatic pain, and depersonalization. Poor sleep quality was associated with higher levels of all psychological variables. As predicted, depersonalization mediated the relationship between sleep quality and anxiety, depression and somatic concerns. The findings indicate that sleep quality and the mediating effect of depersonalization have a significant impact on psychological well-being in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":" ","pages":"200-217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Moderating Role of Context Processing in the Intergenerational Transmission of Posttraumatic Stress.","authors":"Shannen Graf, Ryan J Murray, André Frei, Lara Detoledo, Sophie Wood, Mathilde Morisod, Dominik A Moser, Sébastien Urben, Daniel S Schechter","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2025.2450417","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15299732.2025.2450417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This pilot study aimed to understand the moderating role of context processing (i.e. encoding and memorizing) when mothers are confronted with threatening stimuli and undergo physiologic monitoring in order to understand a possible mechanism favoring intergenerational transmission of posttraumatic stress. Thirty-one mothers (M age = 33.87 years, SD = 4.14) and their toddlers (M age = 22.66 months, SD = 7.01) participated in the study. Mothers reported adverse life events (ALE), their current posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), as well as regulatory problems of their toddler. Mothers performed a context-encoding and -memory (CEM) task including emotional facial expressions (especially angry faces considered as threatening stimuli) embedded into photo-backgrounds, after which they were asked to recognize both the faces and contexts. Maternal heart rate variability (HRV) was measured during resting state. Maternal current PTSS, but not ALE, had impact on child dysregulation only for mothers with poor context processing (<i>β</i> = 0.014, <i>p</i> = .017). Baseline HRV was negatively correlated with the recognition of contexts previously associated with angry faces (<i>ρ</i> = -.53, <i>p</i> = .006), and marginally with the recognition of angry faces (<i>ρ</i> = -.37, <i>p</i> = .059). This pilot study identifies psychophysiological markers (i.e. CEM, HRV) that may influence the intergenerational transmission of posttraumatic stress. This may open new avenues in early identification and intervention with traumatized mothers and their toddlers.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":" ","pages":"292-309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Rates of Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an Acute Psychiatric Women's Inpatient Unit: An Opportunity to Improve Diagnosis and Direct Critical Efforts.","authors":"Alex K Preston, Wesley R White, Karina E Sanders, Breanna A Walker, Katelyn H Durey, Clare C Brown, Jessica L Coker","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2024.2448427","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15299732.2024.2448427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Trauma disorders are prevalent and confer high rates of psychiatric comorbidity and functional impairment. Women are more likely to be affected by trauma disorders; however, rates and symptom burden in women's inpatient psychiatric units remains understudied. We hypothesized the prevalence of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) would be higher among women admitted to a women's inpatient unit compared to women in the general population and mixed gender units. We evaluated demographic and clinical characteristics associated with probable PTSD diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Screening for probable PTSD diagnosis was performed using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were completed to determine demographic and clinical characteristics associated with a probable PTSD diagnosis. Logistic regression was performed to assess the adjusted associations between covariates and probable PTSD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 262 patients, including 192 (73.3%) with probable PTSD. Individuals with probable PTSD had higher rates of previous suicide attempt (69.8% versus 34.3%; <i>p</i> < .001), previous psychiatric hospitalization (73.4% vs 60.0%; <i>p</i> = .04), and comorbid mood disorder (76.6% versus 54.3%; <i>p</i> < .001). Formally diagnosed PTSD by the time of hospital discharge was observed in 70 (36.5%) of the women with probable PTSD. Logistic regression demonstrated that a previous suicide attempt and mood disorder increased the odds of probable PTSD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings illuminate the high prevalence of probable PTSD on a women's psychiatric unit, supporting the need for increased screening and tailored treatment. Focusing on trauma-related symptoms could help alleviate patient suffering and improve treatment effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":" ","pages":"280-291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11850175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Didn't Even Blink: Dissociation, Complex Trauma Exposure and Decreased Startle Reactivity.","authors":"Wendy D'Andrea, Steven Freed, Jonathan DePierro, Brady Nelson, Christopher Seemann, Scott McKernan, Thomas Wilson, Nnamdi Pole","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2024.2429445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2024.2429445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The startle eyeblink reflex is thought to function as a means of orienting to salient stimuli, and, by proxy, sensitivity to threat cues. The absence or attenuation of this reflex may thus suggest disengagement from one's environment, potentially in circumstances when engagement is called for, and, therefore, may serve as a potential marker for dissociation as it occurs. The present study investigates whether individual differences in startle response magnitude and habituation are attributable to early and multiple trauma exposure, dissociation, and PTSD symptom severity. Fifty-four Black college students with at least one traumatic event completed self-report measures of trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and in-task dissociation, and underwent a standard acoustic startle task. Startle data were analyzed for quadratic trauma feature (symptoms/exposure) by time interactions in order to detect nonlinear decreases in reactivity. Participants with earlier trauma (before age 6) and greater in-task dissociation showed significantly decreased startle reactivity, but neither multiple trauma exposures nor PTSD were related to startle reactivity. Contrary to expectations of solely exaggerated startle reactivity, the group with early life trauma exposure and dissociative experiences had attenuated startle reactivity compared to their peers with later-onset exposure and lower dissociation. Data are consistent with the existing literature on DSM-5 Dissociative subtype of PTSD, and supports the notion that some symptomatic individuals may in fact benefit from greater engagement with their environments, which may counter a notion of habituation to stressors as a primary therapeutic goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child Dissociation: The Descriptive Psychopathology Analysis of a Case.","authors":"Wing Ki Kwok, Chui-De Chiu, Bethany L Brand, Leong Ki Nicky Chan, Hoi Lam Ho","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2024.2425087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2024.2425087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With a reliable retrospective link to early-life traumatic stress, dissociation has been formulated as a pathology of abnormal socioemotional development. Dissociation hence should be identifiable and diagnosable in childhood. This study aimed to address the extent to which current formulation and diagnostic criteria of adult dissociation is applicable to children. This case study documented and analyzed the potentially dissociative experiences and behaviors in a 11-year-old boy from a residential facility accommodating children from high-risk families. The first-person account from the child client about his potentially dissociative experiences and the observations of the clinician witnessing the targeted behaviors were documented, revealing a symptom profile similar to adult dissociation. Dissociation disrupted multiple domains of typically integrated mental functioning including memory, consciousness, and the sense of self. The child client presented unusual forgetfulness that was observed by others, while the child himself was able to describe experiences involving gaps in consciousness and a fragmented and disconnected sense of self. This case study renders support for the current formulation of dissociative pathology and its applicability to high-risk cases in early developmental stages. This finding also indicates the importance of trauma-informed care in child residential settings. With gentle guiding prompts, children are able to recognize and articulate unusual experiences, facilitating the early identification of dissociation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2024.2423482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2024.2423482","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presidential Editorial.","authors":"D Michael Coy","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2024.2421590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2024.2421590","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Detection of Invalid Responses Using the Dissociative Experiences Scale-V (DES-V).","authors":"Kenneth J Thompson, Rachel R Katz, Lillian C Mecum, Constance J Dalenberg","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2024.2407762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2024.2407762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) is the most widely used self-report measure of dissociation but lacks a validity scale. Abu-Rus et al. (2020) created the DES-V by embedding atypical and inconsistency items in the DES, ultimately concluding that atypicality demonstrated the greatest ability to differentiate honest respondents from feigners. Among their study limitations, Abu-Rus et al. noted the homogeneous nature of their clinical group (i.e., largely comprising individuals with PTSD) and the potential need to refine the existing atypicality items for a more heterogenous dissociation population. The current study aimed to refine the DES-V by enlisting dissociation experts to improve the believability of the atypical items (while simultaneously ensuring they did not betoken any actual dissociative symptomology) and by supplementing the online sample with a clinical sample that included a broad range of dissociative disorders. Data cleaning comprised eight different techniques, to better ensure the validity of the online sample. Honest and Feigning groups completed the assessments through Amazon's Mechanical Turk; the clinical dissociative disorder group completed hard copy versions. The atypicality scale discriminated the three groups well, with the Feigning group scoring significantly higher than both of the honest groups (online and clinical). The mean atypicality scores of the two honest groups did not differ significantly. In addition, the scale incremented over the original DES-V in a logistic regression predicting honest and feigning participants. These robust results suggest that the revised DES-V could provide researchers with a valuable tool for validating online samples with greater precision - an increasingly vital need in light of the growing reliance on online samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"It Will Always Feel Worse Because it Comes with That Added 'Betrayal'\": Intersectionality Praxis and Black Young Women Survivors' Perspectives on Cultural Betrayal Trauma Theory.","authors":"Jennifer M Gómez, Robyn L Gobin","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2024.2383197","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15299732.2024.2383197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of interlocking oppressions of racism and sexism (e.g. intersectionality), Black women's experiences of high rates of sexual violence are often ignored. A critical Black feminist framework, cultural betrayal trauma theory (CBTT) examines within-group violence in the Black community, which has compounding harm due to inequality. Though quantitative research has found support for CBTT, Black young women survivors' perspectives have not been examined. Therefore, the purpose of the current exploratory study was to engage in intersectionality praxis to qualitatively examine Black young women survivors' perspectives on CBTT through structured thematic analysis and coding based on theory. Respondents (<i>N</i> = 37; 18-30 years), provided their thoughts on CBTT following participating in a quantitative study. With most survivors in agreement that cultural betrayal in trauma is harmful, a key theme was community orientation in understanding both the harm and healing of cultural betrayal trauma. Black young women survivors' resonance with CBTT, as well as their recommendations for community-level solidarity and healing have important implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":" ","pages":"656-673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}