2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-023-09514-y

Lambros Roumbanis

{"title":"New Arguments for a pure lottery in Research Funding: A Sketch for a Future Science Policy Without Time-Consuming Grant Competitions","authors":"Lambros Roumbanis","doi":"10.1007/s11024-023-09514-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-023-09514-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A critical debate has blossomed within the field of research policy, science and technology studies, and philosophy of science regarding the possible benefits and limitations of allocating extramural grants using a lottery system. The most common view among those supporting the lottery idea is that some form of modified lottery is acceptable, if properly combined with peer review. This means that partial randomization can be applied only after experts have screened the pursuit-worthiness of all submitted proposals and sorted out those of lowest quality. In the present paper, I will argue against the use of partial lotteries or partial randomization and instead promote use of a pure lottery in combination with a radical increase in block funding. The main reason for holding this position is that a partial lottery cannot solve the problems inherent in the current funding system, which is based on grant competitions and peer review. A partial lottery cannot decrease the enormous time-waste, reduce the uneven distribution of time between researchers, neutralize expert biases or mitigate academic power asymmetries. Instead, we need a stronger focus on improving general time management in academia by implementing a more holistic model for organizing research opportunities in the future.","PeriodicalId":47427,"journal":{"name":"Minerva","volume":"43 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135820185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pushing Boundaries: The European Universities Initiative as a Case of Transnational Institution Building 推动边界:以跨国制度建设为例的欧洲大学倡议

2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-023-09516-w

Marcelo Marques, Lukas Graf

引用次数: 0

Academic Inbreeding at Universities in the Czech Republic: Beyond Immobile Inbred Employees? 捷克大学的学术近亲繁殖:超越不动的近亲繁殖员工?

2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-023-09515-x

Jan Kohoutek, Karel Hanuš, Marián Sekerák

引用次数: 0

Ursula van Beek (ed.), Democracy under Pressure. Resilience or Retreat? 厄休拉·范·比克主编，《压力下的民主》。坚韧还是退缩?

2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-023-09513-z

Michael Freeden

引用次数: 0

Convergence Research as a ‘System-of-Systems’: A Framework and Research Agenda 作为“系统的系统”的融合研究:一个框架和研究议程

2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-023-09503-1

Lisa C. Gajary, Shalini Misra, Anand Desai, Dean M. Evasius, Joy Frechtling, David A. Pendlebury, Joshua D. Schnell, Gary Silverstein, John Wells

引用次数: 0

Vaccine Hesitancy and the Concept of Trust: An Analysis Based on the Israeli COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign. 疫苗犹豫与信任概念：基于以色列新冠肺炎疫苗接种运动的分析。

IF 3.2 2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2023-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-023-09498-9

Ori Freiman

{"title":"Vaccine Hesitancy and the Concept of Trust: An Analysis Based on the Israeli COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign.","authors":"Ori Freiman","doi":"10.1007/s11024-023-09498-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11024-023-09498-9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the trust relations involved in Israel's COVID-19 vaccination campaign, focusing on vaccine hesitancy and the concept of 'trust'. The first section offers a conceptual analysis of 'trust'. Instead of analyzing trust in the vaccination campaign as a whole, a few objects of trust are identified and examined. In section two, the Israeli vaccination campaign is presented, and the focus is placed on vaccine hesitancy. In section three, different trust relations are examined: public trust in the Israeli government and health institutions, interpersonal trust in healthcare professionals and experts, trust in the pharmaceutical companies that make the COVID-19 vaccine, the US FDA, and trust in the new vaccine and the new technology. Through this complexity of trust relations, I argue that it is impossible to completely separate the trust that the vaccine is safe and effective from social aspects of mistrust. Additionally, practices of silencing and censoring the concerns of vaccine hesitaters - both experts and among the public, are pointed out. I contend that these cases further minimize vaccine hesitaters' trust in vaccine-related entities. In contrast, in section four, I suggest the 'trust-based approach': since vaccine hesitancy is not solely the result of knowledge deficiency but also a lack of trust relations, any campaign that addresses vaccine hesitancy should also focus on trust. The advantages of this approach are spelled out. For governments, a discussion based on trust is, ultimately, the best democratic way to encourage hesitaters to take the plunge and get vaccinated.","PeriodicalId":47427,"journal":{"name":"Minerva","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10256572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9711967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public-Private Partnerships and the Landscape of Neglected Tropical Disease Research: The Shifting Logic and Spaces of Knowledge Production. 公私合作与被忽视的热带疾病研究的前景：知识生产的转变逻辑和空间。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-023-09496-x

Hugo Ferpozzi

{"title":"Public-Private Partnerships and the Landscape of Neglected Tropical Disease Research: The Shifting Logic and Spaces of Knowledge Production.","authors":"Hugo Ferpozzi","doi":"10.1007/s11024-023-09496-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11024-023-09496-x","url":null,"abstract":"Until the recent spread of public-private partnerships, pharmaceutical firms had avoided research and development into neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Because these are diseases that affect the poorest populations in developing regions, research and development initiatives have for the most part depended on the resources and expertise drawn from academia, international organizations, and intermittent state interventions in disease-endemic countries. Over the last few decades, however, public-private product development partnerships (PDPs) have been introducing new collaborative agreements in which the existing resources and expertise combine with the those traditionally withheld by the pharmaceutical industry and global health NGOs. This paper explores recent transformations in the representation of NTDs by examining the shifting logic and spaces of knowledge production which the advent of PDPs has enabled. An analysis of two case studies focused on Chagas disease-related initiatives addresses recurring preoccupations in Science, Technology and Society studies as well as in critical analyses of PDPs: that is, the back-and-forth movement of the disease from being an object of scientific inquiry to a public health concern, and the legitimacy risks and material asymmetries entailed in global health PDPs. Both cases show that it is major global health stakeholders and experts in non-endemic countries, rather than transnational pharmaceutical firms, that exert the greatest influence upon these changing representations: PDPs attempt to expand the preexisting biomedical focus on NTDs by means of incorporating \"real world\" drug development preoccupations (which I term epistemic shifts), but they also combine their stated global humanitarian aim with security concerns about the diseases spreading to non-endemic, industrialized countries (which I term geographical shifts).","PeriodicalId":47427,"journal":{"name":"Minerva","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10234793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9711973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Big Science, Big Trouble? Understanding Conflict in and Around Big Science Projects and Networks 大科学，大麻烦?理解大型科学项目和网络内部及其周围的冲突

2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-023-09497-w

Anna-Lena Rüland

引用次数: 1

"They Don't Understand Us, but We Have to Understand Them": Interrogating the Making of Interdisciplinary Research in Chilean Climate Science. “他们不了解我们，但我们必须了解他们”：质疑智利气候科学跨学科研究的形成。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2023-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-023-09495-y

Tomas Undurraga, Sasha Mudd, Dusan Cotoras, Gonzalo Aguirre, Tamara Orellana

{"title":"\"They Don't Understand Us, but We Have to Understand Them\": Interrogating the Making of Interdisciplinary Research in Chilean Climate Science.","authors":"Tomas Undurraga, Sasha Mudd, Dusan Cotoras, Gonzalo Aguirre, Tamara Orellana","doi":"10.1007/s11024-023-09495-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11024-023-09495-y","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we examine the ways in which the notion of interdisciplinarity was understood, implemented and experienced by researchers at a government-funded Chilean climate research centre. Our multi-site ethnography, consisting of interviews, participant observations, and document analysis, was motivated by three key aims. First, to generate an inductive, multi-faceted picture of the lived meaning of \"interdisciplina\" at the Centre; second, to explore whether and to what extent the \"peripheral\" features of the research context would exacerbate the challenges associated with practicing interdisciplinarity, and third, to see whether frictions between disciplines at the Centre could be considered productive \"dissonances\" in Stark's sense of the term. We found that despite the centre efforts to produce a common framework to regulate interdisciplinary research, its researchers nevertheless understood, enacted and experienced it in diverse ways. More specifically, we found that researcher´s conceptions of interdisciplinarity were coloured by their lived experiences of attempting to practice it, and in particular by the benefits and costs they associated with doing so. This in turn was linked to several variables, including the specific balance between disciplines, the absence or presence of shared, clearly-defined goals, the affirmation of a common research ethic or motivational commitment, and the structural-material conditions of the research in question. We also found that the research conditions characteristic of the Global South do tend to exacerbate the well-documented challenges associated with interdisciplinarity, yet that the adversities associated with precarious conditions were often met by increased resilience and bonding among researchers, who use creative and collaborative strategies to adapt to adversity.","PeriodicalId":47427,"journal":{"name":"Minerva","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10182352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9711970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Masked Truth? Public Discussions about Face Masks on a French Health Forum. 一个被掩盖的真相？法国健康论坛上关于口罩的公开讨论。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-023-09493-0

Madeleine Akrich, Franck Cochoy

{"title":"A Masked Truth? Public Discussions about Face Masks on a French Health Forum.","authors":"Madeleine Akrich, Franck Cochoy","doi":"10.1007/s11024-023-09493-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11024-023-09493-0","url":null,"abstract":"By analyzing the discussion on a health forum, we examine how wearing sanitary masks during the Covid-19 pandemic changed people's lives and what adjustments were required. During our review, we encountered theories referred to by participants as \"conspiracy theories\" that led to heated exchanges on the forum. Surprisingly, these interactions promoted, rather than prevented, collective exploration and resulted in a rich discussion of the issues related to wearing masks. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, we first analyze the dynamics of the discussion, its progression, and the conditions under which it was maintained over time, even given the radical expression of irreconcilable positions. Second, we examine the results of the discussion in terms of describing the problems triggered by the mask and the different authorities on which these descriptions were based. We conclude that the boundaries between science and non-science were occasionally blurred because of the wavering of scientific authorities and the uncertainty of the questions related to the pandemic, rather than because of a generalized distrust of science. We recognize that paradoxically, \"conspiracist\" theories contribute to the production of knowledge and that the adherence to these theories may stem more from the personal experiences of the individuals who profess them, rather than from the contaminating power of conspiracy theories.","PeriodicalId":47427,"journal":{"name":"Minerva","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10106318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9711971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

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