Second Language Research最新文献_第8页

Examining the source of island effects in native speakers and second language learners of English 考察以英语为母语的人和以英语为第二语言的人的岛屿效应来源

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.1177/02676583221099243

Saad Aldosari, Lauren Covey, Alison Gabriele

{"title":"Examining the source of island effects in native speakers and second language learners of English","authors":"Saad Aldosari, Lauren Covey, Alison Gabriele","doi":"10.1177/02676583221099243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583221099243","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate sensitivity to island constraints in English native speakers and Najdi Arabic learners of English, examining (1) whether second language (L2) learners whose native language (L1) does not instantiate overt wh-movement are sensitive to island constraints and (2) the source of island effects. Under a grammatical account of islands, these effects arise due to violations of syntactic constraints. Under the resource-limitation account, island effects arise due to processing difficulty. The source of island effects is interesting to examine in L2 learners because it is possible that reduced processing abilities in the L2 may lead to the low acceptance of sentences with island violations simply due to the complexity of the sentences themselves as opposed to an adherence to grammatical constraints. To tease apart these accounts, we followed Sprouse et al. in focusing on individual differences in working memory (WM). We used an acceptability judgment task (AJT) to quantify island sensitivity and an automated operation span task to measure WM. Building on Sprouse et al., the AJT tested four island types, but we made several modifications to the task design to address concerns raised by Hofmeister et al.: the stimuli included a ‘context’ sentence to improve the naturalness of the complex wh-sentences. The stimuli also included complex wh-fillers (e.g. which worker) as opposed to bare fillers (who), as semantically rich wh-phrases have been found to be easier to process. Our results showed that learners, like natives, exhibited island sensitivity, and there was no evidence that individual differences in WM modulated island sensitivity for either natives or learners. Our results are compatible with the grammatical view of island effects and suggest that wh-dependencies in both L1 and L2 grammars are similarly constrained by syntax.","PeriodicalId":47414,"journal":{"name":"Second Language Research","volume":"202 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The acquisition of L2 allophonic variants: The role of phonological distribution and lexical cues 二语语音变体的习得:音位分布和词汇线索的作用

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/02676583221099237

Shannon L. Barrios, Joselyn M Rodriguez, Taylor Anne Barriuso

{"title":"The acquisition of L2 allophonic variants: The role of phonological distribution and lexical cues","authors":"Shannon L. Barrios, Joselyn M Rodriguez, Taylor Anne Barriuso","doi":"10.1177/02676583221099237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583221099237","url":null,"abstract":"Adult learners acquire second language (L2) allophones with experience. We examine two mechanisms which may support the acquisition of allophonic variants in second language acquisition. One of the mechanisms is based on the distribution of phones with respect to their phonological context (i.e. phonological distribution). The other is based on the role the phones play in contrasting words (i.e. lexical contrast). Experiment 1 established adult native English speakers’ baseline sensitivity to the novel [b]–[β] auditory contrast. In Experiment 2 we examined whether adult native English speakers infer the phonological status of [b] and [β] in an artificial language based only on their distributions to phonological contexts. We observed no evidence that these participants were able to do so. In Experiment 3 we investigated whether learners infer the phonological status of [b] and [β] from the role they play in lexical contrast and observed both perceptual and lexical processing evidence to suggest that adults may use meaning-based cues to the lack of contrast to learn that two phones are allophones of the same phoneme. Together our findings suggest that adult L2 learners may prioritize information about function (in this case, lexical contrast) over the phonological distribution of phones as they determine the phonological status of L2 sounds.","PeriodicalId":47414,"journal":{"name":"Second Language Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"899 - 924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45676781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sign iconicity helps learning new words for abstract concepts in a foreign language 符号象似性有助于学习外语中抽象概念的新单词

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/02676583221093841

Sara Rodríguez-Cuadrado, Fernando Ojedo, Francisco Vicente-Conesa, Carlos Romero-Rivas, Miguel Ángel Carlos Sampedro, Julio Santiago

{"title":"Sign iconicity helps learning new words for abstract concepts in a foreign language","authors":"Sara Rodríguez-Cuadrado, Fernando Ojedo, Francisco Vicente-Conesa, Carlos Romero-Rivas, Miguel Ángel Carlos Sampedro, Julio Santiago","doi":"10.1177/02676583221093841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583221093841","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have explored the use of iconic gestures to improve the learning of foreign vocabulary. In this quest, words for abstract concepts have been largely neglected, under the assumption that abstract concepts have poor or non-existent sensory-motor representations. Yet, the Conceptual Metaphor Theory suggests that they are grounded on concrete concepts. Moreover, analyses of signed languages reveal ways in which signs can exploit metonymies and conceptual metaphors to iconically refer to abstract concepts. Here, we explore whether iconic signs from Spanish Sign Language (LSE) can facilitate the learning of foreign words for abstract concepts in hearing participants who do not know any sign language. In two studies, participants were presented with new labels for abstract and concrete concepts in an artificial language (Vimmi). The labels could be accompanied by either a video of an iconic or non-iconic sign taken from the existing vocabulary of LSE, or a static image of the signer. In study 1, participants did not have to enact the signs they were presented with, while in study 2 they did. Both studies showed that iconic signs facilitated the learning of abstract foreign vocabulary, regardless of enactment. The strategies that sign languages use to develop iconic signs for abstract concepts make those signs useful to assist the learning of foreign words by hearing non-signers.","PeriodicalId":47414,"journal":{"name":"Second Language Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"873 - 898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46437917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Input and competing grammars in L2 syntax 第二语言语法中的输入和竞争语法

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2022-05-02 DOI: 10.1177/02676583221091389

T. Rankin

引用次数: 2

What factors predict perceived nativelikeness in long-term L2 users? 哪些因素可以预测长期二语用户感知到的本土性？

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/02676583221091396

Fanny Forsberg Lundell, Klara Arvidsson, Andreas Jemstedt

{"title":"What factors predict perceived nativelikeness in long-term L2 users?","authors":"Fanny Forsberg Lundell, Klara Arvidsson, Andreas Jemstedt","doi":"10.1177/02676583221091396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583221091396","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated what psychological and social factors predict ‘perceived nativelikeness’ in late second language (L2) learners of French (L1 Swedish) (N = 62) with a minimum length of residence (LOR) of 5 years in France. The included factors were: language aptitude (LLAMA), acculturation (VIA), personality (MPQ), target language engagement and social networks (number of relations in L2). LOR and Length of French studies were also included as extraneous variables. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that positive effects were found for LLAMA D (sound recognition), acculturation (VIA France and VIA Sweden), number of relations in L2 and LOR. A negative effect was found for the personality variable Social initiative. The strongest effects were found for LLAMA D, Social initiative and LOR. All variables together explained 25% (adjusted R²) of the variance in the sample, which represents medium-sized effects in relation to other studies on individual factors. In sum, these findings confirm results from earlier studies on the importance of language aptitude and acculturation in late L2 acquisition. They also add evidence of the importance of personality, social networks, and LOR. On a more general note psychological and social factors combine to explain different outcomes in adult L2 acquisition, although the effects of psychological variables are deemed somewhat stronger.","PeriodicalId":47414,"journal":{"name":"Second Language Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"597 - 622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49627538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The combined effects of L1-specific and extralinguistic factors on individual performance in a tone categorization and word identification task by English-L1 and Mandarin-L1 speakers l1特异性和语言外因素对英语- l1和汉语- l1说话者声调分类和词识别任务个人表现的综合影响

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.1177/02676583221090068

T. Laméris, Brechtje Post

{"title":"The combined effects of L1-specific and extralinguistic factors on individual performance in a tone categorization and word identification task by English-L1 and Mandarin-L1 speakers","authors":"T. Laméris, Brechtje Post","doi":"10.1177/02676583221090068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583221090068","url":null,"abstract":"Adult second language learners often show considerable individual variability in the ease with which lexical tones are learned. It is known that factors pertaining to a learner’s first language (L1; such as L1 tonal status or L1 tone type) as well as extralinguistic factors (such as musical experience and working memory) modulate tone learning facility. However, how such L1-specific and extralinguistic factors affect performance together in dynamic ways is less well understood. Therefore, to unpack the potential interactions between these factors for individual learners, we assessed the combined effects of L1 tonal status, L1 tone type, and musical experience and working memory on second language (L2) tone perception and word learning in a tonal pseudolanguage by English-L1 and Mandarin-L1 adult learners, by using a pre-lexical tone categorization task and a lexical word identification task. We found that L2 tone perception and word learning were primarily facilitated by extralinguistic factors, but that the degree to which learners rely on these factors is modulated by their L1 tonal status, as for instance musical experience facilitated perception and word learning for English, but not for Mandarin participants. We also found clear effects of L1 tone type, as Mandarin participants tended to struggle with categorizing and lexically processing level tone contrasts, which do not occur in Mandarin.","PeriodicalId":47414,"journal":{"name":"Second Language Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"833 - 871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48058575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Native and second language processing of quantifier scope ambiguity 母语和第二语言对量词范围歧义的处理

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1177/02676583221079741

Eun Seon Chung, Jeong-Ah Shin

{"title":"Native and second language processing of quantifier scope ambiguity","authors":"Eun Seon Chung, Jeong-Ah Shin","doi":"10.1177/02676583221079741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583221079741","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates native (L1) and second language (L2) processing of scope ambiguities in English sentences containing the universal quantifier every in subject NP and negation. Previous studies in L1 and L2 processing of scope ambiguities have found speakers to generally employ a ‘minimal effort’ principle that highly prefers the surface scope reading regardless of contextual support because accessing the inverse scope reading incurs significant processing cost. The present study compared L1 and L2 scope judgments and processing strategies of sentences such as Every horse didn’t jump over the fence and examined whether the two groups differ in their speed and manner of analysis. Thirty native English speakers and 42 Korean learners of English participated in a self-paced reading/interpretation task that has context (ambiguous vs. unambiguous) and scope reading (surface vs. inverse) as variables. The results revealed significant differences in scope endorsement rates with L2 learners arriving at the surface scope as the dominant reading and L1 learners’ judgments being highly dependent on contextual ambiguity. Moreover, L1 vs. L2 differences in processing strategies were found: L2 learners exhibited a strong tendency to arrive at the most economical interpretation while L1 speakers consulted detailed syntactic and semantic rules of computation.","PeriodicalId":47414,"journal":{"name":"Second Language Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"785 - 810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44706222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Acquiring Italian stop consonants: A challenge for Mandarin Chinese-speaking learners 汉语普通话学习者面临的挑战

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2022-02-26 DOI: 10.1177/02676583221079147

Qiangze Feng, M. G. Busà

{"title":"Acquiring Italian stop consonants: A challenge for Mandarin Chinese-speaking learners","authors":"Qiangze Feng, M. G. Busà","doi":"10.1177/02676583221079147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583221079147","url":null,"abstract":"The acquisition of Italian stop consonants by Mandarin Chinese-speaking learners has hardly been investigated. This study was designed to fill this gap. To investigate Chinese learners’ acquisition patterns of Italian voiced and voiceless stops, a perception experiment and a production experiment were conducted. Twenty Mandarin Chinese-speaking undergraduate students majoring in Italian, five native Italian and five native Mandarin speakers served as participants in the perception experiment; and an equal number of participants with the same language backgrounds served as participants in the production experiment. In the perception experiment, the participants had to identify the stimuli in three continua (i.e. bilabial, alveolar and velar) where voice onset time (VOT) values ranged from −50 ms to 90 ms in 10 ms steps. In the production experiment, data were collected from a reading task in which the participants were asked to read the target words with word-initial stops in carrier-sentences; the VOT and closure durations were measured. The results show that, in perception, Chinese learners have difficulty differentiating between Italian voiced and voiceless stops; in production, Italian voiced rather than voiceless stops represent a challenge for Chinese learners. The results are in line with the predictions made by the Perceptual Assimilation Model-L2 (PAM-L2) and the Speech Learning Model (SLM), as well as with most other studies focusing on the acquisition of stops of ‘true-voice languages’ by Chinese learners.","PeriodicalId":47414,"journal":{"name":"Second Language Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"759 - 783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42450650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Orthography does not hinder non-native production learning in children 矫形术不会阻碍儿童的非本土生产性学习

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2022-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/02676583221076645

Katja Immonen, Kimmo U Peltola, Henna Tamminen, P. Alku, Maija S. Peltola

{"title":"Orthography does not hinder non-native production learning in children","authors":"Katja Immonen, Kimmo U Peltola, Henna Tamminen, P. Alku, Maija S. Peltola","doi":"10.1177/02676583221076645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583221076645","url":null,"abstract":"Children are known to be fast learners due to their neural plasticity. Learning a non-native language (L2) requires the mastering of new production patterns. In classroom settings, learners are not only exposed to the acoustic input, but also to the unfamiliar grapheme–phoneme correspondences of the L2 orthography. We tested how 9–10-year-old children, with Finnish as a native language (L1), respond to a two-day listen-and-repeat training paradigm, where they simultaneously hear acoustic stimuli and see orthographic cues. In the procedure, non-words containing the L2 vowel /ʉ/ were presented simultaneously with an orthographic cue showing , guiding pronunciation towards the L1 vowel /u/ according to Finnish grapheme–phoneme correspondences. Earlier studies showed that Finnish adults rely on the orthographic cue over the acoustic one, leading them to produce /u/ instead of /ʉ/ when presented with the incongruent L1–L2 grapheme–phoneme correspondence ( – L1: /u/, L2: /ʉ/). Also, an earlier result from age-matched children receiving only acoustic input showed relatively fast pronunciation changes towards the target vowel. Our present results indicate clear and fast production learning of the non-native sound, and the misleading orthographic cue did not draw attention away from the target acoustic form. With orthographic cues, the participants learned to produce novel sounds faster than without them.","PeriodicalId":47414,"journal":{"name":"Second Language Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"565 - 577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45733555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epistemic reasoning in pragmatic inferencing by non-native speakers: The case of scalar implicatures 非母语人士语用推理中的认知推理:标量蕴涵的情况

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2022-01-09 DOI: 10.1177/02676583211069735

Jun Zhang, Yan Wu

{"title":"Epistemic reasoning in pragmatic inferencing by non-native speakers: The case of scalar implicatures","authors":"Jun Zhang, Yan Wu","doi":"10.1177/02676583211069735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583211069735","url":null,"abstract":"Scalar implicatures involve inferring the use of a less informative term (e.g. some) to mean the negation of a more informative term (e.g. not all). A growing body of recent research on the derivation of scalar implicatures by adult second language (L2) learners shows that while they are successful in acquiring the knowledge of scalar implicatures, a property at the semantics–pragmatics interface, it remains controversial as to which mechanism, default or non-default, could account for L2 learners’ derivation of scalar implicatures. The present study used an online self-paced reading task to address this issue by examining the role of the speaker’s knowledge state in the interpretation of the existential quantifier some by Chinese-speaking learners of English in incremental sentence processing. Results showed that both L2 and native participants demonstrated comparable online sensitivity to the speaker’s knowledge state. Critically, when the scalar implicature was computed in situations where the speaker was more likely to know whether the statement with the stronger alternative was true, it gave rise to measurable reading latency, indicative of increased processing costs. We conclude by arguing that our findings are compatible with the context-driven models within the Gricean tradition.","PeriodicalId":47414,"journal":{"name":"Second Language Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"697 - 729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48385954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1