Second Language Research最新文献_第10页

Promoting L2 acquisition of multiword units through textually enhanced audiovisual input: An eye-tracking study 通过文本增强的视听输入促进多词单元的二语习得：一项眼动追踪研究

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/02676583211049741

Eva Puimège, Maribel Montero Perez, E. Peters

{"title":"Promoting L2 acquisition of multiword units through textually enhanced audiovisual input: An eye-tracking study","authors":"Eva Puimège, Maribel Montero Perez, E. Peters","doi":"10.1177/02676583211049741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583211049741","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effect of textual enhancement on learners’ attention to and learning of multiword units from captioned audiovisual input. We adopted a within-participants design in which 28 learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) watched a captioned video containing enhanced (underlined) and unenhanced multiword units. Using eye-tracking, we measured learners’ online processing of the multiword units as they appeared in the captions. Form recall pre- and posttests measured learners’ acquisition of the target items. The results of mixed effects models indicate that enhanced items received greater visual attention, with longer reading times, less single word skipping and more rereading. Further, a positive relationship was found between amount of visual attention and learning odds: items fixated longer, particularly during the first pass, were more likely to be recalled in an immediate posttest. Our findings provide empirical support for the positive effect of visual attention on form recall of multiword units encountered in captioned television. The results also suggest that item difficulty and amount of attention were more important than textual enhancement in predicting learning gains.","PeriodicalId":47414,"journal":{"name":"Second Language Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"471 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42798411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

The role of L1 reading direction on L2 perceptual span: An eye-tracking study investigating Hindi and Urdu speakers 母语阅读方向对二语知觉广度的影响:一项针对印地语和乌尔都语使用者的眼动追踪研究

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.1177/02676583211049742

Leigh B. Fernandez, Ricarda Bothe, Shanley EM Allen

{"title":"The role of L1 reading direction on L2 perceptual span: An eye-tracking study investigating Hindi and Urdu speakers","authors":"Leigh B. Fernandez, Ricarda Bothe, Shanley EM Allen","doi":"10.1177/02676583211049742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583211049742","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study we used the gaze-contingent moving window paradigm to directly compare the second language (L2) English perceptual span of two groups that speak languages with essentially the same lexicon and grammar but crucially with different writing directions (and scripts): Hindi (read left to right) and Urdu (read right to left). This is the first study to directly compare first language (L1) speakers of languages that differ primarily in reading direction in a common L2, English. While Urdu speakers had a slightly faster reading rate, we found no additional differences between Hindi and Urdu speakers when reading L2 English; both groups showed a perceptual span between 9 and 11 characters to the right of the fixation based on saccade length. This suggests little to no influence of L1 reading direction on L2 perceptual span, but rather that L2 perceptual span is influenced by allocation of attention during reading. Our data are in line with research by Leung et al. (2014) finding that L2 speakers have a smaller perceptual span than native speakers (L1 perceptual span is approximately 15 characters to the right of the fixation). This most likely stems from the increased demands associated with reading in a second language, which led to a reduction in the amount of attention that can be allocated outside of the current fixation.","PeriodicalId":47414,"journal":{"name":"Second Language Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"447 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46182993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The complex relationship between conscious/unconscious learning and conscious/unconscious knowledge: The mediating effects of salience in form–meaning connections 有意识/无意识学习与有意识/无意识知识的复杂关系:显著性在形式-意义联系中的中介作用

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/02676583211044950

Junya Fukuta, J. Yamashita

{"title":"The complex relationship between conscious/unconscious learning and conscious/unconscious knowledge: The mediating effects of salience in form–meaning connections","authors":"Junya Fukuta, J. Yamashita","doi":"10.1177/02676583211044950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583211044950","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates how implicit and explicit learning and knowledge are associated, by focusing on the salience of target form–meaning connections. The participants were engaged in incidental learning of artificial determiner systems that included grammatical rules of [± plural] (a taught rule), [± actor] (a more salient hidden rule), and [± animate] (a less salient hidden rule). They completed immediate and delayed post-tests by means of a two-alternative forced-choice task with subjective judgments of source attributions. Awareness during the learning phase was identified through analysis of thinking aloud protocols. The results did not support a one-to-one relation between either explicit learning and conscious knowledge, or implicit learning and unconscious knowledge; rather, they indicated that implicit and explicit learning are intricately linked to conscious and unconscious knowledge mediated by the salience of form–meaning connections in target items. This result also suggests the possibility of the later emergence of knowledge without any conscious awareness of it.","PeriodicalId":47414,"journal":{"name":"Second Language Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"425 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49086229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

L1 phonological effects on L2 (non-)naïve perception: A cross-language investigation of the oral–nasal vowel contrast in Brazilian Portuguese 母语语音对第二语言(非)naïve感知的影响:巴西葡萄牙语口鼻元音对比的跨语言研究

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/02676583211044953

R. Martínez, H. Goad, Michael Dow

{"title":"L1 phonological effects on L2 (non-)naïve perception: A cross-language investigation of the oral–nasal vowel contrast in Brazilian Portuguese","authors":"R. Martínez, H. Goad, Michael Dow","doi":"10.1177/02676583211044953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583211044953","url":null,"abstract":"Feature-based approaches to acquisition principally focus on second language (L2) learners’ ability to perceive non-native consonants when the features required are either contrastively present or entirely absent from the first language (L1) grammar. As features may function contrastively or allophonically in the consonant and/or vowel systems of a language, we expand the scope of this research to address whether features that function contrastively in the L1 vowel system can be recombined to yield new vowels in the L2; whether features that play a contrastive role in the L1 consonant system can be reassigned to build new vowels in the L2; and whether L1 allophonic features can be ‘elevated’ to contrastive status in the L2. We examine perception of the oral–nasal contrast in Brazilian Portuguese listeners from French, English, Caribbean Spanish, and non-Caribbean Spanish backgrounds, languages that differ in the status assigned to [nasal] in their vowel systems. An AXB discrimination task revealed that, although all language groups succeeded in perceiving the non-naïve contrast /e/–/ẽ/ due to their previous exposure to Québec French while living in Montréal, Canada, only French and Caribbean Spanish speakers succeeded in discriminating the naïve contrast /i/–/ĩ/. These findings suggest that feature redeployment at first exposure is only possible if the feature is contrastive in the L1 vowel system (French) or if the feature is allophonic but variably occurs in contrastive contexts in the L1 vowel system (Caribbean Spanish). With more exposure to a non-native contrast, however, feature redeployment from consonant to vowel systems was also supported, as was the possibility that allophonic features may be elevated to contrastive status in the L2.","PeriodicalId":47414,"journal":{"name":"Second Language Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"387 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49211388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Research Reporting, Research Questions, and Replication 研究报告，研究问题和复制

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.4324/9781003188414-4

A. Mackey, S. Gass

引用次数: 0

Mixed Methods 混合方法

IF 2.4 2区文学

Second Language Research Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.4324/9781003188414-25

A. Mackey, S. Gass

引用次数: 0

Research Variables, Validity, and Reliability 研究变量、有效性和可靠性