{"title":"The casual within the formal: A model and measure of informal learning in higher education","authors":"Julian Decius, Janika Dannowsky, Niclas Schaper","doi":"10.1177/14697874221087427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14697874221087427","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research and practice have recognized the importance of informal learning—a specific type of active learning—for higher education contexts. University students learn not only in formally organized courses, but also in a self-directed and intentional way from fellow students, through trial and error, and by reflection. However, there has been a lack of valid measures to operationalize students’ informal learning. In this study, we thus develop the Informal Student Learning (ISL) scale for higher education, building on the Octagon Model of Informal Workplace Learning and the model’s associated measure from the vocational learning context. Our scale contains eight components with three items each. Using three samples of university students (<i>N</i> = 545, <i>N</i> = 818, <i>N</i> = 310), we examined the model structure of ISL and the scale’s validity in an international context. The results show that the conceptual structure of informal <i>workplace</i> learning and informal <i>student</i> learning is similar for <i>intent to learn</i> and <i>reflection</i>, but different for <i>experience/action</i> and <i>feedback</i>. Examining validity, we found evidence for concurrent validity in terms of study-related self-efficacy and academic performance, and for convergent and discriminant validity indicators of the eight ISL components. The scale has configural and metric measurement invariance for age, gender, and academic achievement, and additionally scalar invariance for age. Potential applications of the new measure in the context of active learning for research, for lecturers, and for students are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47411,"journal":{"name":"Active Learning in Higher Education","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138528941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paper versus online quizzes: Which is more effective?","authors":"Neşe Sevim-Cirak, Omer Faruk Islim","doi":"10.1177/14697874221079737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14697874221079737","url":null,"abstract":"Today, as more and more people enroll to higher education, educational authorities, and institutions continually need to update their curricula and to find alternative and innovative ways to support the active participation of learners. Student Response Systems (SRSs) have become one of the most common tools used in today’s classrooms. Along with the development of technology, several online tools were provided to a sample of teachers in order to conduct an assessment within the classroom environment as an alternative to classic SRSs. “Kahoot!” is one such tool used within the educational setting. The purpose of this study was to reveal the effects of using Kahoot! on preservice teachers’ academic achievement, as well as on their retention when Kahoot! was used as a formative assessment tool. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with 91 preservice teachers during the fall semester of the 2019–2020 academic year. Data were collected via three quizzes, a midterm exam, and a retention test. The study’s results indicate that the students who were applied paper-based quizzes had higher exam and retention test scores.","PeriodicalId":47411,"journal":{"name":"Active Learning in Higher Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46446400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Oliván-Blázquez, A. Aguilar-Latorre, Santiago Gascón-Santos, Mª José Gómez-Poyato, D. Valero-Errazu, R. Magallón-Botaya, Rachel Heah, A. Porroche-Escudero
{"title":"Comparing the use of flipped classroom in combination with problem-based learning or with case-based learning for improving academic performance and satisfaction","authors":"B. Oliván-Blázquez, A. Aguilar-Latorre, Santiago Gascón-Santos, Mª José Gómez-Poyato, D. Valero-Errazu, R. Magallón-Botaya, Rachel Heah, A. Porroche-Escudero","doi":"10.1177/14697874221081550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14697874221081550","url":null,"abstract":"Active learning methodologies, such as flipped classroom (FC), generate a higher level of student engagement, greater dynamism in learning and more significant interactions with course content. Some other active methodologies used in the academic environment are problem-based learning (PBL) and case study (CS). There are few studies that analyse FC combined with PBL class activities or with course-based learning (CBL) activities, however, in fact, there are no studies that analyse which combination of activities would lead to better academic performance and student satisfaction. The main aim of this study is to comparate FC methodology, combined with PBL activities or with CBL activities, in improving the academic performance of undergraduate social work students. This work also intends to analyse the level of satisfaction with the course and the methodology used. A class level randomisation study was performed. Both groups in the study used an FC active methodology, but group 1 applied this methodology with PBL, whereas group 2 applied it in conjunction with a CBL methodology. The students also had to do activities at home that were related to the PBL or CS methodology. There were significant differences in both categorical and quantitative exam scores, with the group that had applied the FC + PBL methodology achieving a higher grade in the exam and containing a higher percentage of students who passed or received merit and outstanding grades. In general, there was a good level of satisfaction in both groups and there were no significant differences across all items asked, except for ‘It helps critical thinking’ and ‘It helps to apply theory to assessment’, which were evaluated more favourably by the FC + CBL students.","PeriodicalId":47411,"journal":{"name":"Active Learning in Higher Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47425367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"College student engagement in OER design projects: Impacts on attitudes, motivation, and learning","authors":"Torrey Trust, Robert W. Maloy, Sharon Edwards","doi":"10.1177/14697874221081454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14697874221081454","url":null,"abstract":"Open educational resources (OER), which are teaching, learning, and research materials that are openly licensed, are growing in popularity in higher education. Previous studies have focused on faculty and student perceptions and use of OER. In this study, we examined how actively engaging students as curators and designers of OERs through project-based learning as part of an open educational practice shaped students’ attitudes, motivation, and learning. This paper presents post-course survey data collected from 69 undergraduate and graduate students from six different courses that featured OER design projects, including: (1) A digital media online course; (2) Online tools for teaching and learning website; (3) History/social studies wiki pages; (4) Campus resources film project; (5) Professional learning networks for educators online course; and (6) Teaching with technology eBook. Findings indicate that shifting students’ roles from consumers to curators and creators of OERs increased motivation, improved attitudes about learning, aided the achievement of course learning objectives, and supported the development of valuable skills for 21st century success.","PeriodicalId":47411,"journal":{"name":"Active Learning in Higher Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43107447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing strategies for active participation of students in group discussions","authors":"A. Rezaei","doi":"10.1177/14697874221075719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14697874221075719","url":null,"abstract":"Providing an active learning environment and engaging students in classroom discussion could be quite challenging. This study used a quasi-experimental method to manipulate students’ incentives for participation in group discussion to investigate its impact on students’ learning outcomes. Two research methods courses taught over four years by the author were examined. Eighty samples of students’ online discussions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to assess the impact of four different strategies on quantity, quality, and outcome of students’ group discussions. The results showed significant differences in all aspects. The implications of the results for teachers who plan to use group discussion in their courses are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered.","PeriodicalId":47411,"journal":{"name":"Active Learning in Higher Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48131823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Sulé, Abigail Sachs, Courtney Mansor, Rachel Smydra
{"title":"The case for case studies: Dialogic engagement and case study creation in a higher education classroom","authors":"V. Sulé, Abigail Sachs, Courtney Mansor, Rachel Smydra","doi":"10.1177/14697874221075297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14697874221075297","url":null,"abstract":"As engagement and work with diverse others has grown increasingly important in the world, many educators have committed to enhancing students’ ability to address complex equity-based issues in their profession and everyday lives. Although there is growing literature on the value of using case studies and small group dialog, very little exists on dialogic, cooperative case study creation. Using critical pedagogy and constructivism as the epistemic lenses, this study qualitatively examines how students gauge their learning in a course focusing on knowledge development through dialog and cooperative case study creation. Findings indicate that the experiential and collaborative nature of the course fostered learning that has implications for engagement with diverse others and with dealing with equity-based issues. The study adds to knowledge about the functionality of case studies, particularly student-created case studies.","PeriodicalId":47411,"journal":{"name":"Active Learning in Higher Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42286441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julian Börger, Markus Spilles, Johanna Krull, Tobias Hagen, Thomas Hennemann
{"title":"Fostering university students’ learning performance using the one-take video approach","authors":"Julian Börger, Markus Spilles, Johanna Krull, Tobias Hagen, Thomas Hennemann","doi":"10.1177/14697874211069524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14697874211069524","url":null,"abstract":"Various studies have shown that video-based learning by explaining to a fictitious audience can be an effective learning strategy for promoting multiple knowledge domains such as memory, comprehension and knowledge transfer. However, field studies testing the effectiveness of this learning strategy in an applied setting are rare. The present study examines the effectiveness of the one-take video (OTV) approach on undergraduate students’ learning performance. The OTV method involves users recording short oral presentations without any editing and with the support of handwritten visualisations (video-based learning by explaining). To test the learning outcomes, 218 undergraduate teaching students for special educational needs were randomly assigned to two test groups (OTV and explaining in writing). After that, they completed three study tasks throughout the semester, each followed by immediate and delayed knowledge tests. The results for the OTV group show that students achieved significantly better results in the immediate memory test the more handwritten visualisations they used, but not the more often they repeated the video recordings. Analyses of variance revealed that the OTV group outperformed the writing group in terms of memory performance in the immediate test but not in the delayed posttest. The OTV group also significantly outperformed the writing group in both posttests in the transfer domain. No significant differences were found in the comprehension test scores.","PeriodicalId":47411,"journal":{"name":"Active Learning in Higher Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42723961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflection on peer reviewing as a pedagogical tool in higher education","authors":"Karin Väyrynen, Sonja Lutovac, Raimo Kaasila","doi":"10.1177/14697874211073045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14697874211073045","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has emphasized both the importance of giving and receiving peer feedback for the purpose of active learning, as well as of university students’ engagement in reflection to improve learning outcomes. However, requiring students to explicitly reflect on peer reviewing is an understudied learning activity in higher education that may contribute to the utilization of peer-feedback and promote further learning. In this study, we suggest reflection on peer reviewing as one approach to providing a platform for students to engage in reflective practices and for stimulating active learning in higher education, and to make that learning visible to the educator. We examine 26 undergraduate students’ reflections on peer-review to identify categories of reflection and what students have learnt from the peer reviewing process. Our findings reveal six different categories of reflection suggesting students’ active engagement in learning and pointing to the ways educators can direct and instruct students how to reflect. We discuss how these findings can inform university lecturers in the use of reflection upon peer reviewing as a pedagogical tool in higher education.","PeriodicalId":47411,"journal":{"name":"Active Learning in Higher Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49100320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew Jones, Jedediah E Blanton, Rachel E Williams
{"title":"Science to practice: Does gamification enhance intrinsic motivation?","authors":"Matthew Jones, Jedediah E Blanton, Rachel E Williams","doi":"10.1177/14697874211066882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14697874211066882","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Self-determination theory (SDT) has empirical support in understanding and enhancing motivation in a variety of contexts, including education settings. Niemac and Ryan have highlighted that using SDT in course design can lead to stronger fulfilment of an internal locus of causality regarding course work. One course design method anchored in SDT is gameful learning—structuring tasks that support intrinsic motivation, primarily increasing autonomy over learning. A gamified classroom (GC) may offer more assignments and points than minimally necessary for students to earn a passing mark, allowing students choice in which projects to pursue. Further research is needed to examine the degree to which students’ motivations differ between a GC and a non-gamified classroom (NGC). The purpose of the current study was to determine if students in a GC were more intrinsically motivated than students in NGC. Students were enrolled in an undergraduate kinesiology course using a GC design (<i>n</i> = 24) or NGC design (<i>n</i> = 26) and completed an online survey – derived from the intrinsic motivation inventory and the test anxiety questionnaire—at the beginning and end of the semester. In the GC, students started with zero points, and were offered multiple assignments with scaffolded difficulty to reach their desired grade. The NGC used a traditional 100% grade range, with only required assignments and exams, and students lost points for inadequate or inaccurate responses. Following analyses, it was revealed that students in the GC had higher perceptions of autonomy and competence than students in the NGC. Where these differences exist over time, along with differences in other subscales, will be discussed further. Educators seeking to enhance student motivation and engagement may therefore look to gamification as an appropriate methodology.</p>","PeriodicalId":47411,"journal":{"name":"Active Learning in Higher Education","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138528967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice V. Brown, Jill Lawrence, Marita Basson, M. Axelsen, P. Redmond, Joanna Turner, S. Maloney, Linda Galligan
{"title":"The creation of a nudging protocol to support online student engagement in higher education","authors":"Alice V. Brown, Jill Lawrence, Marita Basson, M. Axelsen, P. Redmond, Joanna Turner, S. Maloney, Linda Galligan","doi":"10.1177/14697874211039077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14697874211039077","url":null,"abstract":"Combining nudge theory with learning analytics, ‘nudge analytics’, is a relatively recent phenomenon in the educational context. Used, for example, to address such issues as concerns with student (dis)engagement, nudging students to take certain action or to change a behaviour towards active learning, can make a difference. However, knowing who to nudge, how to nudge or when to nudge can be a challenge. Providing students with strategic, sensitive nudges that help to move them forward is almost an art form. It requires not only technical skills to use appropriate software and interpret data, but careful consideration of what to say and how to say it. In this article a nudge protocol is presented that can be used in online courses to encourage student engagement with key course resources that are integral to supporting their learning.","PeriodicalId":47411,"journal":{"name":"Active Learning in Higher Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41695397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}