Womens Health最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the Full Plate Living lifestyle intervention in low-income monolingual Latinas with and without food insecurity","authors":"Maud Joachim-Célestin, Nicholas J. Rockwood, Camille Clarke, S. Montgomery","doi":"10.1177/17455057221091350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057221091350","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Food insecurity has long been associated with poor physical and mental health, especially among women from underrepresented minorities. Despite efforts to reduce food insecurity, rates continue to rise and remain disproportionately high among Latinx living in the United States, a group reporting worse mental health symptoms than any other ethnic group during the COVID-19 pandemic. The need to reduce the health burden associated with food insecurity among Latinas is urgent and requires a more targeted and innovative approach. Interventions using a popular education approach have proven effective among underserved populations, especially when these are delivered by community health workers. However, food insecurity status of the participants is often unreported and it is not clear whether or not results vary between those with and without food insecurity. Objectives: The aim of this quasi-experimental study was to examine physical and mental health changes among Latinas with, and without, food insecurity following a multicomponent health intervention led by community health workers using a popular education approach. Methods: Enrolled obese Latinas (N = 98) with and without food insecurity responded to demographic, health behaviors and mental health surveys and completed biometric measurements at baseline, immediately following the intervention and at 3 months. Results: At baseline, participants with food insecurity reported more anxiety and depression than those without, but average body mass index was comparable. Depression, anxiety and body mass index were lower at 3 months post and no statistically significant differences were seen between the groups. Participants with food insecurity benefited as much from the intervention as those without. We found that, although community health workers are not licensed healthcare professionals, with proper training and support, they were able to successfully reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve mental health symptoms among food-insecure Latinas. Conclusion: Given the promising results, similar interventions should be implemented on a larger scale in Latino communities among food insecure women. Long-term sustainability should also be explored.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65539719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older women: A cross-sectional study","authors":"M. A. Moreira, S. D. da Câmara, S. Fernandes, I. G. Azevedo, Alvaro Campos Cavalcanti Maciel","doi":"10.1177/17455065211070673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17455065211070673","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome between different age groups of middle-aged and older women and to assess whether these differences are independent of potential covariates. Methods: Study conducted with 510 women divided into three age groups: 45–54, 55–64 and 65–74 years. Socioeconomic, reproductive and lifestyle variables were self-reported. We defined metabolic syndrome using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (abdominal obesity, diabetes, reduced high-density lipoprotein, elevated triglycerides, and hypertension). Logistic regression assessed the association between age groups, and metabolic syndrome was adjusted for covariates (socioeconomic variables, age at menarche and at first childbirth, parity, menopausal status, physical activity variables and smoking). Results: Women aged 55–64 years presented higher prevalence of all metabolic syndrome criteria than the other groups, except for abdominal obesity, which was higher in the oldest group. In the fully adjusted analysis, the 55–64 years age group continues to exhibit significantly higher odds of presenting metabolic syndrome when compared to the youngest group (45–54 years) (OR = 2.257; 95% CI = 1.20:4.24). There was no statistical difference in the odds of presenting metabolic syndrome when comparing the oldest and the youngest groups (OR = 1.500; 95% CI = 0.85:2.65). Conclusion: The higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome among those aged 55–64 years may indicate that middle-aged women become unhealthy earlier in the life course and that many of them may die prematurely. This result highlights the importance of screening metabolic syndrome earlier in the midlife and the need for public health policies aimed at reducing adverse effects in later years.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42080125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Puerperal sepsis-related knowledge and reported self-care practices among postpartum women in Dar es salaam, Tanzania","authors":"Dorice B Nchimbi, A. Joho","doi":"10.1177/17455057221082954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057221082954","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knowledge and reported self-care practices of postpartum women are important for early detection, prevention and treatment of puerperal sepsis. Objectives: This study analyzes the knowledge and self-care practices for prevention of puerperal sepsis and their determinants among postpartum women. Methods: A hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study which included 343 postpartum women was conducted from February to March 2021. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Predictors of knowledge and self-care reported practice were determined using binary logistic regression. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: More than half (n = 213, 62.1%) of the postpartum women had adequate knowledge on prevention of puerperal sepsis. Only 39 (11.4%) of the women reported adequate self-care practices toward prevention of puerperal sepsis. Secondary education (adjusted odds ratio = 0.18, 95% confidence interval = 0.06–0.49, p = 0.001), tertiary education (adjusted odds ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval = 0.19–1.38, p = 0.021) and getting information from healthcare providers (adjusted odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 0.55–2.06, p = 0.049) were significant determinants of knowledge on prevention of puerperal sepsis. Also, secondary education (adjusted odds ratio = 0.11, 95% confidence interval = 0.04–0.30, p = 0.001), tertiary education (adjusted odds ratio = 0.16, 95% confidence interval = 0.06–0.39, p = 0.001), and having more than four antenatal care visits (adjusted odds ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval = 0.49–3.27, p = 0.041) were significant determinants of reported self-care practices for prevention of puerperal sepsis. Conclusion: A significant gap in reported self-care practices to prevent puerperal sepsis was evidence. Secondary and tertiary education were significant predictors for both knowledge and self-care reported practices. Special attention should be given to women with low education level.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43914073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Justice for Incarcerated Moms Act of 2021: Reflections and recommendations","authors":"Rebecca J. Shlafer, Erica Gerrity, Chauntel Norris, Rachel Freeman-Cook, Carolyn B Sufrin","doi":"10.1177/17455057221093037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057221093037","url":null,"abstract":"In the last five decades, the number of women behind bars in the United States has risen exponentially. It is now estimated that there are nearly 58,000 admissions of pregnant people—disproportionately women of color—to jails and prisons each year. Recognizing the urgency and consequences of mass incarceration on pregnant people, their families, and communities, House Resolution 948: Justice for Incarcerated Moms Act of 2021 was introduced to Congress as a part of the Black Maternal Health Momnibus. The Justice for Incarcerated Moms Act aims to improve health care and promote dignity for incarcerated pregnant and parenting people through an array of policies and oversight. In this article, we review and reflect on the components of this bill within their broader public health and reproductive justice contexts. We close with recommendations for policymakers and professionals committed to promoting equity and justice for pregnant and postpartum incarcerated people.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43918266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with viral suppression among cisgender women living with human immunodeficiency virus in the United States: An integrative review","authors":"Titilola Labisi, A. Podany, N. Fadul, Jason D. Coleman, Keyonna M. King","doi":"10.1177/17455057221092267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057221092267","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Women account for 23% of new human immunodeficiency virus diagnoses in the United States, yet remain understudied. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and consequent viral suppression are keys to preventing human immunodeficiency virus transmission, reducing risk of drug resistance, and improving health outcomes. Objectives: This review identified and synthesized peer-reviewed studies in the United States describing factors associated with viral suppression among cisgender women living with human immunodeficiency virus. Methods: We searched five databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO, and reported the findings using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Eligible studies included: (1) peer-reviewed English-language articles published since 2010; (2) includes only cisgender women; (3) participants were at least 18 years of age; (4) reported metrics on viral loads; and (5) conducted in the United States. Results: Fourteen studies in total were reviewed. Eight studies had adult women living with human immunodeficiency virus, four recruited only pregnant women, and two included only racial minority women. The most commonly reported factors negatively associated with viral suppression were substance use (n = 4), followed by availability of health insurance, financial constraint, complexity of human immunodeficiency virus treatment regimen (n = 3), and intimate partner violence (n = 2). Other factors were depression, race, and age. In addition, all four studies that included only pregnant women reported early human immunodeficiency virus care engagement as a significant predictor of low viral loads pre- and post-partum. Conclusion: Substance use, financial constraint, lack of health insurance, human immunodeficiency virus treatment regimen type, intimate partner violence, and late human immunodeficiency virus care pre–post pregnancy were the most common factors negatively associated with viral suppression. There is a paucity of data on viral suppression factors related to transgender and rural populations. More human immunodeficiency virus research is needed to explore factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus treatment outcomes in transgender women and cisgender women in rural U.S. regions.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49313754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and related factors among pregnant women at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: Anemia highly related with H. pylori","authors":"H. Yisak, Debaka Belete, Yeserk Mahtsentu","doi":"10.1177/17455057221092266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057221092266","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Infection with Helicobacter pylori is one of the most frequent chronic bacterial illnesses in humans. Pregnant mothers are the populations most vulnerable to H. pylori infection. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of H. pylori infection and associated factors among pregnant mothers having antenatal care at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods and materials: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 290 pregnant women. The stool antigen test is used to detect the active presence of the H. pylori antigen in the feces. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess potential factors responsible for H. pylori infection. Variables associated with the prevalence of H. pylori infection with (p-value < 0.05) were considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 17.9%, with 95% (CI: 13.4%–22.3%). In all, 65.4% of H. pylori infection positive mothers had gastrointestinal problems and developed symptoms like abdominal cramp and diarrhea 1 (1.92%), loss of appetite 10 (19.23%), hiccups 9 (17.31%), abdominal pain which worsens when the stomach is empty 19 (36.54%), indigestion, and frequent heart burn 13 (25%) during the present pregnancy. Lesser frequency of handwashing practice AOR = 3.09, 95% CI (1.14–8.34), use of soap for handwashing AOR = 0.44, 95% CI (0.19–0.98), eating unwashed vegetables and fruits AOR = 2.279, 95% CI (1.03–5.04), and not being anemic AOR = 0.268, 95% CI (0.10– 0.71), were significantly associated with H. pylori infection. Conclusions: This study shows that the prevalence of H. pylori infection among pregnant women was low compared with that of the general population. Although in the lower prevalence, the level of anemia was strongly associated with the prevalence of H. pylori infection. This implies that H. pylori infection is a public health problem.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49560084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilevel analysis of factors associated with utilization of institutional delivery in Ethiopia","authors":"Sali Suleman Hassen, Sebwedin Surur Jemal, Meseret Mesfin Bambo, Mesfin Esayas Lelisho, Seid Ali Tareke, Amanuel Mengistu Merera, Admasu Markos Kontuab","doi":"10.1177/17455057221099505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057221099505","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The maternal mortality rate in poor nations remains unacceptably high. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with institutional delivery usage. Methods: The data came from the Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey, which was conducted in 2019. This study comprised 3978 women of reproductive age who had given birth within the previous 5 years. To uncover significantly linked parameters associated with institutional delivery, we used a multilevel logistic regression model. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05, and we assessed the strength of association using adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: More than half of the women (53.67%) among 3978 women with last birth had their babies delivered in a health facility. In the multilevel logistic regression analysis, women in age group 45–49 (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.280, 4.591), primary educational level (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.864, 2.625, secondary and above education level (AOR = 6.37, 95% CI: 4.600, 8.837), being Muslim (AOR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.245, 2.166), women who visited ANC service four up to seven times (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI: 2.175, 3.473), women visited ANC service eight times and above (AOR = 3.295% CI: 1.685, 6.050), women who reside in middle wealth index (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.273, 1.950), and rich wealth index (AOR = 3.43, 95% CI: 2.782, 4.225) were more likely to give birth at health institution compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, women being in rural area (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI:- 0.283, 0.474) and protestant women (AOR = 0.1.57, 95% CI: 0.479, 0.852) were less likely to deliver at health institution. Conclusions: Ethiopia still has a low level of institutionalized delivery. Institutional delivery in Ethiopia should be improved through context-specific and personalized programs, such as educating women and enhancing access to ANC services.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41504121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative analysis of Medicaid beneficiaries perceptions of prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling","authors":"Lindsey Yates, S. Birken, T. Thompson, G. Stuart, S. Greene, K. Hassmiller Lich, Morris Weinberger","doi":"10.1177/17455057221124079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057221124079","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: In the United States, about four out of every ten births are financed by Medicaid, making it a program that is key in addressing racial disparities in maternal health. Many women covered by Medicaid have access to prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling that can aid them in their postpartum contraception decision-making. However, existing inequities within Medicaid and a history of reproductive harms targeting Black women and women with low incomes may contribute to women with Medicaid having different experiences of contraception counseling. This qualitative study explores how Black women and White women insured by Medicaid perceive prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling and identifies additional factors that shape their contraception decision-making. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 Medicaid beneficiaries who delivered at a public teaching hospital in North Carolina. Interviews focused on women’s beliefs about planning for pregnancy, experiences with prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling, and perceived need for postpartum contraception. We used a priori and emergent codes to analyze interviews. Results: Seven Black women and eight White women completed interviews 14–60 days postpartum. All women reported receiving prenatal and immediate postpartum counseling. Several women described receiving prenatal counseling, reflective of patient-centered contraception counseling, that helped in their postpartum contraception decision-making; one woman described receiving immediate postpartum counseling that helped in her decision-making. Some Black women reported receiving unsupportive/coercive contraception counseling. In addition to contraception counseling, past reproductive health experiences and future pregnancy intentions were salient to women’s contraception decision-making. Conclusions: Prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling can help some Medicaid beneficiaries with their postpartum contraception decision, but past reproductive health experiences and future pregnancy intentions are also relevant. Counseling that does not consider these experiences may be harmful, particularly to Black women, further contributing to racial disparities in maternal postpartum health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42443757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘We go where we know’: Reflections from Mobilizing for PrEP and Sexual Health (MobPrESH) – A peer-led PrEP education programme across England, for and by women and non-binary people","authors":"P. Grenfell, Sabrina Rafael, J. Calliste, W. Nutland","doi":"10.1177/17455057221091727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057221091727","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis is a highly effective method of HIV prevention but few women know about it, have access to it, or see it as relevant to them. In 2019, grassroots organization PrEPster piloted a peer-led intervention, MobPrESH (Mobilizing for Pre-Exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and Sexual Health), across three sites in England, to mobilize for PrEP and sexual health with communities of women and non-binary people most affected by HIV, including Black women and non-binary people, people of colour, migrants, and transgender (trans) women. Objectives: We aimed to explore the accessibility, feasibility, acceptability, and ‘fidelity’ of MobPrESH, from the perspectives of peer mobilizers and project staff. Methods: We conducted focus group discussions and qualitative interviews with nine peer mobilizers (most identified as Black cisgender (cis) women) and six project staff (including Black and white cis women and non-binary people). We analysed data thematically, iteratively, and inductively, informed by concepts of reproductive and social justice. Results: We present findings in five thematic areas: connecting and relating to situate sexual health discussions, navigating silence and stigma, connecting within and across communities, competing pressures and structural hostilities, and resources and continuity. Community knowledge-building about PrEP is a slow, iterative process that needs investment and creation of trusted spaces that centre communities’ needs and concerns. Peer mobilizers and the communities they engaged with had competing demands in their lives, and knowledge-raising about PrEP was impacted by intersecting stigmas, discrimination, and oppressions around HIV status, racism, misogyny, transphobia, homophobia, and anti-sex worker rhetoric. Conclusions: Peer-led PrEP interventions require funding and foregrounding, particularly for women and non-binary people who are Black, trans, migrants, and people of colour, situated relative to their wider health needs, life pressures, and priorities. This requires concurrent challenge of the racist and patriarchal structures that continue to obscure the sexual and reproductive health needs of racially minoritized and marginalized women and non-binary people.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48742273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower-limb progressive paraparesis management and diagnosis overview in a pregnant woman with vertebral haemangioma","authors":"Lívia Ridzoňová, M. Fedičová, Tomaš Andráš, P. Urdzík, Z. Gdovinová","doi":"10.1177/17455057221099018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057221099018","url":null,"abstract":"Vertebral haemangioma is a benign vascular tumour mostly seen in the thoracic region of the spine. Spinal haemangiomas are usually asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally. In a few patients, however, aggressive vertebral haemangiomas can cause local pain, radicular pain or neurologic deficits, which result from neural compression. The aetiology of the origin is unclear and is probably multifactorial. Hormonal and biological changes in pregnant women can lead to accelerated vascular growth of haemangioma. In our report, we present the case of a pregnant patient who was diagnosed with an aggressive vertebral haemangioma that further led to progressive paraparesis. We had to take the fact that she was pregnant into account in the diagnostic procedure, in the choice of examination method and also in the method of therapy. The goal of this case report is threefold: (1) provide an overview of the possible methods of management, specifically imaging, which will aid in diagnosis and based on that, (2) determining the appropriate therapy and (3) review the risks and benefits of each will be presented when choosing individual approaches.","PeriodicalId":47398,"journal":{"name":"Womens Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45916641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}