Soccer & Society最新文献

{"title":"Beyond the final whistle: vocational careers of retired soccer players of the female Swiss national team","authors":"Michael J. Schmid, Bryan Charbonnet, David Kurz, Merlin Örencik, Juerg Schmid, Achim Conzelmann","doi":"10.1080/14660970.2023.2284393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2023.2284393","url":null,"abstract":"The present study surveyed 57 retired female soccer national team players to examine their athletic, educational, and vocational careers. The respondents achieved higher educational degrees compare...","PeriodicalId":47395,"journal":{"name":"Soccer & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138496258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Destination attributes on attendance at away football games: scale development, and validation on fans","authors":"Meltem Altinay Ozdemir, Celil Cakici, Zeynep Tombas","doi":"10.1080/14660970.2023.2284389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2023.2284389","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explain destination attributes that affect football fans’ attendance at away games using a sequential method design. The research developed a scale through a six-phase process, i...","PeriodicalId":47395,"journal":{"name":"Soccer & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138496259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women footballers in Indochina: a place in the stadium?","authors":"Brice Fossard","doi":"10.1080/14660970.2023.2265199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2023.2265199","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIndochinese women footballers proclaim a degree of liberty and very considerable autonomy; they thus play an essential role in extending women’s emancipation in Indochina. They aim to gain a level of social and human dignity enabling women to assert themselves through an identity of gender more than of social status. This article examines the social, economic and political background of the emergence of the active female figure in the sporting world of Indochina vis-a-vis its European counterpart. It also addresses the debates on the question of women’s liberation or emancipation through sport alias football in Vietnamese society. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. Tétard, “Côté tribunes. Les supporters en France de la Belle Époque aux années 1930”, 377.2. Le Courrier d’Haiphong, June 2, 1912, 2, National Library of Vietnam, Hanoi.3. Naria, “Les pratiques sportives. A la conquête des îles de l’océan indien”, 279.4. Thébaud, Les femmes au temps de la guerre de 14, 429.5. Abbassi, Le sport dans l’empire français: un instrument de domination coloniale; Combeau-Mari, Sport et loisirs dans les colonies, XIXe-XXe siècles; Deville-Dentu, Le sport en noir et blanc: du sport colonial au sport africain dans les anciens territoires d’Afrique occidentale (1920–1965).6. Ottogalli-Mazzacavallo, Nicaise and Bodet, Football par et pour les femmes.7. Prudhomme, “Sexe faible et ballon rond. Esquisse d’une histoire du football féminin”, 111–126.8. Tétard, Côté tribunes. Les supporters en France de la Belle Epoque aux années 1930; Vigarello, Le sentiment de soi. Histoire de la perception du corps, XVIe-XXe siècle; Turcot, Sports et loisirs: une histoire des origines à nos jours.9. Boulain, Femmes en aventure. De la voyageuse à la sportive (1850–1936).10. Nguyen, La société vietnamienne face à la modernité. Le Tonkin de la fin du XIXe siècle à la Seconde Guerre mondiale, 225.11. Fossard, “Les femmes, la morale et les sports en Indochine, 1900–1945”, 91–99,12. Artières and Laborie, “Témoignage et récit historique”, 199–206.13. Lecocq, “La pratique sportive féminine. Destin social ou choix individuel?”, 119.14. Ibid., 116.15. Nguyen, La société vietnamienne face à la modernité, 53.16. Prudhomme, “Sexe faible et ballon rond. Esquisse d’une histoire du football féminin”, 112.17. Bar-On, Beyond Soccer.18. Le Courrier saïgonnais, October 20, 1930, 3, National Library of Vietnam, Hanoi.19. Fossard and Thi Hài, “La presse et l’acculturation sportive des nouvelles élitesvietnamiennes (1888–1945)”, 171–196.20. La Tribune indigène, January 2, 1919, National Library of Vietnam, Hanoi.21. Les Sports, September 20, 1924, National Library of Vietnam, Hanoi.22. Saigon sport illustré, July 17, 1927, National Library of Vietnam, Hanoi.23. L’Illustration, September 1, 1929, 232.24. Gounot, Les mouvements sportifs ouvriers en Europe. Dimensions transnationales et déclinaisons locales, 117.25. Caom, 3 slotfom/44: Colonie an","PeriodicalId":47395,"journal":{"name":"Soccer & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instagram as a tool of ‘social navigation’: women’s soccer in the Islamic Republic of Iran - between censorship and (r)evolution","authors":"Caroline Azad","doi":"10.1080/14660970.2023.2265198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2023.2265198","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTFrom the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Instagram has proven to be a very relevant source of information about Iranian women’s soccer. The growing popularity of female professional football players, particularly members of the national team, tends to make their discourse particularly audible, reaching thousands of people on issues that concern discrimination against the Iranian female population in general as well as inequalities of treatment between men and women. By investing a male-dominated domain such as football and by imposing their voice, presence and visibility on the digital space, female football players tend to challenge the authority of the Iranian State in a spontaneous, sustained, original and unorganized way. The main obstacle to the development of the discipline is defined, following the testimonies described in this article, as the lack of media visibility of women’s soccer in the traditional media. This is not unique to Iran, as I explain, but linked to a political strategy to regulate the visibility of women, especially the female body, in the public space. I chose to use the theoretical tool of social navigation to provide an understanding of the discourses and actions of resistance implemented by various female players, especially on Instagram. All of these social agents operate in a non-democratic socio-political environment and acting under particular circumstances. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. Fozooni, Iranian Women and Football.2. Arbaeen is a commemoration that marks the end of mourning for Imam Hossein, a central figure in Shiism.3. In 2015 the first edition of the Asian Futsal Championship was held. I was in Iran at the time and the victory of the women’s futsal team did not receive any media attention or communication from the Ministry of Sports and the Football Federation at the time. According to several testimonies of female futsal players collected on Instagram in May 2020, the Iranian Football Federation took two years to pay the amount due to the national.team following its second consecutive victory in the 2018 Asian Cup.4. “Iran Ranked World’s 7th Instagram User”.5. “Events in Iran since Mahsa Amini’s arrest and death in custody”.6. Some of them have between 40,000 and 300,000 subscribers. In some cases, this number has increased dramatically following Iran’s qualification for the 2022 Asian Cup. In addition, the profile of Team Melli goalkeeper Zohre Koudaei (who is not particularly active, based on the frequency of her posts) saw the number of subscribers rise from some 1,000 to over 50,000 in the space of several days following the complaint filed on 15 November 2021 by the Jordanian Football Association with the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). See: https://english.alarabiya.net/sports/2021/11/15/Jordan-requests-gender-confirmation-of-Iran-player-after-loss-claims-goalie-is-a-man.7. See for example: Pfister, Fasting, Scraton, a","PeriodicalId":47395,"journal":{"name":"Soccer & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting the football back into football stardom: a case study of Gareth Bale as a national football ‘star’","authors":"Thomas Alcott","doi":"10.1080/14660970.2023.2266679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2023.2266679","url":null,"abstract":"Work on footballing stardom has struggled with positioning on-field performance within the image of notable players. This is mainly born out of early scholarship that positioned the topic primarily within a celebrity studies framework, leading to a far greater concentration on footballers’ private lives away from the field of play.Footnote1 This paper argues that the closely related, but meaningfully different, star studies framework (traditionally applied to analyse film stardom) provides a more appropriate model for interpreting footballing fame. Unlike celebrity studies, which does not separate the on-screen (or on-field) from the off-screen (or off-field) image, star studies positions the relationship between the two identities as more central to forming the overall star persona. This article develops this approach based upon a case study analysis of Welsh footballer Gareth Bale.","PeriodicalId":47395,"journal":{"name":"Soccer & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Playing football in Cameroon as a girl: a match for equality","authors":"Béatrice Bertho, Françoise Grange-Omokaro, Iyama M. Douna, Dominique Malatesta","doi":"10.1080/14660970.2023.2265197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2023.2265197","url":null,"abstract":"Football, whether played competitively or as a leisure-time activity, is a veritable social institution in Africa, that commands a strong physical and symbolic presence. It gives shape to social bonds and occupies a special place in the public’s imagination – globalized modernity, success – that is highly valued, in particular because of the great international careers of some African players. It thus creates opportunities for experiences that involve a political dimension: in the realm of football, social and cultural norms can be negotiated, and economic as well as cognitive resources circulate. Using ethnographic data gathered in the context of a study under way in Cameroon, we examine the ways in which girls gain access to the practice of football through a range of practices and strategies within a context characterized by multiple constraints.","PeriodicalId":47395,"journal":{"name":"Soccer & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘A French woman is not born a footballer, she becomes one… or not’: an overview and perspective of the work carried out in the sociology of socialization and sport","authors":"Oumaya HIDRI Neys, Christine Mennsson","doi":"10.1080/14660970.2023.2265196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2023.2265196","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn France, for the 2015/2016 season, there were 103,276 female members of the French Football Federation and 1,606,669 male members. This article proposes an overview and a perspective of the works situated at the confluence of the sociology of socialization and the sociology of sport to inform in a different way the question of the transmission of taste, knowledge, habits, dispositions leading to the practice of football or to non-practice. After justifying the choice to focus on primary socialization, it analyzes the weight of family socialization in the transmission of football, socialization by peers but also that provided by the media. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. FFF Key Figures, 2017/2018.2. Martin, “Se mettre au football, arrêter le football”.3. Ibid.4. This helps to answer the question: how does socialisation take place?5. This helps to answer the question: “who” or “what” socialises?6. This helps to answer the question: What is internalised by the socialised individual?7. Darmon, La Socialisation.8. Darmon, Pichonnaz, and Toffel, “La socialization secondaire ne s’exerce pas sur une page blanche mais sur une page déjà écrite et déjà froissée par les expériences antérieures”, 115.9. Berger and Luckmann, La construction sociale de la réalité.10. Octobre and Jauneau, “Tels parents, tels enfants?”.11. Mennesson and Juhle, “L’art (tout) contre le sport?”.12. Examples: the language and register of language used by parents in conversation, the music they listen to, the presence or absence of books in the home, eating habits, etc.13. Friedman, Playing to win; Lum, “Handling ‘helicopter parents’”.14. De Singly, Lire à 12 ans.15. Muller, “La pratique sportive des jeunes dépend avant tout de leur milieu socioculturel”, 2.16. Mennesson, “Socialisation familiale et investissement des filles et des garçons dans les pratiques culturelles et sportives associatives”.17. Bois and Sarrazin, “Les chiens font-ils des chats?”.18. Lentillon, “Les stéréotypes sexués relatifs à la pratique des activités physiques et sportives chez les adolescents français et leurs conséquences discriminatoires”.19. Court, Corps de filles, corps de garçons; Octobre, Détrez, Mercklé and Berthomier, L’enfance des loisirs.20. Mennesson, “Être une femme dans un sport masculin”; Mennesson, Etre une femme dans le monde des hommes; Mennesson, “Modes de socialization et processus d’identification sexuée des jeunes investis dans des pratiques physiques et sportives de l’autre sexe”.21. Mennesson, “Socialisation familiale et investissement des filles et des garçons dans les pratiques culturelles et sportives associatives”.22. Court and Henri-Panabière, “La socialization culturelle au sein de la famille”.23. Bourdieu, La distinction, éléments pour une critique sociale du jugement.24. Octobre, Détrez, Mercklé and Berthomier, L’enfance des loisirs.25. Mennesson, “Modes de socialization et processus d’identification sexuée ","PeriodicalId":47395,"journal":{"name":"Soccer & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135251703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of women’s football: under what conditions? – an introduction","authors":"Oumaya Hidri Neys, Hugo Juskowiak","doi":"10.1080/14660970.2023.2265195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2023.2265195","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis special issue, entitled The development of women's football: under what conditions? focuses on the political, sociological and cultural issues surrounding women's access to football. The articles that make up the book examine the conditions for the feminisation of a universal sport, from its genesis to the current effects of its institutionalisation and (inter)national recognition. Based on the first three articles, the background shows that the process, which began in the last century, is a complex one, especially if it is analysed through the prism of different spaces, timescales and backgrounds: the history of women's football, in itself, is far from uniform. In the light of this heritage, the detailed analysis of national contexts proposed in the last three articles provides a contextualised and nuanced interpretation of the differentiated development of women's football and its consequences for the game. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1. Breuil, Histoire du football féminin en Europe ; Pfister, ‘The challenges of women’s football in east and west Germany: A comparative study’[; Williams, ‘The fastest growing sport?’.2. Grainey, Beyond’Bend it like Beckham’: the global phenomenon of women’s soccer.3. C. Azard, ‘Les sportives iraniennes, miroir d’un pays en crise’. The Conversation, 2020, https://theconversation.com/les-sportives-iraniennes-miroir-dun-pays-en-crise-1322224. Le Monde Afrique, ‘Au Soudan, coup d’envoi de la ligue féminine de football’, 2019, https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/10/01/au-soudan-coup-d-envoi-de-la-ligue-feminine-de-football_6013748_3212.html5. Ottogalli-Mazzacavallo et al., ‘Football et femmes en France: une longue route (encore) semée d’embûches … ‘.6. L. Lauffer, ‘Quand le Brésil n’est qu’une marque’, Foot d’elles, 2015, https://www.footdelles.com/quand-le-bresil-nest-quune-marque/.7. A. Filoche, ‘Pourquoi Ada Hegerberg, Ballon d’or féminin, boycotte la Coupe du monde’, Huffpost, 2019, https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/pourquoi-ada-hegerberg-ballondor-feminin-boude-la-coupe-du-monde_fr_5cf4ed29e4b0a1997b6d4e548. La footballeuse américaine Megan Rapinoe s’élève contre le racisme, le sexisme et l’homophobiedans le football. Komitid, https://www.komitid.fr/2019/09/24/megan-rapinoe-racisme-sexisme-homophobie-football/9. Site internet de la FIFA (2023). https://www.fifa.com/womens-football10. FIFA (2018). Stratégie pour le football féminin, https://www.fifa.com/fr/womens-football/strategy/strategy-details11. FIFA (2020). Women’s development progamme, https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/1b65c36cc05ce0dc/original/s6ikgh533qnprrev3ozm-pdf.pdf12. Le 17 avril 1971, il a opposé la France et les Pays-Bas.13. Zaidman, ‘La mixité, objet d’étude scientifique ou enjeu politique ?’.14. Cacouault-Bitaud, M. ‘La féminisation d’une profession est-elle le signe d’une baisse de prestige ?’.15. UEFA (2014/2015). Women’s football across the national associations. h","PeriodicalId":47395,"journal":{"name":"Soccer & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135197630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Football, lesbianism and feminism in Brazil: subversive acts","authors":"Carmen Rial, Caroline Soares de Almeida","doi":"10.1080/14660970.2023.2265200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2023.2265200","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTFeminist voices supporting women’s football in Brazil date back to 1924, and to journalist Cléo de Galsan. But the sport was never central to the feminist agenda in the country, and a law prohibited women from playing football from 1941 to 1979. This exclusion was internalized by many women, including feminists, who expressed little interest in the world of Brazilian football. This disinterest is paradoxical, not only because of the importance of football in the national imaginary, but also because women’s sports involve fundamental dimensions in gender relations and feminist activism. The article asks why Brazilian feminism displayed little interest in this sport and concludes that part of the response lies in the social distance between feminists and footballers and in the predominance of lesbians among the athletes, while practice of football by women could be a fundamental subversive act for gender transformation. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. Elsey and Nadel, Futboleta, 9.2. We use “football practiced by women” to refer to what is commonly designated as “women’s football”. Football is the same sport (with the same rules, gestures and objectives), whether it is practiced by men, trans, gays, or women. To call it ‘women’s football’– at the same time in which it reserves the term “football” without qualification to designate the football practiced by men, given that “men’s football” is rarely said – would be to accept the football practiced by men as all encompassing (Dumont, Homo Hierarchicus) and that practiced by women as encompassed in a dubious hierarchy. And it would accept that the sports gestures change depending on the gender/sex/sexual condition of the person playing.3. A dictatorship instituted by Getúlio Vargas between 1937 and 1945.4. Marcus, “Ethnography in/of the world system”.5. The ethnography includes direct contact with more than ten women athletes, conversations in various situations, included recorded interviews, and informal conversations at lunches, cocktails, barbeques, football games, political participations, participations in social projects and lectures, observation of work activities, games, practices, and other activities, such as leisure encounters, and on social networks, especially Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram. We maintained the anonymity of the interlocutors, even those who allowed us to reveal their name, using the real name only for items found on social networks and in newspapers.6. Alabarces, História Mínima del fútbol.7. Giulianotti, Sociologia do futebol.8. Bonfim, “Football feminino entre festas esportivas, circos e campos suburbanos”; Elsey and Nadel, Futbolera; Rial, “Memória do Futebol”.9. Almeida, “Mulheres futebolistas”.10. Rigo et al., “Notas futebol feminino”.11. Almeida, “Mulheres futebolistas”.12. The Federation was created under the bases of the Liga da EmancipaçãoIntelectual da Mulher, of 1919. It included women of the e","PeriodicalId":47395,"journal":{"name":"Soccer & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural anchoring of women’s football or deception? Comparative historical analysis of the processes of institutionalization of the practice","authors":"Audrey Gozillon, Jean Bréhon","doi":"10.1080/14660970.2023.2265201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2023.2265201","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT“More than a sporting event, the 2019 FIFA Women’s World Cup has been a cultural phenomenon (…) women’s football is attractive everywhere”. If the words of the FIFA President reflect the institutional desire to promote the momentum generated by the French World Cup, a simple look at the rates of feminization is enough to highlight profound federal differences: 7.4% in France; 15.5% in Germany; 24.6% in England; 29.7% in Norway; 38.4% in Sweden; 55% in the USA. To explain such heterogeneity, recourse to socio-history and comparison can be valuable. By comparing six figures considered as exemplary, we highlight the distinctive and complementary impact of historical levers and brakes on the development of the practice: sporting (mega)events, the media, egalitarian public policies and federal sports policies thus seem to be decisive in describing, explaining and understanding, according to the periods selected, the processes of institutionalization and the observed cultural anchoring of so-called women’s football. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. Hassenteufel, “De la comparaison internationale à la comparaison transnationale”.2. Dupré et al., “Les comparaisons internationales”, 15.t.3. Women’s football’ here refers to the official category of practice that formally separates women and men. Nevertheless, we subscribe to the recent contributions of gendered research applied to sports and football. See Ottogalli-Mazzacavallo, Nicaise and Bodet, “Football et femmes en France”.4. Boniface and Gomez, Quand le Football s’accorde au Féminin.5. The main reasons for this are commitment to the game, club development, professionalization, technical support, media exposure and recognition, and economic support. (Source: FIFA Benchmarking Report: Women’s Football, 2021).6. The feminization rates presented were all produced and verified for the 2017–2018 season. For more information on the subject, see: Gozillon, “Entre bancs de touche et terrains verts…”.7. The “cases” analysed were selected for several reasons: their high rates of feminization; the density of clubs and championships that organize federal practice; the large number of international matches played by women’s national teams.8. Braudel, La méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l’époque de Phillippe II.9. Gozillon and Hidri Neys, “The impact of (mega)sporting events?”.10. Gozillon and Bréhon, “Le processus d’institutionnalisation du football féminin au prisme des politiques publiques égalitaires”.11. Quin, “La reconstruction de la Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) après la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1944–1950)”; Vonnard, L’Europe dans le monde du football; Gozillon,Anti-jeu, passe décisive et money time..Bellegarde, “Institutionnalisation, implication, restitution”; Boure, “Réflexions autour de l’institutionnalisation des disciplines”.12. Bellegarde, “Institutionnalisation, implication, restitution”; Boure, “Réf","PeriodicalId":47395,"journal":{"name":"Soccer & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}