Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Measurement of Pancreatic Stone Protein Compared with C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin in the Diagnosis of Sepsis in an Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Septian Adi Permana, Purwoko, Enrico Jonathan Hartono","doi":"10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis remains a significant challenge in the intensive care unit (ICU), with prompt diagnosis and management being critical to improving patient outcomes. Biomarkers have emerged as valuable tools for identifying and predicting sepsis outcomes, with pancreatic stone protein (PSP), procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as three promising candidates. This systematic review aimed to analyse and compare the diagnostic accuracy of PSP, PCT and CRP regarding sepsis in the ICU. A review of the literature on the diagnostic performance of the three biomarkers was performed using PubMed Central, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Oxford Academic, SpringerLink and Cochrane Library. Data regarding the diagnostic accuracy of the three biomarkers were extracted, compared, and represented as the area under the curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Three studies examining PSP, PCT and CRP biomarkers in 858 adult patients admitted to the ICU were included in this review. Compared with PCT and CRP, the PSP biomarker, with its unique applications and properties that may potentially benefit patients, doctors and hospitals, performed well and proved reliable in diagnosing sepsis in adult patients. PSP demonstrated reliability in sepsis diagnosis. Further analysis should be conducted to establish a formal, appropriate indication, as well as to determine a suspected sepsis patient's condition when testing each biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"31 5","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11477456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Exercise on Immune Response in Population with Increased Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nik Siti Nik Zaid, Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad, Mohd Nidzam Jawis, Foong Kiew Ooi, Mahaneem Mohamed, Rohimah Mohamud, Nor Faeiza Hamdan, Normah Jusoh","doi":"10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review aimed to provide information on existing interventional studies that evaluate the efficacy of exercise in populations with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through immune functional perspectives. A literature search was conducted in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Taylor & Francis and ScienceDirect from January 2012 to February 2023. The articles were screened and evaluated for quality before data were extracted. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022321704). In total, 18 studies were included for quality appraisal and synthesised evidence indicated that exercise contributes to enhancing the functioning of both innate and adaptive immune responses, potentially serving as an anti-immunosenescent response to exercise in individuals with elevated CVD risk factors. Furthermore, the review emphasised that exercise, irrespective of its type, intensity or mode, was well tolerated by individuals at increased risk for CVD and may have significant implications in generating anti-inflammatory effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"31 5","pages":"83-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11477469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatics Analysis and Spatiotemporal Distribution of the fliC Gene and Its Protein Isolated from Escherichia coli-Infected Patients in Eastern Algeria.","authors":"Abdenassar Harrar, Rukman Awang Hamat, Mohamed Abdelhafid Hamidechi","doi":"10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The <i>fliC</i> locus in <i>Escherichia coli</i> primarily encodes flagellar (H) antigens. Exploring <i>fliC</i> sequence diversity will shed light on the mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity. This study examined the presence of <i>fliC</i> mutant strains of <i>E. coli</i> in infected patients from different age groups, sexes and sample types in eastern Algerian provinces over a span of 2 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, cross-sectional study involved three provinces in eastern Algeria: i) Bordj Bou Arreridj, ii) Setif and iii) Batna. A total of 75 <i>E. coli</i> isolates were obtained from the University State Hospital Centre. Two types of analyses were conducted: i) a bioinformatics analysis of the protein sequences translated from the <i>fliC</i> genes, specifically the <i>fliC</i> flagellar sequences and ii) a multifactorial statistical analysis (multiple correspondence analysis [MCA]) of the population of infected patients, considering various parameters. The <i>fliC</i> protein sequences were aligned using the Multiple Alignment using Fast Fourier Transform (MAFFT) programme. The alignment results were then visualised using the MView programme. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood algorithm in MEGA 11 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bioinformatics analysis highlighted the strong conservation of the structures of the <i>fliC</i> protein sequences, especially at the two N- and C-terminal ends, and strong variability in the central zone. This remarkable <i>fliC</i> intersequence similarity is corroborated by the presence of protein motifs identified in the PROSITE protein motif database.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>fliC</i> mutations in <i>E. coli</i> were not detected in the clinical samples of patients from hospitals in the three Algerian Provinces. Our analysis revealed that all the samples exhibited characteristics of wild-type virulent bacteria without mutations. A multicentre study is warranted for epidemiological surveillance of <i>fliC</i> mutant strains for future preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"31 5","pages":"161-195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11477471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin and Vitamin D Reduce HMGB-1 mRNA Levels in Mice Infected with Salmonella typhi.","authors":"Ami Febriza, Hasta Handayani Idrus","doi":"10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examined the effects of curcumin and vitamin D on high-mobility group box-1 (<i>HMGB-1</i>) mRNA expression in mice infected with <i>Salmonella typhi</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The experimental design allocated 40 mice, intraperitoneally infected with <i>S. typhi</i>, to pre- and post-test controls randomly divided into four groups (10 mice per group). Mice in group A were treated with the antibiotic levofloxacin (1.95 mg/kg once daily) as the positive control; group B mice were administered curcumin at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight; group C mice were treated with a curcumin dose of 200 mg/kg BW and vitamin D; and group D mice received distilled water (placebo) as the negative control. The intervention was performed for 5 days. On day 10, <i>HMGB-1</i> mRNA expression was measured, and the results were compared to those before the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>HMGB-1</i> mRNA level in group C decreased significantly by 5.76-fold (95% confidence interval: 2.55, 8.98). In contrast, <i>HMGB-1</i> mRNA levels did not decrease significantly in group B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that the combination of curcumin and vitamin D reduced <i>HMGB-1</i> mRNA levels in infected mice, highlighting the potential of this combination as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"31 5","pages":"143-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11477468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Treatment for Cancers: Opportunities, Clinical Applications and Challenges.","authors":"Aishah Amirah Shamsul Kamal, Kamal Shaik Fakiruddin, Khadijat Abubakar Bobbo, King Hwa Ling, Sharmili Vidyadaran, Syahril Abdullah","doi":"10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The insufficient and unspecific target of classical chemotherapies often leads to therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Over the past decades, discoveries about mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biology have provided new potential approaches to improve cancer therapy. Researchers have utilised the multipotent, regenerative and immunosuppressive qualities of MSCs and tropisms towards inflammatory, hypoxic and malignant sites in various therapeutic applications. Although MSC-based therapies have generally been demonstrated safe, their effectiveness remains limited when these cells are used alone. However, through genetic engineering, researchers have proven that MSCs can be modified to have specialised delivery roles to increase their therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. They can be made to overexpress therapeutic proteins through viral or non-viral genetic modification, which enhances their innate properties. Nevertheless, these engineering strategies must be optimised to increase therapeutic efficacy and targeting effectiveness while minimising any loss of MSC function. This review underscores the cutting-edge methods for engineering MSCs, discusses their promise and the difficulties in translating them into clinical settings, and offers some prospective suggestions for the future on achieving their full therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"31 5","pages":"56-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11477465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences in Awake Craniotomy from Borneo: A Case Series from Sarawak General Hospital.","authors":"Kugan Vijian, Bik Liang Lau, Davendran Kanesen, Swee San Lim, Peter Chee Seong Tan, Donald San Liew Ngian, Albert Hieng Sii Wong","doi":"10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The indications for awake craniotomy now spans from resection of tumours at eloquent areas of the brain, deep brain stimulation and treatment of aneurysms to name a few. In the region of East Malaysia where patients have various ethnic backgrounds and native languages, planning and execution of these procedures can be somewhat challenging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective analysis of 11 awake surgeries conducted by the Department of Neurosurgery in Sarawak. The indications for awake craniotomy surgery in our sample population were intra-axial lesions in eloquent regions involving important cortical areas and subcortical tracts which were at risk of damage during tumour excision. Patients were assessed for intra-operative and post-operative neurological deficits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven patients aged 20 years old-70 years old were included in this series. All patients were diagnosed with lesions in eloquent areas of the brain requiring surgical excision. Patients were of various ethnic backgrounds. The spoken language of these patients also varied based on their ethnicity. The histopathological diagnosis of nine patients were consistent with gliomas with three being of high grade. Three patients (27%) developed intra-operative deficits that were not present pre-operatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case series serve to demonstrate the feasibility of awake craniotomies even in centres without vast experiences in awake surgeries and ideal adjuncts which in comparison may be readily available in different centres. Although careful patient selection has been emphasised, it is a difficult feat in a region consisting of at least 30 different ethnic groups with distinct languages and cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"31 5","pages":"231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11477461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endotoxin Detection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent Using Optimising Chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Assay.","authors":"Atiqah Ab Aziz, Sahrinanah Mappiare, Hui Yin Nam, Durga Devi, Mohd Rafie Johan, Tunku Kamarul","doi":"10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endotoxin contamination in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents can pose a risk to patient safety causing immune reactions. Strict endotoxin limits are enforced for implants and catheters inserted into the body, but there are not clear rules for MRI contrast agents. Here, we investigated the efficacy of chromogenic LAL assay test for screening endotoxin activity in MRI contrast media manufactured in Malaysia. The powdered agent was dissolved in water for injection and endotoxin levels were measured. The coefficient of efficiency value for the standard curve, exhibiting <i>r</i> ² ≥ 0.98, along with the absence of interfering substances and endotoxin activity below the regulatory threshold of 0.5 EU/mL, support the conclusion that the agent is unlikely to be pyrogenic or induce pyrogenic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"31 5","pages":"284-291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11477474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review of the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Nursing Care.","authors":"Thai Hau Koo, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Jet Kwan Ng, Xue Bin Leong","doi":"10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review explores the complex relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and healthcare, with an explicit focus on nursing care. Examining a range of studies from 2020, the research investigates the impact of AI on clinical decision-making, patient care and healthcare administration. Through a comprehensive literature review, the study highlights the potential benefits of AI integration in improving the efficiency and efficacy of healthcare. AI technologies offer opportunities for personalised patient care, predictive analytics and enhanced clinical processes, with the ultimate aim of transforming the healthcare system. However, ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks are crucial, emphasising patient privacy, autonomy and data security. The findings underscore the need for transparency, accountability and fairness in the application of AI in healthcare. While AI promises to improve patient outcomes and streamline healthcare delivery, careful consideration of ethical implications and regulatory compliance are essential for responsible implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"31 5","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11477473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting Level of Physical Activity among Stroke Survivors: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Ali Bashir Bakhtiar, Muhammad Hafiz Hanafi, Alia Alghwiri, Haidzir Manaf","doi":"10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.8","DOIUrl":"10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical activity (PA) is crucial for improving stroke survivors' health outcomes and quality of life (QoL). Impaired PA levels are common among stroke survivors, a significant portion of whom spend their days in sedentary occupations. Understanding the factors that influence physical inactivity and addressing the barriers to exercise participation can contribute significantly to improving stroke survivors' health outcomes and prognoses. Therefore, in the current review, we systematically searched five databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar) for published studies reporting PA levels among stroke survivors, which yielded 301 potential articles. Based on the identification and screening processes recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), 13 articles were finally included in the analysis. The results of these studies, covering 1,318 stroke survivors, revealed physical inactivity among most of the participants and significant heterogeneity among the outcome measures used. The factors affecting PA levels among stroke survivors were mainly categorised as physical, psychological, and sociodemographic, and all were significantly associated with PA levels after strokes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"31 5","pages":"115-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11477458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Reliability and Model Fit of the 13-Item and 10-Item Big Five Inventory (Malay Version) among Malaysian Firefighters.","authors":"Huwaida Abdul Azis, Zairina A Rahman, Mohd Radzniwan A Rashid, Nizam Baharom, Hamidin Awang, Nur Hafizah Mohammad Lukman","doi":"10.21315/mjms2024.31.4.15","DOIUrl":"10.21315/mjms2024.31.4.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lengthy instruments for assessing personality traits may not be applicable in certain research settings. In situations where time is scarce, a briefer measurement is preferable. However, the reliability of a briefer measurement of the Big Five Inventory (BFI) among firefighters in Malaysia has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the reliability and model fit of the Malay version of the BFI with 13 items (BFI-13) and 10 items (BFI-10) among Malaysian firefighters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study using cluster sampling was conducted in a state in Malaysia. Each respondent completed BFI-10 and BFI-13 using an online survey with a 1-month interval between each response. Reliability testing was evaluated using internal consistency and a 2-week interval test-retest. The model fit of these two BFI questionnaires was evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 124 firefighters participated in the study, with a zero-dropout rate. The Malay version of BFI-13 exhibited higher reliability by displaying good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha of 0.919, 0.838, 0.871 and 0.896 for the domains conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness and extraversion, respectively, and acceptable test-retest reliability with moderate to good intraclass correlation (0.588-0.806). The CFA model also indicated that BFI-13 has a better model fit (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.993; Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.991; standardised root mean squared residual [SRMR] = 0.029; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.035).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Malay version of BFI-13 is reliable and applicable enough to be supplementarily used in surveys among Malaysian firefighters. By using a brief personality assessment, it will reduce the cognitive and emotional burden on respondents.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"31 4","pages":"185-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11376996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}