Journal of Medicine and Philosophy最新文献_第7页

A New Defense of Brain Death as the Death of the Human Organism. 脑死亡是人体有机体死亡的新辩护。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac040

Andrew Mcgee, Dale Gardiner, Melanie Jansen

引用次数: 1

Memories without Survival: Personal Identity and the Ascending Reticular Activating System. 没有生存的记忆:个人同一性和上升网状激活系统。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad028

Lukas J Meier

{"title":"Memories without Survival: Personal Identity and the Ascending Reticular Activating System.","authors":"Lukas J Meier","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhad028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhad028","url":null,"abstract":"Lockean views of personal identity maintain that we are essentially persons who persist diachronically by virtue of being psychologically continuous with our former selves. In this article, I present a novel objection to this variant of psychological accounts, which is based on neurophysiological characteristics of the brain. While the mental states that constitute said psychological continuity reside in the cerebral hemispheres, so that for the former to persist only the upper brain must remain intact, being conscious additionally requires that a structure originating in the brainstem-the ascending reticular activating system-be functional. Hence, there can be situations in which even small brainstem lesions render individuals irreversibly comatose and thus forever preclude access to their mental states, while the neural correlates of the states themselves are retained. In these situations, Lockeans are forced to regard as fulfilled their criterion of diachronic persistence since psychological continuity, as they construe it, is not disrupted. Deeming an entity that is never again going to have any mental experiences to be a person, however, is an untenable position for a psychological account to adopt. In their current form, Lockean views of personal identity are therefore incompatible with human neurophysiology.","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 5","pages":"478-491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10257852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

“Death” and Its Discontents “死亡”及其不满

3区哲学

Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad038

Nicholas Sparks

引用次数: 0

Is Death Irreversible? 死亡不可逆转吗?

IF 1.6 3区哲学

Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad027

Nada Gligorov

引用次数: 1

Death as the Cessation of an Organism and the Moral Status Alternative. 死亡是生物体的停止和道德地位的选择。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad018

Piotr Grzegorz Nowak

引用次数: 1

Inconsistency between the Circulatory and the Brain Criteria of Death in the Uniform Determination of Death Act. 《统一死亡判定法》中循环死亡标准与脑死亡标准的不一致。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad029

Alberto Molina-Pérez, James L Bernat, Anne Dalle Ave

{"title":"Inconsistency between the Circulatory and the Brain Criteria of Death in the Uniform Determination of Death Act.","authors":"Alberto Molina-Pérez, James L Bernat, Anne Dalle Ave","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhad029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhad029","url":null,"abstract":"The Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) provides that \"an individual who has sustained either (1) irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions or (2) irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem, is dead.\" We show that the UDDA contains two conflicting interpretations of the phrase \"cessation of functions.\" By one interpretation, what matters for the determination of death is the cessation of spontaneous functions only, regardless of their generation by artificial means. By the other, what matters is the cessation of both spontaneous and artificially supported functions. Because each UDDA criterion uses a different interpretation, the law is conceptually inconsistent. A single consistent interpretation would lead to the conclusion that conscious individuals whose respiratory and circulatory functions are artificially supported are actually dead, or that individuals whose brain is entirely and irreversibly destroyed may be alive. We explore solutions to mitigate the inconsistency.","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 5","pages":"422-433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/73/91/jhad029.PMC10501178.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10623868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Involuntary Childlessness, Suffering, and Equality of Resources: An Argument for Expanding State-funded Fertility Treatment Provision. 非自愿生育、痛苦和资源平等:扩大国家资助生育治疗提供的论据。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad026

Giulia Cavaliere

引用次数: 2

Evidence-based Medicine and Mechanistic Evidence: The Case of the Failed Rollout of Efavirenz in Zimbabwe. 循证医学和机械证据:依非韦伦在津巴布韦推广失败的案例。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad019

Andrew Park, Daniel Steel, Elicia Maine

{"title":"Evidence-based Medicine and Mechanistic Evidence: The Case of the Failed Rollout of Efavirenz in Zimbabwe.","authors":"Andrew Park, Daniel Steel, Elicia Maine","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhad019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhad019","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has long deemphasized mechanistic reasoning and pathophysiological rationale in assessing the effectiveness of interventions. The EBM+ movement has challenged this stance, arguing that evidence of mechanisms and comparative studies should both be seen as necessary and complementary. Advocates of EBM+ provide a combination of theoretical arguments and examples of mechanistic reasoning in medical research. However, EBM+ proponents have not provided recent examples of how downplaying mechanistic reasoning resulted in worse medical results than would have occurred otherwise. Such examples are necessary to make the case that EBM+ responds to a problem in clinical practice that urgently demands a solution. In light of this, we examine the failed rollout of efavirenz as a first-line HIV treatment in Zimbabwe as evidence of the importance of mechanistic reasoning in improving clinical practice and public health policy decisions. We suggest that this case is analogous to examples commonly given to support EBM.","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 4","pages":"348-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cb/9d/jhad019.PMC10281362.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9709403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Democratic Justifications for Patient Public Involvement and Engagement in Health Research: An Exploration of the Theoretical Debates and Practical Challenges. 病人公众参与和参与健康研究的民主理由:理论辩论和实践挑战的探索。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad024

Lucy Frith

{"title":"Democratic Justifications for Patient Public Involvement and Engagement in Health Research: An Exploration of the Theoretical Debates and Practical Challenges.","authors":"Lucy Frith","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhad024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhad024","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on patient public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in health research has grown significantly in the last decade, with a diverse range of definitions and topologies promulgated. This has led to disputes over what the central functions and purpose of PPIE in health research is, and this in turn makes it difficult to assess and evaluate PPIE in practice. This paper argues that the most important function of PPIE is the attempt to make health research more democratic. Bringing this function to the fore and locating PPIE in the wider context of changes in contemporary forms of democratic engagement provides greater conceptual clarity over what PPIE in research should be trying to achieve. Conceptualizing PPIE as a form of democratization has a number of benefits. First, theories of what are appropriate, normatively justifiable and workable criteria for PPIE practices can be developed, and this can provide tools to address the legitimacy and accountability questions that have troubled the PPIE community. Second, this work can be used to form the basis of a research agenda to investigate how PPIE in health research operates, and how it can facilitate and/or improve democratic processes in health research.","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 4","pages":"400-412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10281369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9710410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

On the Anatomy of Health-related Actions for Which People Could Reasonably be Held Responsible: A Framework. 剖析人们可合理承担责任的与健康有关的行为:一个框架。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad025

Kristine Bærøe, Andreas Albertsen, Cornelius Cappelen

{"title":"On the Anatomy of Health-related Actions for Which People Could Reasonably be Held Responsible: A Framework.","authors":"Kristine Bærøe, Andreas Albertsen, Cornelius Cappelen","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhad025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhad025","url":null,"abstract":"Should we let personal responsibility for health-related behavior influence the allocation of healthcare resources? In this paper, we clarify what it means to be responsible for an action. We rely on a crucial conceptual distinction between being responsible and holding someone responsible, and show that even though we might be considered responsible and blameworthy for our health-related actions, there could still be well-justified reasons for not considering it reasonable to hold us responsible by giving us lower priority. We transform these philosophical considerations into analytical use first by assessing the general features of health-related actions and the corresponding healthcare needs. Then, we identify clusters of structural features that even adversely affected people cannot reasonably deny constitute actions for which they should be held responsible. We summarize the results in an analytical framework that can be used by decision-makers when considering personal responsibility for health as a criterion for setting priorities.","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 4","pages":"384-399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10281374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9761834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2