Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Prejudiced or Just Smart?: Intelligence as a Confounding Factor in the IAT Effect","authors":"R. Stülpnagel, M. Steffens","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000008","url":null,"abstract":"Implicit Association Tests (IATs) are well-known measures of implicit cognition, particularly attitudes. Previous studies reported that IATs are affected by method-specific variance: IAT effects of more intelligent people may appear smaller due to their reduced task-switch costs. In contrast, based on a theoretical framework that assumes IAT effects to depend on successful recoding of the congruent IAT task, larger IAT effects are expected for more intelligent people. We tested the hypothesis that intelligence can bias IAT effects with different IATs. General processing speed was also assessed. Two studies indicated faster and more intelligent participants to have larger IAT effects in some, but not all, IATs.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"70 1","pages":"51-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88478870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value Performance: On the Relation Between Corporate Culture and Corporate Success","authors":"G. Schönborn","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000033","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of a considerable body of literature, the relations between aspects of corporate culture and corporate success are not clear. This is due to the complexity and inconsistency concerning corporate culture and success. Most studies tend to focus on codified norms but less on implicit assumptions and values according to Schein (1990, 2009), and on positive but not negative cultural impacts. The research situation implies that managers do not pay enough attention to cultural issues. The success relation was investigated in an explorative study using a weighted sample of 2,873 persons from 46 German companies who participated in an online questionnaire designed to cover all levels of corporate culture. The impact of explorative analyzed corporate culture's construct to success was assessed by correlations and regressions. Results indicate that corporate responsibility with respect to external stakeholders as well as to employees, accompanied by participative leadership, are crucial cultural conditions for corporate success.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"50 1","pages":"234-242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90796728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics and Economic Success A Contradiction in Terms","authors":"Josef Wieland","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000034","url":null,"abstract":"People in Germany might think you’re joking if you were to tell them that you study Business Ethics. Either Business, or Ethics. This basically sums up the deep-seated belief in European culture that business andmorals aremutually exclusive. Tipping the balance toward ethics means less economic efficiency, while an increase in business profits means less moral integrity. That is why in the Bible it is easier for a camel togo throughaneedle’s eye than for amanofwealth toget into the kingdom of God, why Plato devoted many pages of his dialog on The Republic to how to regulate the market, why for Aristotle, an economist is someone who lacks the telos of human existence, why Thomas Aquinas in his Summa Theologica took nearly one hundred pages to explain how aneconomic trade canbe turned into a fair trade,why it is clear to Karl Marx that capitalism is the absolute embodiment of immorality, why for Max Weber there is no room for ethics within the iron bounds of competition and why, last but not least, the Nobel Prize winner, Milton Friedmann, can say that the only ethics of businesses is to increase profits. Those who are currently reflecting on the connection between business success and being ethical should not lose sight of the cultural standard just described, especially bearing in mind the realities of the economic situation we face today. Corruption, the effects of the financial crisis, and management criminality are just a few of those realities that are dominating the headlines. Emotionally churned-up debates about the greed and coldheartedness of the business world’s elite managers, about criminal and questionable management methods to the detriment of the owner, customer, and society, go hand in hand with scenarios that depict our decline in values, eliciting pleas for the return of the honorable businessman of the Middle Ages. The reputation and credibility of whole sectors and to a certain extent the market economy system itself is at stake. But as so often, appearances are deceptive. Generally speaking, there can be no economic success in moral anarchy. This has also been experienced in economic history and is apparently reflected in the recently developing cultural distrust for business. Unfortunately, science up to now has also been unable to provide clarity here. On a scientific level there is simply no clear and causal evidence that good ethics means good business. Results from studies carried out so far have not been methodologically conclusive due to an inconsistent definition of indicators: findings often turn out to be contradictory. However, insights currently gained by many companies indicate: a corporate strategy that is oriented toward values and implementing them at an operational level is an essential prerequisite today for economic success in modern and globally operating companies and their management. If the interplay of the economy and ethics were to be a success story it would consequently not result from a causal autom","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"46 1","pages":"243-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79739116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning and Consolidation of Verbal Declarative Memory in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","authors":"S. Diener, H. Flor, M. Wessa","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000020","url":null,"abstract":"Impairments in declarative memory have been reported in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fragmentation of explicit trauma-related memory has been assumed to impede the formation of a coherent memorization of the traumatic event and the integration into autobiographic memory. Together with a strong non-declarative memory that connects trauma reminders with a fear response the impairment in declarative memory is thought to be involved in the maintenance of PTSD symptoms. Fourteen PTSD patients, 14 traumatized subjects without PTSD, and 13 non-traumatized healthy controls (HC) were tested with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) to assess verbal declarative memory. PTSD symptoms were assessed with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale and depression with the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Several indices of the CVLT pointed to an impairment in declarative memory performance in PTSD, but not in traumatized persons without PTSD or HC. No group differences were observed if recal...","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"70 1","pages":"135-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84836153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Humanistic Management Network","authors":"Heiko Spitzeck, M. Pirson, Ernst von Kimakowitz, C. Dierksmeier","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000035","url":null,"abstract":"The Humanistic Management Network is an international, interdisciplinary, and independent network that promotes the development of an economic system in service of human dignity and well-being. We are cooperating with scholars, practitioners, and policy makers across the world to promote the idea of a ''life-conducive'' economic system. With over 200 members and partner organizations across the world (official chapters exist in Brazil, Columbia, Japan, Mexico, Switzerland, Germany, and the United States), we believe in the power of change through dialog and insight.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"47 1","pages":"246-248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79082115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot Neuroimaging Study in Civilian Trauma Survivors","authors":"D. Dörfel, Annett Werner, M. Schaefer, A. Karl","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000019","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its hypothesized role in the etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little research has investigated neural correlates of episodic memory impairment in trauma survivors. This pilot study utilized a correlational design to investigate the association between PTSD symptom severity, hippocampal volume, episodic memory, and brain activation during the Remember-Know task. Eleven non-medicated, right-handed survivors of civilian trauma participated in the study. Significant positive correlations were found between PTSD symptom severity and the activation of brain areas implicated in the episodic recognition network such as hippocampus, precuneus, and occipital gyrus. Higher PTSD symptoms were also significantly negatively correlated with brain activations in areas associated with episodic memory but also visuospatial attention such as the superior parietal lobule and the supramarginal gyrus. The pattern of results indicates specific alterations in the recruitment of the episodic memory networ...","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"12 1","pages":"128-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73495831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actions speak louder than words: The benefits of ethical behaviors of leaders.","authors":"Carmen Tanner, Adrian Brügger, S. Schie, Carmen Lebherz","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000032","url":null,"abstract":"Ethical scandals in business have led to calls for more ethical or moral leadership. Yet, we still know very little about what characterizes ethical leadership and what its positive consequences actually are. We argue that the major question is not about what leaders value, but rather whether their ethical values are regularly reflected in behavioral patterns across situations and situational challenges. To address this, we have begun to build the Ethical Leadership Behavior Scale, which is based on behaviors reflecting concrete manifestations of ethical values (e.g., fairness, respect) across occasions and situational barriers. A study with 592 employees of 110 work units in two departments provided a first test of this scale and demonstrated that the level of ethical leadership behavior predicts important work-related attitudes (job satisfaction, work engagement, affective organizational commitment) and outcomes (health complaints, emotional exhaustion, absenteeism).","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"225-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76296077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Person and the Variable in Developmental Psychology","authors":"L. Bergman, H. Andersson","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000025","url":null,"abstract":"A brief theoretical and methodological overview is given of the person-oriented and the variable-oriented approach, how these are commonly used in longitudinal research, and what one should take into consideration before choosing either approach. An empirical research example is also given where the association was studied between, on the one hand, attention control – activity level in early adolescence and, on the other hand, persistent versus adolescence-limited criminality. Key topics discussed include properties that variables must have to be suitable for the study of individual pattern development, the problem-method match, and prediction versus understanding.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"19 1","pages":"155-165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84524367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Perform Idiographic and a Combination of Idiographic and Nomothetic Approaches","authors":"Michaela Schmidt, F. Perels, B. Schmitz","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000026","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to combine and compare person-oriented and nomothetic approaches to analyze longitudinal data with time series analyses and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). Based on the evaluation of an intervention study both approaches were used to compare individual and group data. In this study, a training was implemented to foster students’ self-regulation and selected results were presented at the individual and group level for the variables planning and motivation. To analyze data with time series analysis, cross-correlations and trend analyses were conducted. Cross-correlations revealed similar results on the aggregated and individual level whereas trend analysis indicated different results of these two levels. Results of HLM analyses for longitudinal data suggested that students’ motivation has more influence than the type of training group on students’ planning. The findings demonstrate that individual and group-level results differ and that both methods have different focuses. This m...","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"116 1","pages":"166-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87781537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for Papers: Prospective Memory: A Topical Issue of the Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology","authors":"Rebekah E. Smith","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"17 1","pages":"59-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79752734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}