Asian research journal of arts & social sciences最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Social Factors on Utilization of Antenatal Care Services: A Case in Njombe Town Council for the Three Health Facilities; Njombe Urban, Idundilanga and ARCS Health Center","authors":"Augustino Francis Masanje, Given Msomba, Sosthenes Ruheza","doi":"10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3478","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this study was to assess the influence of social factors on utilization of Antenatal Care services in Njombe Town Council. This study was of quantitative whereas, cross section research design was used to capture data at one time. Questionnaire was used to collect data for statistical analysis from pregnant women who acquire and attain ANC services, as three health facilities supported for the collection of qualitative and quantitative data. Questionnaire was found to be suitable as it captured measurable data which were suitable for hypothesis testing. The researcher employed Simple random sampling, as it was used to draw out 182 respondents from the targeted population in the context of Njombe Town Council.
 Using chi square analysis and mean score analysis, findings revealed that social factors had significant influence on the utilization of ANC services for pregnant women in Njombe Town Council. It was further found out that, husband communication with pregnant women was highly contributing to their partners to effectively utilize ANC services when compared with the communication by pregnant women with the health workers and relatives. Also, it was found out that pregnant women with secondary level of education were utilizing more ANC services when compared with pregnant women with other levels of education. Based on these findings this study concludes that social factors was significant influencing utilization of ANC services. This study recommends that professional training to the health cares for providing health care on ANC services to pregnant women to regularly access ANC services, should be implemented by the government in order to sufficiently improve provision of ANC services hence reduce potential risks for the mother and child throughout the maternity period.","PeriodicalId":472854,"journal":{"name":"Asian research journal of arts & social sciences","volume":"112 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Analysis of the Drivers of Urban Expansion on Peri-Urban Lands in Ilorin, Nigeria","authors":"John Olayemi Afolayan, Michael Adedayo Adebayo, Victor Olutope Ige, Abel Omoniyi Afolayan","doi":"10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3477","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To examine the drivers of urban expansion on peri-urban areas in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional survey research.
 Place and Duration of Study: Eyenkorin, Kwara State 2022.
 Methodology: From the literature review, fifteen (15) drivers of urban expansion at the peri-urban areas were highlighted. Afterwards a pilot survey was done on the 15 factors among experts in academia with relevant experiences in the built environment. The 15 factors were affirmed adequate for the study. A structured questionnaire survey on a 4-Point Likert Scale was administered to 332 household heads in the study area to colate opinions on how the highlighted factors influence urban expansion on the peripheral land. Weighted Mean Score, Factor Analysis and Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation were used to analyze the factors driving urban expansion in the study area. Weighted Mean Score was used to evaluate the individual factors driving urban expansion of peripheral lands in the study area. The Factor Analysis helped to identify the principal individual factors driving urban expansion at the study area and how they are related with to one another. Fuzzy Synthetic matrix was used to reveal the categories of factors driving urban expansion at the study area in order of their importance.
 Results: From study, Occupation and living related factors with a criticality index of 3.12 are the most critical drivers of urban expansion towards the periphery in the study area. This is followed by Accessibility comfort and Land speculation factors with a criticality index of 2.96; and Religious and Institutional factors with a criticality index of 2.72. However, in the study area, Socio-Cultural related factors with a criticality index of 1.22 are not significant drivers of urban expansion towards the periphery in the study area.
 Conclusion: The study revealed that there has been exponential spatial urban land use expansion in the peripheral area considered for the study. The study revealed that the factors driving urban expansion to the peripheral area centered around job/occupation related factors, housing and living factors, accessibility factors, religious and institutional factors. For the purpose of environmental preservation and a structured land use, attention should be given to the pace and pattern of urban expansion to achieve a sustainable land use. Hence, there is need to start giving attention to how urban expansion occurs and the land use activities that clusters around the landmarks driving the urban expansion at the peri-urban areas in order to ensure sustainable urban expansion especially in developing countries where this can be an oversight. This will help to optimize a balanced urban land use dynamics for the present and the future preservation of the environment.","PeriodicalId":472854,"journal":{"name":"Asian research journal of arts & social sciences","volume":"38 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of School Heads on Teachers’ Commitment in Public Secondary Schools in Kagera Region, Tanzania","authors":"Archard Kashamba, Coletha C. Ngirwa, Maulid Maulid","doi":"10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3476","url":null,"abstract":"Teachers’ commitment plays a pivotal role in the success of any education system and the leadership provided by heads of schools is instrumental in shaping this commitment. Empirical research has consistently demonstrated a strong connection between instructional leadership and teachers’ commitment. In the context of Kagera Region, Tanzania, which has witnessed a decline in various aspects of education and human development, this study built upon transformational leadership theory and employed quantitative research approach, with a cross-sectional design to investigate the relationship between supervisory practices of heads of schools and teachers’ commitment in public secondary schools. The study collected quantitative data from a sample of 240 teachers in the Kagera Region. The quantitative data were collected using two instruments: The Leadership Scale adapted from Carless, Wearing, and Mann (2000) and the Employee Commitment Scale adapted from Mwamatandala and Muneja (2020). The primary hypothesis posited that supervisory practices of heads of schools significantly impact teachers’ commitment. The results revealed a substantial significant relationship between heads of schools and teachers’ commitment, demonstrating the importance of instructional leadership in shaping teaching commitment in schools. The study also revealed an avarage level of teachers’ commitment in performing their duties in schools. This finding raises important questions regarding teacher efficacy and leadership efficacy within Kagera Region's public secondary schools. The results underline the need for targeted interventions aimed at improving instructional leadership practices to boost teachers’ commitment. Pedagogically, the results implicate that qualitative data can provide a deeper understanding about which and how leadership practices influence teachers’ commitment.","PeriodicalId":472854,"journal":{"name":"Asian research journal of arts & social sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Contributing to the Failure of Women’ssmall-Scaled Enterprises in Dodoma City Council, Tanzania","authors":"Frank Biseko Gamba","doi":"10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3475","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study presents the findings on the Factors Contributing to the Failure of Female Small-scale Enterprises in Dodoma City Council, Tanzania. The study was guided by three specific objectives: to identify structural factors contributing to the failure of women small-scale entrepreneurs, to find out social factors contributing to the failure of women small-scale entrepreneurs and to examine economic factors contributing to the failure of women small-scale entrepreneurs.
 Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional research design where structured questionnaire with open and close-ended questions were used to collect primary information from a sample size of 70 respondents. The researcher used a mixed-research approach, that is, qualitative and quantitative. A qualitative approach was used in collecting respondents’ views during the interviews while the quantitative approach was used to collect information from respondents through questionnaires. Quantitative data analysis was done by using Statistical Product for Social Solution (SPSS) computer program version 25.0.
 Results: The general findings indicated that government regulations like long license processing and unfavorable tax, scarcity of cash flow at the start-up, and operating and expanding their businesses served as the factors contributing to the failure of women small-scale enterprises in Dodoma City Council. It was further found that high interest rates from banks and other financial institutions affected the growth of enterprises; also, men’s perception that women’s responsibility is to take care of their families instead of working to increase their family income accelerated women to perform business as a part-time activity hence failure in business.
 Conclusion: the study recommends that women’s small-scaled entrepreneurs must form groups to work together in cooperatives to reduce the business running costs such as tax, rent payable and interest rates from the financial institutions. In addition, the government should enforce laws to eradicate bureaucracy and corruption based on sex, place of origin, favoritism and infidelity from some government officials and credit officers during the compliance of business tax approximation and loan application processing.","PeriodicalId":472854,"journal":{"name":"Asian research journal of arts & social sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic Factors Affecting Acceptability of COVID 19 Vaccination: Experience from Community Members in Iringa Municipality","authors":"Rufina Carlos Haule, Given Msomba, John Pesha","doi":"10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3474","url":null,"abstract":"COVID 19 vaccination was fast key intervention against the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine acceptance among community members is essential to promote uptake. This study, aimed to examine how demographic factors affected accessibility of COVID 19 vaccination in Tanzania among community members. The study was mixed method research approach in nature where cross section research design was used to capture data at one time. The study employed a sample size of 120 respondents, including vaccinated, non vaccinated, key informants and respondents for focus group discussion from three wards in Iringa Municipality 0n June to July 2022.  Simple random sampling was used to select 54 non vaccinated and 10 respondents for focus group discussion, snow ball for 54 vaccinated and purposively for 2 key informants. Both qualitative and quantitative data gathering techniques were employed in the study. Using descriptive statistical analysis, findings revealed that demographic factors such as elderly people, men, people with low education and entrepreneurs have an effect on public acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine. In fact, administering vaccines has a big influence on the success of handling the Covid-19 pandemic. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out further studies regarding the effect of these factors in receiving the Covid-19 vaccine.","PeriodicalId":472854,"journal":{"name":"Asian research journal of arts & social sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135885245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Challenges Facing Ex-Prisoners During their Integration into Societies in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania","authors":"Anitha K. Benard, Given Msomba, John Pesha","doi":"10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3473","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the social challenges encountered by ex-prisoners during their reintegration into society a case of Iringa Municipality. Questionnaires and key-informant interviews were used to collect quantitative data and qualitative respectively. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze qualitative data, while Statistical Product for Social Solutions (SPSS Version 20) was used to analyze quantitative data. The study's findings underscored social challenges faced by ex-prisoners as they sought to reintegrate into their society that include discrimination by family members and society, difficulties in securing housing, and limited access to essential healthcare services. Based on these findings, the study recommendations include educational initiatives aimed at reducing discrimination against ex-prisoners by raising awareness about their rehabilitation and potential contributions to society.","PeriodicalId":472854,"journal":{"name":"Asian research journal of arts & social sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136033501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life after Imprisonment: Exploring the Repercussions of Jail Time on Ex-Convicts","authors":"Grace Anne Agtong, Alan Bazer, Kate Angellie Descuatan, Emma C. Ceballo","doi":"10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3472","url":null,"abstract":"Representation is imperative to help society comprehend what life is like after imprisonment. This qualitative study delves into the nuanced experiences of formerly incarcerated individuals, commonly referred to as ex-convicts, within the province of Davao del Sur. Through snowball sampling and in-depth interviews, we explored the challenges they faced, the consequences of these challenges, the coping mechanisms they employed, and the insights gained during their reintegration into society. Utilizing a phenomenological approach, the research uncovers three primary challenges faced by ex-convicts: (1) anticipated stigma and stigma management, the struggle to secure (2) emotional and material support, and (3) social readjustment and reintegration due to their preconceived detachment from society outside prison. Moreover, the findings indicate that former inmates experienced negative effects caused by their time in jail, leading to (1) emotional distress. However, the experience also served as a means for them to (2) restore their faith and become more (3) introspective in their thoughts and actions. Their coping mechanisms provided them hope and a positive mindset in overcoming the challenges they encountered, such as (1) social and spiritual, and (2) mindful acceptance of their current situation, which showed their resilience, faith, and as a repercussion of their violations. Furthermore, imprisonment became insightful learning to them to have a (1) stronghold between family ties and emotional support, as well as (2) renewed their faith in God. Consequently, government social reentry programs must be reinforced to help these individuals in many facets of their lives to promote resilient adjustments and prevent recidivism.","PeriodicalId":472854,"journal":{"name":"Asian research journal of arts & social sciences","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135855106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing on Capital Structure in India with Special Reference to CNX Junior NIFTY","authors":"None Praveen A. M., Nagendra Marisetty","doi":"10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3471","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the factors that influence the capital structure of companies listed on India's CNX Junior Nifty index. Capital structure refers to the combination of debt and equity financing utilized by a company. The capital structure choice is one of the most critical decisions made by financial management. The study investigates the factors that influence the capital structure, considering the debt-equity ratio as the dependent variable and liquidity, profitability, growth, tangibility, and size as independent variables. The study employs a quantitative methodology, utilizing correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and panel data analysis, to assess the impact of financial variables on the DER. A sample of 40 companies constituting the National Stock Exchange's CNX Junior Nifty was analyzed from 2020 to 2023 The study reveals that while Profitability (ROE) consistently exhibits a significant negative relationship with the DER, other variables such as Liquidity, Growth, Tangibility, and Size exhibit varying degrees of correlation but lack consistent statistical significance. The findings provide valuable insights into the factors that impact the capital structure decisions of Indian companies in the context of the CNX Junior Nifty index.","PeriodicalId":472854,"journal":{"name":"Asian research journal of arts & social sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Landlords–Tenants Relationship on Compliance with Commercial Property Lease Arrangement in Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"Adedamola Fisayo Audu, Olusola Kehinde Olaniyi, Cecilia Omolola Afolabi","doi":"10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3470","url":null,"abstract":"Main Purpose: This study focused on investigating the influence of landlord-tenant relationships on commercial property lease compliance in Abuja, Nigeria. The study was borne from the various impending issues militating against achieving the objectives of either the landlord or the tenant in the study area.
 Research Methods: A total of one hundred and twenty-five (125) copies of questionnaires were administered to Estate Surveying and Valuation firms in Abuja with one hundred and three (103) retrieved representing an 82.4% retrieval rate. The retrieved questionnaires were analyzed using frequency distribution, Weighted Mean Score, and Chi-Square Test further subjected to a Fisher’s Exact Test.
 Main Contributions: The study observed that there is a relationship between landlord-tenant relationship and compliance with lease arrangement in the study area (with a p-value of 0.001 for the Fisher's Exact Test at 0.05 significance level). In view of this, Estate surveyors and valuers are advised to ensure the maintenance of a cordial and mutual relationship in sequence with the proviso of the tenancy agreement between landlords and tenants in order to avoid non-compliance.","PeriodicalId":472854,"journal":{"name":"Asian research journal of arts & social sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Exchange Rate on Domestic Price Level in Nigeria","authors":"Nwokoye Matthew Okechukwu, Machi Ignatius Okoye, Nwokocha Azuka Florence, Eze Chioma Confidence, Onwuka Irene Nkechi, Okechukwu Stanley Chidinna, Ekwugha Juliet Chika","doi":"10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3469","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria experienced significant depreciation of her currency during the specified period of this study, mainly due to factors such as falling oil prices, external economic conditions such as slowdown in global economic growth, trade tensions which led to capital outflows from emerging markets including markets in Nigeria, tightening of global monetary policy which affected capital flows to these emerging markets, coupled with domestic macroeconomic challenges like concerns over policy consistency, governance issues and security challenges, capital flight and weakened investors’’ confidence. These conditions collectively created an adverse environment for the Nigerian economy, leading to the depreciation of Naira. Consequently, this study set out to achieve the main objective of investigating on a more recent basis, effects of exchange rate on domestic price level in Nigeria. The period covered was from January 2015 through December 2022. The study adopted the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and the variables included consumer price inflation, nominal exchange rate, import prices, international crude oil prices and real output growth. We found insignificant positive impact of the nominal exchange rate on consumer price inflation in Nigeria. The import prices also proved a significant effect on consumer price inflation in Nigeria. the study recommends that Governments at all levels in the country should encourage and support the innovative ideas of business firms and individuals. This will support local production, hence, there can be substitution of imported goods for domestically produced goods and the exchange rate will be stable.","PeriodicalId":472854,"journal":{"name":"Asian research journal of arts & social sciences","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}