Ecological Psychology最新文献_第5页

Educating Older Adults’ Attention towards and Away from Gap-Specifying Information in a Virtual Road-Crossing Task 在虚拟过马路任务中教育老年人对缺口指示信息的注意和远离

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Ecological Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-13 DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2020.1826322

James Stafford, M. Rodger

{"title":"Educating Older Adults’ Attention towards and Away from Gap-Specifying Information in a Virtual Road-Crossing Task","authors":"James Stafford, M. Rodger","doi":"10.1080/10407413.2020.1826322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2020.1826322","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Previous research has shown age-related declines in the use of specifying perceptual information to guide action decisions in traffic environments. In the present study, we investigated the effects of cross-modal cueing on perceptual training with older adults in a virtual road-crossing task. Specifically, we tested whether the visual information used to decide which inter-car gaps afforded crossing could be influenced by sound events which tracked either gap-specifying or non-specifying optic variables. Thirty-nine older adults were divided into three groups who practiced with auditory cues mapped to either the time-to-arrival of the approaching car (specifying group), its distance (non-specifying group), or no sounds (control group). Although all three groups reduced decision errors with training, analysis of which variables predicted crossing responses showed that the specifying group’s decisions became more attuned to the time-to-arrival information, whereas the non-specifying group became less attuned to this information and more to the distance information. Thus, attention for action decisions in older adults was re-educated towards either specifying or non-specifying visual information, depending on the optic variables highlighted by the auditory cues. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of designing perceptual learning studies and road safety interventions for the elderly.","PeriodicalId":47279,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":"31 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10407413.2020.1826322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45076602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Effects of Surface Luminance and Texture Discontinuities on Reachableness in Virtual Reality 虚拟现实中表面亮度和纹理不连续性对可达性的影响

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Ecological Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-08 DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2020.1820336

Jonathan K. Doyon, Joseph D. Clark, A. Hajnal, G. Legradi

{"title":"Effects of Surface Luminance and Texture Discontinuities on Reachableness in Virtual Reality","authors":"Jonathan K. Doyon, Joseph D. Clark, A. Hajnal, G. Legradi","doi":"10.1080/10407413.2020.1820336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2020.1820336","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Perceiving distance is at the heart of everyday actions like reaching for a cup of coffee. This action depends on at least the biomechanical restrictions of the actor (i.e., arm-length) and the physical distance between the cup and the actor. Environmental variables may also impact perceived distances for reaching. For a given perceptual judgment, these variables might be thought of as static, i.e., stable or unchanging. But the perception-action process involves the unfolding of dynamic variables such as exploratory movement. Four experiments were conducted to investigate the roles of two “static” environmental variables (surface luminance and surface texture discontinuity) and two “dynamic” exploratory-movement-related variables (mean head displacement and multifractality of head movement) in an object-reachableness task in virtual reality. We found that surface texture discontinuities and surface luminance can make objects appear more reachable, but not always. We also found that in more complex scenarios, the inclusion of the dynamic variables improved model fits over the static models. We suggest that movement is the driver of perception and, that in attempting to model a given perceptual process, the researcher must consider the underlying characteristics of variables tested and seek out variables related to the unfolding dynamics of the perception-action cycle.","PeriodicalId":47279,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":"1 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10407413.2020.1820336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41865336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

A Brief Review on the Application of Lanchester’s Models of Combat in Nonhuman Animals Lanchester战斗模型在非人类动物中的应用综述

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Ecological Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2020.1846456

Elizabeth Clifton

{"title":"A Brief Review on the Application of Lanchester’s Models of Combat in Nonhuman Animals","authors":"Elizabeth Clifton","doi":"10.1080/10407413.2020.1846456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2020.1846456","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Lanchester models of combat were originally created for human warfare. These models were inspired by advances in technology and automatic weaponry at the turn of the 20th century. They parameterize army group size and individual fighting ability to explain the mortality rate of soldiers in a group during battle. In the last few decades, they have been applied to conflicts involving interactions between groups of nonhuman animals of varying degrees of sociality. This review focuses on the predictions and applications of Lanchester laws to nonhuman animal contests. Behavioral researchers have used the Lanchester models to interpret a variety of life history strategies and behaviors, such as colony fission in army ants, size differences in native versus non-native ants, recruitment behavior in chimpanzees, and dominance hierarchies in birds. These researchers assumed that the Lanchester laws apply qualitatively, and sometimes quantitatively, to the specific circumstances studied. To increase their biological realism, mathematical modifications have been proposed. While applications suggest that these laws may explain a multitude of social behaviors, there are surprisingly few empirical tests. Thus, further empirical data are needed to fully assess the accuracy of the models in predicting outcomes in nonhuman animals and their usefulness to biological systems.","PeriodicalId":47279,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"181 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10407413.2020.1846456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48883755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Behavioral Consequences of Sensory System Constraints in the Firefly Photinus carolinus 萤火虫感觉系统约束的行为后果

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Ecological Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2020.1846455

A. Moiseff, J. Copeland

{"title":"Behavioral Consequences of Sensory System Constraints in the Firefly Photinus carolinus","authors":"A. Moiseff, J. Copeland","doi":"10.1080/10407413.2020.1846455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2020.1846455","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fireflies use bioluminescent flashes to establish a dialogue between conspecific males and females. Through this dialogue, receptive females attract conspecific males for mating. In most firefly species, the males act as independent agents. That is, as they fly and flash in search of a responding female they do not appear to coordinate their activities with other males. In marked contrast, the males of some firefly species coordinate their flashes to coincide with those of other conspecific flashing males, resulting in synchronous flashing across local populations. We propose that the need for synchrony in these species may be driven by constraints imposed by the female visual system. Since males are flying while flashing and may appear to flash from different spatial locations, the female must attend to flashes over a wide visual field. But doing so has a drawback. She may see the flashes of multiple males within her wide visual field and their flashes could interfere with her ability to respond to any single male. We present evidence of a sensitive period during which extraneous flashes interfere with a female’s response to a conspecific male and develop a model to predict how the number of independently flashing conspecific males affects the female’s responsiveness. By coordinating their flashing, the males reduce the chance that any of them will flash during the female’s sensitive period. This minimizes interference with establishing the male–female dialogue that would otherwise result by the presence of many patrolling males being in the female visual field. We conclude that the constraints imposed by the female visual system could be a factor driving the need for males to synchronize their flashing if they tend to fly and flash at high population density.","PeriodicalId":47279,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"143 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10407413.2020.1846455","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47981191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Ecological Psychology Meets Ecology: Apis mellifera as a Model for Perception-Action, Social Dynamics, and Human Factors 生态心理学与生态学:蜜蜂是感知-行动、社会动态和人为因素的模型

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Ecological Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2020.1836966

M. Chiovaro, Alexandra Paxton

{"title":"Ecological Psychology Meets Ecology: Apis mellifera as a Model for Perception-Action, Social Dynamics, and Human Factors","authors":"M. Chiovaro, Alexandra Paxton","doi":"10.1080/10407413.2020.1836966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2020.1836966","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Previous ecological research on social dynamics has largely been conducted on human dyads; however, to provide support for Hume's touchstone, ecological psychologists must also investigate the perception-action and collective action capabilities of non-humans. This approach allows us to circumvent possible cognitivist interpretations of complex social phenomena by exploring social dynamics across organisms with a range of abilities. Here, we outline how the integration of ecology and ecological psychology will benefit ecological theory (i.e., by informing large scale human collective coordination) and the way we engineer collaborative human groups. To demonstrate the benefits of this avenue of research, we detail the well-studied communication system of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera, and highlight the context-sensitivity and specificity of their communicative signals. We discuss two collective social phenomena in bees—swarming and task allocation—and how their study can inform human interpersonal dynamics. In order to use insects as a basis for improving human group coordination, we suggest that we must not only identify a suitable insect but also a particular phenomenon that shares the same values along critical dimensions of variability. We end by providing potential real-world implications of this disciplinary cross-pollination.","PeriodicalId":47279,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"192 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10407413.2020.1836966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44983520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Action Coordination in Non-Human Self-Organizing Collectives: Multidisciplinary Lessons From Living and Nonliving Systems 非人类自组织集体中的行动协调：生活系统和非生活系统的多学科经验教训

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Ecological Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2020.1842136

M. Chiovaro, Alexandra Paxton

引用次数: 1

Collective Dissipative Structures, Force Flow Reciprocity, and the Foundations of Perception–Action Mutuality 集体耗散结构、力流互易性和感知的基础——行动互易性

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Ecological Psychology Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2020.1820337

Benjamin De Bari, D. Kondepudi, B. Kay, J. Dixon

{"title":"Collective Dissipative Structures, Force Flow Reciprocity, and the Foundations of Perception–Action Mutuality","authors":"Benjamin De Bari, D. Kondepudi, B. Kay, J. Dixon","doi":"10.1080/10407413.2020.1820337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2020.1820337","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Physical systems maintained far from equilibrium exhibit self-organization of structure and behavior. These dissipative structures can exhibit life-like qualities and activities, such as collective and coordinated behaviors. We review such collective behaviors in electrical and chemical dissipative structures. Electrical dissipative structures can functionally coordinate their behaviors to maximize the rate of entropy production. Coupled oscillating electrical dissipative structures exhibit in-phase and anti-phase coordinative modes characteristic of biological coupled oscillators. Chemical swimmers form collective flocks with emergent properties, including sensitivities to magnetic and thermal fields, and rudimentary navigational capabilities. We review previously published work on electrical and chemical dissipative structures in the context of functional coordination. We also present a novel study of the functional coordination within the electrical dissipative structure. These collective behaviors are enabled by coupling of dissipative entities through diffuse energetic fields. We propose that the causal structure of the physics underlying these collective phenomena may be the same as that supporting coordination between organisms. We draw analogies between thermodynamic forces and flows driving the non-living dissipative structures and the perception–action mutuality which supports biological behavior.","PeriodicalId":47279,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"153 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10407413.2020.1820337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44530361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Search Strategies in Practice: Testing the Effect of Inherent Variability on Search Patterns 实践中的搜索策略:测试内在变异性对搜索模式的影响

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Ecological Psychology Pub Date : 2020-06-24 DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2020.1781536

M. Pacheco, Charley W. Lafe, K. Newell

{"title":"Search Strategies in Practice: Testing the Effect of Inherent Variability on Search Patterns","authors":"M. Pacheco, Charley W. Lafe, K. Newell","doi":"10.1080/10407413.2020.1781536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2020.1781536","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To execute a motor solution to a given task, individuals search through the space of movement possibilities guided by information that arises from the interaction with task and environment. Through this search, individuals seek to avoid inappropriate solutions through local minima in the task space. The processes that lead to some but not all individuals avoiding local minima and finding solutions is not yet understood. Based on the tenets of ecological psychology for perception and action, we examined in two experiments the hypothesis that the incapacity to differentiate errors (performance of an inappropriate solution) from inherent variability would interfere with the perception of properties of the task space and result in a longer time performing an inappropriate solution for the task before exploration of other solutions. Inherent variability was shown to be a direct predictor of the changes in the search strategies. Also, we found that the specifics of the search patterns could predict the performance in the task. Thus, the pattern of motion through the task space affords perception of specific properties of this space guiding individuals in the evolving dynamics of exploration or exploitation.","PeriodicalId":47279,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"115 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10407413.2020.1781536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47926200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Predictability and Variability of a Dynamic Environment Impact Affordance Judgments 动态环境影响可视性判断的可预测性和可变性

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Ecological Psychology Pub Date : 2020-03-27 DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2020.1741323

Kathryn M. Lucaites, Roshan Venkatakrishnan, R. Venkatakrishnan, Ayush Bhargava, C. Pagano

{"title":"Predictability and Variability of a Dynamic Environment Impact Affordance Judgments","authors":"Kathryn M. Lucaites, Roshan Venkatakrishnan, R. Venkatakrishnan, Ayush Bhargava, C. Pagano","doi":"10.1080/10407413.2020.1741323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2020.1741323","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A crucial component of locomotion and mobility is the successful navigation of apertures (e.g., doorways, lanes, corridors). While much research has studied perceptions of action capabilities in a static environment, far less work has considered how action capabilities change in a dynamic environment, particularly when the environment moves in unpredictable ways. The current experiment assessed actors’ perceptions of aperture passability for a dynamically moving gap. In an immersive virtual environment, participants were seated in a wheelchair rolling toward a sliding door while the door oscillated to various widths. The patterns of oscillation were manipulated in terms of their amplitude (sequence standard deviation), predictability (sequence sample entropy), and base width (sequence mean) in a within-participants design. Participants gave judgments of passability within a temporal occlusion paradigm. Results showed that both the amplitude and predictability of the oscillating door impacted the reliability of passability judgments. We suggest that these variables act to alter the salience of optical constraints (e.g., attractors and repellors) within a dynamical systems framework.","PeriodicalId":47279,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"114 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10407413.2020.1741323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48580840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Are Children Attracted to Play Elements with an Open Function? 孩子们会喜欢功能开放的游戏元素吗?

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Ecological Psychology Pub Date : 2020-03-06 DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2020.1732825

A. Lynn van der Schaaf, S. Caljouw, R. Withagen

引用次数: 5