{"title":"New Approaches to the Prison in African History","authors":"D. Konaté","doi":"10.1017/S0021853723000087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853723000087","url":null,"abstract":"Reid — Stapleton ’ s British West African Soldiers contributes substantially to how we understand, reconceptualize, theorize, recast, and reinterpret the centrality of the African colonial soldier in the European imperial project. Non-specialist readers in military history will benefit from, among others, Stapleton ’ s insights on colonial racism and ethnocentrism in Africa, religion and the imperial project","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41893732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘An Era Where Racism is Religion’","authors":"D. Hodgkinson","doi":"10.1017/S0021853723000117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853723000117","url":null,"abstract":"In August 1978, Joshua Nkomo, the long-serving leader of the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU), spoke the words of this review’s title in reference to Zimbabwe’s ongoing liberation war at a solidarity conference in Addis Ababa to justify ZAPU’s controversial decision to shoot down a Rhodesian passenger jet. For historians today, when the importance (if not the meaning) of decolonising the academy is so obvious, Nkomo’s statement is important not just as historical rhetoric but because it calls us to re-evaluate how racism shaped the late twentieth-century global order. This is the stated aim of Timothy Scarnecchia’s Race and Diplomacy, an expansive diplomatic history of Zimbabwe’s ‘long’ liberation war, which sets out to show how racial ideological frameworks shaped the highest levels of diplomatic decision-making up to and after Zimbabwe’s independence. To this end, however, Race and Diplomacy is actually a lot less about race than it is about diplomacy, and specifically US and UK diplomacy. As such, Scarnecchia provides a compelling new account of the American and British diplomatic efforts that shaped the end of Zimbabwe’s liberation war and its first years of independence, wherein race played an important but contingent role. Based primarily on UK, US, and South African archives, the book is an impressive example of how to deal with an extraordinarily complex subject. As Scarnecchia shows, diplomacy was a multilayered, constantly changing feature of this war, involving a mind-boggling number of actors: Zimbabwe’s two fractious nationalist movements, the governments of five frontline states who hosted and supported these movements, the white minority Rhodesian regime, internal Black Rhodesian movements, apartheid South Africa, the UK, the US, and Soviet Union, and others, including Cuba and China. Scarnecchia foregrounds how diplomatic initiatives were shaped by these actors’ institutional politics, particularly those of the two nationalist movements, as well as key personalities such as Henry Kissinger, Joshua Nkomo, Robert Mugabe, Ian Smith, and Christopher Soames. Chapters One and Two gallop through the period’s first fifteen years (1960–75), from the moment when Rhodesian decolonisation deviated from other British colonies to the pivotal events of the mid-1970s, when Southern Africa replaced Southeast Asia as a global centre of the Cold War. Rather than hone in on the 1960s diplomatic debates about Rhodesia’s illegal claim to sovereignty, Scarnecchia instead focuses on the diplomatic response to often opaque and deadly nationalist leadership struggles, particularly those within the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), whose chairman, Herbert Chitepo, was assassinated in 1975. The book becomes much more focused in Chapter Three and Chapter Four, which deal with the diplomatic events following the release of","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43357780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing Automobile Culture in Tanzania","authors":"Michael Degani","doi":"10.1017/S0021853723000051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853723000051","url":null,"abstract":"the ‘tendencies, orientations and virtualities’ involved in the production of urban space. For him, the move toward ‘urban society’ is a postindustrial, universal process of human life becoming more complex with dense ‘interrelated networks’ of relationships wherein the urban space produces a constant tension between homogenizing and differentiating forces. It would take far more space than this book review allows for me to explore, but as I read Making Identity I pondered how Lefebvre’s concept would, or would not, apply to Bagamoyo as it became an urban society, with tensions pulling toward localization and globalization at the same time. Likewise, Doreen Massey’s work on ‘a global sense of place’ would to my mind clearly resonate with Fabian’s analysis of cosmopolitanism and localization in Bagamoyo. Like Fabian, Massey was working to rethink ‘our sense of place’, to see it not simply as a defensive, reactionary attachment but as an ‘outward-looking’ strategy for engaging with the world, as Wabagamoyo often seem to have done over the period of time Fabian examines. But the book is already quite thick with references and empirical detail, so these are perhaps questions for someone else’s book. I have been engaging with the debates in which Fabian engages for 40 years, and yet I still learned much from Making Identity. The breadth, depth, and range of Fabian’s archival work is astounding, including extensive work in the UK, Germany, Tanzania, Zanzibar, and elsewhere, utilizing French, German, Swahili, and English-language documents. Fabian’s careful reading and deployment of archival evidence is masterful, backed by judicious use of oral interviews. It is a valuable contribution to African urban history on several fronts at once.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43746280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bridging the Gap with the ‘New’ Economic History of Africa","authors":"E. Frankema, Marlous van Waijenburg","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000792","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This review article seeks to build bridges between mainstream African history and the more historically oriented branch of the ‘new’ economic history of Africa. We survey four central topics of the new economic history of Africa — growth, trade, labor, and inequality — and argue that the increased use of quantitative methods and comparative perspectives have sharpened views on long-term trajectories of economic development within Africa and placed the region more firmly into debates of global economic development. The revival of African economic history opens new opportunities for Africanist historians to enrich the interdisciplinary approaches they have taken to study questions of demography, poverty, slavery, labor, inequality, migration, state formation, and colonialism. These fruits, however, can only be reaped if the institutional boundaries between the fields of history and economic history are softened and both sides engage in greater mutual engagement. Our paper aims to move closer to a shared vision on the benefits and limitations of varying quantitative methods, and how these approaches underpin both more and less convincing narratives of long-term African development.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57131706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Caught between the Union Jack and the Nazi Swastika: African Protests over Ambiguous Status under British Imperialism and Potential Transfer to Nazi Colonialism","authors":"E. Kissi","doi":"10.1017/S0021853723000014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853723000014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Resistance to colonial rule is a dominant topic in the historical study of Africa. But resistance to attempted transfer of colonised peoples and territories, to promote peace in Europe, has not gained similar attention in African and colonial historiographies. This article looks at how rumours and reports of Nazi Germany's colonial demands in Africa, and the ambiguous reactions of British officials to them, shaped conversations among colonised peoples about their dignity under British colonialism and in intra-European diplomacy. The article argues that the prospect of Nazi rule and its spectre of slave-labour concentration camps for Africa's Western-educated elites, and other colonial subjects, bound these segments of colonial society closer to British, and French, imperialism than they relished at an uncertain, but critical moment in African and international history. They became the defenders of colonial systems they deplored, and opponents of a ruthless regime they feared.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48637530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moving Histories: Bantu Language Expansions, Eclectic Economies, and Mobilities","authors":"R. Grollemund, David Schoenbrun, J. Vansina","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000780","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This essay interprets a classification of Africa's Bantu languages which used statistical tools guided by assumptions about farming and its chronology to analyze fresh vocabulary evidence. It shows a peeling movement from Cameroon's grassfields, into southern Cameroon, then along a savanna corridor through West Central Africa's rainforests, into the Savannahs, then to Southern Africa, the Great Lakes, and Indian Ocean coast. The clear sequence of movement masks methodological and historical factors. Language death, multilingualism, and the limits of vocabulary evidence restrain the classification's authority. ‘Transformations’ from food collecting to food producing or from no metals to full engagement with metals were mutable, unfolded at different speeds, and involved interactions with firstcomers. In Central Africa, Bantu speakers were often the first farmers and metal-users in the region but elsewhere they were commonly neither. Their arrivals did not immediately displace firstcomers. Computational methods can accommodate many of these issues.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46544930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethnic Othering and Governance in Imperial Ethiopia","authors":"Daniel Ayana","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000743","url":null,"abstract":"The Other Abyssinians focuses on nineteenth century W ᾶ llo, Northern Sh ᾶ wa Amhara districts, the neighboring Tuullamma Oromo elites, and the emergence of modern Ethiopia under Menelik. Yates is interested in how W ᾶ llo and Oromo political elites were incorporated into the Ethiopian state. The author develops two key concepts, the first of which is somewhat familiar. The term H ᾶ b ᾶ sha or H ᾶ b ᾶ shaness is a pillar for the author ’ s thesis to ‘ challenge ’ the rigidity of ‘ the concept of ethnicity and ethnic categories such as Oromo, Amhara, and Tigrean ’ (14). The Introduction and Chapter One develop an argument about ‘ the Oromo H ᾶ b ᾶ sha ’ , extending H ᾶ b ᾶ shaness — previ-ously reserved for Semitic speakers — to Cushitic speakers, like the Oromo. Chapter Two focuses on W ᾶ llo, tracing the origin of the Yãjju dynasty, and the region ’ s rise as the political center in northern Ethiopia. Chapter Three reconstructs the rise of Shãwan Amhara districts as Menelik ’ s power base during the last years of Tewodros, the emperor who is generally credited with beginning to centralize political authority beyond the Amhara-Tigrean regions. The chapter considers how Gobãna, a noted Oromo war leader, supported Menelik to expand his authority over the Oromo-speaking districts. It is here that the author extends H ᾶ b ᾶ sha identity to Gobãna ’ s Cushitic-speaking Oromo followers, thereby associating H ᾶ b ᾶ sha with the centralization of Ethiopian political authority. Chapter Four traces Mohammed Ali ’ s rise as the leader of Wãllo under Emperor Yohannes IV, who had him converted to","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49362940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"African Medicine in the Atlantic World","authors":"Philippa Hellawell","doi":"10.1017/s0021853722000640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021853722000640","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42216104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AFH volume 63 issue 3 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0021853722000779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021853722000779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42861110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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