{"title":"From the editors","authors":"T. Mahnken","doi":"10.1080/01402390.2023.2181913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2023.2181913","url":null,"abstract":"We would like to welcome Chiara Libiseller to the editorial team of The Journal of Strategic Studies. We are excited to have her join us as Deputy Editor. We would similarly like to extend our deepest appreciation to Joshua Rovner for his years of service as Deputy Editor and to Alan James for his tenure as the journal’s Reviews Editor. In recent years, as evidence of China’s nuclear and conventional buildup has grown, so too has concern over the prospects of escalation stemming from the entanglement of Chinese nuclear and conventional weapon systems. In ‘Are They Reading Schelling in Beijing? The Dimensions, Drivers, and Risks of Nuclear-Conventional Entanglement in China’, David C. Logan of Princeton University develops a framework for assessing entanglement and its risks. Applying that framework to China, he finds that Beijing’s missiles are not as entangled as is sometimes feared. He argues that strategic signaling and perception management will be key to controlling escalation risks stemming from nuclear-conventional entanglement in China. The issue’s next three essays examine the topics of strategic culture and military innovation. In ‘Theory of Strategic Culture: An Analytical Framework for Russian Cyber Threat Perception’, Martti J. Kari of the University of Jyväskylä and Katri Pynnöniemi of the University of Helsinki formulate an analytical framework to study the formation of Russian thinking on cyber threats as part of Russian strategic culture. They identify a sense of vulnerability, the narrative of Russia as a besieged fortress, and the technological inferiority of Russia as specific factors influencing Russian cyber threat perceptions.","PeriodicalId":47240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83564164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is empathy a strategic imperative? A review essay","authors":"C. Yorke","doi":"10.1080/01402390.2022.2152800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2022.2152800","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Empathy is increasingly seen as integral to effective strategy, offering solutions to policy failures and new ways to achieve strategic and operational success. Despite its softer connotations, empathy is hard, requiring strategists to confront misperceptions and false assumptions, and overcome individual egos and national hubris. This article reviews the literature, examining some of the gaps and costs incurred. Whilst strategic empathy may have transactional and instrumental connotations, it suggests that the concept holds greater potential to transform strategy. Used wisely, it offers an ethos and means to put people first, foster greater security, and offer innovative approaches to contemporary challenges.","PeriodicalId":47240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies","volume":"81 1","pages":"1082 - 1102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83963082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Counterinsurgency comes home","authors":"Andrew J Gawthorpe","doi":"10.1080/01402390.2022.2146095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2022.2146095","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two recent books suggest that the crisis of American democracy can be productively understood and addressed through concepts from security studies, namely ‘counterinsurgency’ and ‘civil war’. Yet doing so raises a host of ethical and practical problems which are only likely to make the crisis of American democracy worse.","PeriodicalId":47240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"741 - 748"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82071862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Awe for strategic effect: Hardly worth the trouble","authors":"Samuel Žilinčík","doi":"10.1080/01402390.2022.2138355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2022.2138355","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89153177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Ministry of National Defence in South Korea: Military dominance despite civilian supremacy?","authors":"Insoo Kim, D. Kuehn","doi":"10.1080/01402390.2022.2127092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2022.2127092","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT South Korea’s transition from military-controlled authoritarianism to consolidated civilian-dominated democracy is widely considered a success story. However, civilians’ roles within the MND remain severely limited due to the institutional design of the MND. A decentralised structure emerged in the MND, delegating policy decision-making in critical areas to professional soldiers. Data analysis on 1,060 employees in 21 MND departments shows a clear cut between the military domain and the civilian domain within the MND, which enabled the military to thwart 30 years of civilian efforts to reform the military structure without challenging the principle of civilian supremacy.","PeriodicalId":47240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"865 - 892"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88341397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technological determinism or strategic advantage? Comparing the two Karabakh Wars between Armenia and Azerbaijan","authors":"Vicken Cheterian","doi":"10.1080/01402390.2022.2127093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2022.2127093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77151536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fortuna, chance, risk and opportunity in strategy from Antiquity to the Nuclear Age","authors":"Beatrice Heuser","doi":"10.1080/01402390.2022.2111306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2022.2111306","url":null,"abstract":"Taking risks might be encouraged, both in business and military strategy, when the potential price of losing would not be excessive while the gains in winning, worth wagering such a bet. In military contexts, a side set on aggression and conquest might take such a risk. Chance, fortuna, determining the outcome of risk taking has been seen differently throughout history – fatalistically, as prevalent in the Middle Ages – as been something that could not be influenced, or, as in Antiquity and in more recent times, as a factor open to influence by the astute and forceful military commander, or to prudent planners. New situations could be seen as dangerous and risky, with risks against which one has to hedge. Or they could be seen as a chance to change things in one’s own interest. This might be done through extensive contingency planning, or by seizing an opportunity quickly, applying the genius general’s coup d’oeil to turn a new development to one’s advantage, always conscious that this was a gamble and the outcome uncertain. While such a gamble could win or lose a battle and in turn a war, in the nuclear age, such a gamble would seem difficult to justify given the potential negative outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85328146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender and Nationalism: Political Awakening of Muslim Women of the Subcontinent in the 20th Century","authors":"Aisha Anees Malik","doi":"10.53532/ss.037.02.00216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53532/ss.037.02.00216","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the conflicting relationship between feminism and nationalism by probing into the perception which views women as merely symbols of biological repository of a nation. This formulation is temporarily suspended during nationalist struggles, where women’s support was needed to show unity of identity driven by common objectives. Once independence was achieved, women were expected to stop being comrades in the nationalist struggle and return to being biological and ideological repositories of the nation itself. The political struggles of the Muslim women in the pre and post-independence Pakistan have been used as a case in point. The 20th century social reform movement, the Pakistan Movement and post-independence political struggles, till the end of the century, reflect how a masculine nation-state attempts to limit women’s political and legal rights: the same nation-state that was born as a result of the struggles of women alongside their men.","PeriodicalId":47240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85223768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolution of the Argentina Ministry of Defense since 1983: Organizations, norms, and personnel","authors":"J. Battaglino, D. Pion-Berlin","doi":"10.1080/01402390.2022.2127091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2022.2127091","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Through a progressive strengthening of organizational, legal, and personnel attributes, Argentina's Ministry of Defense has become civilianized. The MOD has been strengthened by the addition of new bureaucratic units headed by civilians with the authority to shape and conduct defense policy while also encouraging interactions with military personnel, resulting in better informed policy choices. This article will account for these changes through a detailed analysis of foreign affairs, strategic planning and promotions, production and research, and education. Procedural rules, divisions of labor and civil-military interactions are delineated. Military modernization deficiencies and the need for a permanent civilian staff are noted.","PeriodicalId":47240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"843 - 864"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73472773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The fulcrum of democratic civilian control: Re-imagining the role of defence ministries","authors":"A. Mukherjee, D. Pion-Berlin","doi":"10.1080/01402390.2022.2127094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2022.2127094","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this introduction we present the justification and the analytical frame of our special issue. More specifically, this issue examines the institutional role of defence ministries in fortifying civilian control and military effectiveness. As we argue, scholarship on this subject is sparse, despite the ministry’s importance in enforcing civilian control, enhancing military effectiveness, and conducting the day-to-day affairs of national defense. If defence ministries are to fulfill these obligations, they must be properly positioned, financially and bureaucratically endowed, as well as staffed with knowledgeable civilians with sufficient authority. Not all ministries are up to these standards. To highlight these aspects, our special issue examines the defense ministries of four countries, two of which are older democracies (France and India) and two more recently established ones (Argentina and South Korea). These case studies pay particular attention to organizational design of the ministries, the roles assigned to civilian and military personnel, how much defense expertise civilians and officers can claim, and whether there are mechanisms that allow ministry personnel to convert resources into military strength. We underscore our contribution to the literature and suggest avenues for further research.","PeriodicalId":47240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"783 - 797"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80933190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}