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Demystifying Legal Personhood for Non-Human Entities: A Kelsenian Approach 揭开非人类实体法人身份的神秘面纱:一个凯尔森的方法
IF 1.2 2区 社会学
Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.1093/ojls/gqac024
Thomas Buocz, Iris Eisenberger
{"title":"Demystifying Legal Personhood for Non-Human Entities: A Kelsenian Approach","authors":"Thomas Buocz, Iris Eisenberger","doi":"10.1093/ojls/gqac024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqac024","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to show that minimalist theories of legal personhood are particularly well suited to evaluating legal personhood proposals for non-humans. It adopts the perspective of Hans Kelsen’s theory of legal personhood, which reduces legal persons to bundles of legal norms. Through the lens of Kelsen’s theory, the article discusses two case studies: legal personhood for natural features in New Zealand and legal personhood for robots in the EU. While the New Zealand case was an acclaimed success, the EU’s proposal was heavily criticised and eventually abandoned. The article explains these widely differing outcomes by highlighting the relevant legal norms and their addressees rather than legal personhood itself. It does so by specifying the rights and obligations that constitute the legal persons, by preventing the attribution of any other rights and obligations to these persons and, finally, by tracing who is ultimately addressed by the relevant rights and obligations.","PeriodicalId":47225,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138538219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Autonomy and Institutionalism in the Law of Contract 合同法中的自治与制度主义
IF 1.2 2区 社会学
Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1093/ojls/gqac017
Ryan Catterwell
{"title":"Autonomy and Institutionalism in the Law of Contract","authors":"Ryan Catterwell","doi":"10.1093/ojls/gqac017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqac017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article considers the extent to which the law of contract is dictated by promise, agreement or intention rather than prevailing norms and standards. It argues that, over the last century, contract law has developed along two different lines. Through statute, policy objectives have been increasingly implemented in contract, in particular, with respect to consumer protection. By contrast, judge-made law has developed, particularly in the commercial context, so as to place greater emphasis on giving effect to what parties promise, agree or intend. This article analyses these changes through an empirical investigation of the law as it has developed in practice. It shows that contract law involves a balance between autonomy and institutionalism; it demonstrates that, beyond consumer protection under statute, contract has shifted in favour of party autonomy.","PeriodicalId":47225,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Legal Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48074324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification as the Process to Determine the Content of Customary International Law 认定:确定习惯国际法内容的过程
IF 1.2 2区 社会学
Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1093/ojls/gqac015
Massimo Lando
{"title":"Identification as the Process to Determine the Content of Customary International Law","authors":"Massimo Lando","doi":"10.1093/ojls/gqac015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqac015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Scholars recently have been arguing that one can interpret rules of customary international law. This article argues that the case for the interpretability of custom is unpersuasive and that the content of customary rules is determined by the process to ascertain the existence of such rules, known as identification. The main thrust of this article is that state practice and opinio juris are central to determining the content of customary international law, but that the case for the interpretability of custom wrongly downplays that centrality. To develop its argument, this article discusses the overlap between content and existence of customary rules, the means to distinguish between putative customary rules (called ‘individuation’), the means to interpret customary rules and the possibility for customary rules to move between levels of abstraction without evidence of state practice or opinio juris (called ‘plasticity’). This article also criticises the legitimacy of interpreting customary international law.","PeriodicalId":47225,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43692598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Normativity of Law: Has the Dispositional Model Solved our Problem? 法律的规范性:性格模型解决了我们的问题吗?
IF 1.2 2区 社会学
Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Pub Date : 2022-06-23 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/ojls/gqac012
Andreas Vassiliou
{"title":"The Normativity of Law: Has the Dispositional Model Solved our Problem?","authors":"Andreas Vassiliou","doi":"10.1093/ojls/gqac012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqac012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In <i>Legal Directives and Practical Reasons</i>, Noam Gur has presented a novel account, called the dispositional model, to explain how law bears on our normative practical reasons. Gur holds that his model is superior to the current models, namely the standard weighing model and Joseph Raz's exclusionary model. Although his work provides useful insights into the practical impact of law, I argue that: (i) his challenge against the exclusionary model is valid only insofar as one accepts Raz's normal justification thesis and dependence thesis; (ii) his argument against the weighing model misses its target, because it attacks the model as a decision-making method, not as an account of practical reason; and (iii) his dispositional model solely constitutes a decision-making strategy and does not offer a third alternative answer to the question of how law affects our normative practical reasons. Hence, the dispositional model is not a competitor to the weighing and the exclusionary model, and the problem of accounting for the normativity of law remains.</p>","PeriodicalId":47225,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"42 3","pages":"943-962"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9645006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40687284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Piercing the Parliamentary Veil against Judicial Review: The Case against Parliamentary Privilege. 冲破司法审查的议会面纱:反对议会特权的案例。
IF 1.2 2区 社会学
Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Pub Date : 2022-05-26 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/ojls/gqac008
Edward Lui
{"title":"Piercing the Parliamentary Veil against Judicial Review: The Case against Parliamentary Privilege.","authors":"Edward Lui","doi":"10.1093/ojls/gqac008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqac008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For centuries, parliamentary privilege has stood as a bar against judicial review over the internal affairs of Parliament. The literature surrounding parliamentary privilege has mostly been about the scope of the privilege; few have discussed if the existence of the privilege itself is justified. This article undertakes that task, by examining parliamentary privilege as a defence against judicial review. Three propositions will be made. First, in the context of judicial review, parliamentary privilege is defined by the outer limits of the principle of exclusive cognisance. Article 9 of the Bill of Rights 1689 adds nothing. Second, parliamentary privilege as it relates to judicial review is incompatible with the two prevailing models of the separation of powers. Third, six arguments that may be made in favour of parliamentary privilege will be refuted. Accordingly, parliamentary privilege should no longer provide a defence towards judicial review.</p>","PeriodicalId":47225,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"42 3","pages":"918-942"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9645115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40687286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Legitimacy-not Justice-and the Case for Judicial Review. 合法性——而非正义——以及司法审查的案例。
IF 1.2 2区 社会学
Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Pub Date : 2022-05-24 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/ojls/gqac009
Tom Hickey
{"title":"<i>Legitimacy-</i>not Justice<i>-and the Case for Judicial Review</i>.","authors":"Tom Hickey","doi":"10.1093/ojls/gqac009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqac009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sceptics of judicial review-from Jeremy Waldron to those in the Judicial Power Project-have tended to attribute to their opponents an erroneous prioritisation of 'justice' over 'legitimacy'. They claim that those who make the case for judicial review do so on the grounds that 'judges know best', and that judicial review therefore helps promote the overall justness of a state's social order-rather than on the grounds that it helps enhance the overall legitimacy of a state's authority. This article interrogates that line of attack. It explores its roots in political theory, particularly the idea that those guilty of it (such as Aileen Kavanagh) follow in John Rawls's supposed prioritisation of justice over legitimacy. And it turns to republican and later-Rawlsian thinking on these two concepts to see whether it may offer a sound basis upon which the case for judicial review can be made … legitimately.</p>","PeriodicalId":47225,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"42 3","pages":"893-917"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9645005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40687288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Three Issues in the Law of Contractual Discretion. 合同自由裁量权法中的三个问题。
IF 1.2 2区 社会学
Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Pub Date : 2022-02-11 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/ojls/gqac003
Jason N E Varuhas
{"title":"Three Issues in the Law of Contractual Discretion.","authors":"Jason N E Varuhas","doi":"10.1093/ojls/gqac003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqac003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The new law of contractual discretion is developing apace. This article addresses three major issues in this dynamic field. First, the article propounds an analytical framework for understanding the nature and practice of reasonableness review in the contractual setting, based on doctrinal exegesis of the full run of cases on contractual discretion. Significantly, the analysis demonstrates that review of contractual discretion is characterised by a 'variable intensity' approach: the intensity with which courts scrutinise exercises of discretion is dependent on a series of contextual factors. Second, the article analyses the genus of the implied term, which imposes legal constraints on contractual decision-makers, arguing that the term is properly conceptualised as a term implied in law. Third, the article addresses the remedial consequences of non-compliance with implied fetters, identifying three different remedial models in the case law. The article challenges the common assertion that damages are the invariable remedy, arguing that an impugned exercise of discretion may be void or voidable.</p>","PeriodicalId":47225,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"42 3","pages":"787-817"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/36/16/gqac003.PMC9645001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40687287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Changing Concepts of the Constitution. 不断变化的宪法观念。
IF 1.2 2区 社会学
Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Pub Date : 2022-01-19 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/ojls/gqac001
Alex Schwartz
{"title":"The Changing Concepts of the Constitution.","authors":"Alex Schwartz","doi":"10.1093/ojls/gqac001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqac001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There have been several important formal changes to the United Kingdom's constitution over the past few decades, including devolution to Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales; the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights in domestic law; and the creation of a new Supreme Court. This article is about the informal semantic changes that may have accompanied these formal changes. It focuses on several central concepts: parliamentary sovereignty, the rule of law, the separation of powers, devolution, and human rights. Using a recently developed machine learning method to analyse a massive corpus of parliamentary debate, the article gauges the extent to which these concepts have become more (or less) related to the meaning of the UK's constitution in parliamentary discourse. Ultimately, the analysis supports some important theoretical expectations about the changing nature of the constitution, including the claim that parliamentary sovereignty is now a less significant concept for the meaning of the constitution than it once was.</p>","PeriodicalId":47225,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"42 3","pages":"758-786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9645002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40687285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件
IF 1.2 2区 社会学
Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/ojls/gqac006
{"title":"OUP accepted manuscript","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ojls/gqac006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqac006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47225,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61433251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two Attitudes towards Textuality in International Law: The Battle for Dualism. 对国际法文本性的两种态度:二元论之争。
IF 1.2 2区 社会学
Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/ojls/gqac010
Jean d'Aspremont
{"title":"Two Attitudes towards Textuality in International Law: The Battle for Dualism.","authors":"Jean d'Aspremont","doi":"10.1093/ojls/gqac010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqac010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article sketches out two distinct attitudes towards textuality in international law, namely international hermeneutics and international poetics. It argues that these two attitudes towards textuality espouse very different types of dualism of thought. This difference bears major implications on how the international lawyer approaches international legal texts. In exposing these two attitudes towards textuality and the distinct types of dualism they reveal, this article makes a plea for a greater embrace of international poetics by international lawyers, and thus for a complete remoulding of international lawyers' dualist patterns of thought.</p>","PeriodicalId":47225,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"42 4","pages":"963-984"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10344412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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