Advances in Child Development and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Individual differences in the effects of child sleep problems on early executive functioning.","authors":"Timothy D Nelson,&nbsp;Anna B Johnson,&nbsp;Erin L Ramsdell,&nbsp;Rebecca L Brock","doi":"10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.08.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep is a critical health behavior with important implications for child development. This chapter discusses the effects of sleep problems on early child executive functioning (EF), with an emphasis on individual differences that might moderate this relationship. Specifically, we (1) provide a brief background on sleep and EF in early childhood; (2) review literature on the association between sleep and EF; (3) review literature on individual differences in the effects of sleep problems on EF; (4) offer recommendations for future research on moderators of the sleep-EF association, and (5) briefly describe an ongoing study examining the moderators of the sleep-EF association within a longitudinal study from pregnancy to preschool.</p>","PeriodicalId":47214,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior","volume":"60 ","pages":"179-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.08.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25413623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conclusions and implications for early intervention.","authors":"Regina T Harbourne","doi":"10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Each chapter in this volume supports the assumption that the quantity and quality of sleep is an essential building block for the architecture of learning in early life. Diverse areas affected by sleep include language, motor skills, problem solving, and memory, which show greater improvements when adequate and healthy sleep pervades a child's routine. Studies described in this volume expand our understanding of the impact of sleep both for short term skill improvement and for long-term developmental gains. The interdisciplinary content of this volume brings practical and translational information regarding sleep and learning in young children, including those with special challenges, such as children with Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, attention deficits, or cerebral palsy. In this concluding chapter, key knowledge gaps will be described with an eye toward areas of study that could further build strategies that support early learning and suggest attention to the role of sleep to enhance the effects of early intervention for children with developmental challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":47214,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior","volume":"60 ","pages":"317-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25419424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relation between sleep and neurocognitive development in infancy and early childhood: A neuroscience perspective.","authors":"Consuelo Basile,&nbsp;Federica Gigliotti,&nbsp;Serena Cesario,&nbsp;Oliviero Bruni","doi":"10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep is essential for human life. It has different characteristics in the early stages of life compared to later periods: during development, qualitative and quantitative changes in sleep features occur such as the onset of REM/NREM sleep at 3 months, the progressive increase of night sleep duration, and the reduction of total sleep time. Sleep seems to be essential in the cognitive functions' development, especially in the first period of life. Indeed, higher rates of night sleep at the age of 12 and 18 months are associated with higher executive functions' performance. Furthermore, memory consolidation occurs during sleep and sleep contributes to children's learning not only in retaining information but also in organizing memories most efficiently. Therefore, sleep problems could cause negative effects on some features of cognitive development like memory, executive functions, and learning process. There is also an intimate relationship between sleep and regulation of emotional brain functions, with a link between sleep disturbance and behavioral problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":47214,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior","volume":"60 ","pages":"9-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.11.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25420370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early child development in low- and middle-income countries: Is it what mothers have or what they do that makes a difference to child outcomes?","authors":"Nirmala Rao,&nbsp;Caroline Cohrssen,&nbsp;Jin Sun,&nbsp;Yufen Su,&nbsp;Michal Perlman","doi":"10.1016/bs.acdb.2021.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2021.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Child developmental theories and a large body of literature underscore the importance of both home and preschool influences on early childhood outcomes. We leveraged data from UNICEF'S Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, a nationally representative international household survey that has collected cohort comparable information on children's early development in over 118 low- and middle-income countries since 1995. We focused on data from 216,052 3- to 4-year-olds (106,037 girls) from 28 countries that had undertaken at least two surveys from 2010 to 2018. We considered the impact of maternal education and household wealth (what mothers/caregivers have) on home learning activities and sending children to early childhood programs (what mothers/caregivers do), on early child development. Our results indicated that maternal education, household wealth, home learning activities, participation in early childhood education (ECE) and scores on the early childhood development index (ECDI) generally increased over time and were significantly related to each other. Multilevel structural equation modeling revealed the mechanism through which maternal education and household wealth were associated with child outcomes. More wealthy and more educated mothers were more likely to send their child to an ECE program, which was in turn, associated with a higher ECDI score. Caregiver-reported participation in ECE had a large effect on the ECDI score while maternal education had a small effect on it. In comparison the effects of the home learning environment were much smaller. Taken together, findings suggest that education and wealth (what parents have) influence what they do (providing opportunities for learning), which in turn influences early child development. Furthermore, exposure to ECE services was particularly important for children's development. We conclude by discussing the policy implications of our findings and providing suggestions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":47214,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"255-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.acdb.2021.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39187668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of naps in memory and executive functioning in early childhood.","authors":"Rebecca M C Spencer","doi":"10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.08.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While sleep, including naps, has been shown to benefit many cognitive functions in adults, understanding whether naps are beneficial in early childhood has important translational implications. Here we review recent studies which, collectively, suggest that naps indeed benefit cognition at this age. Specifically, declarative, motor, and emotional memory are better if a nap follows learning. Executive functions such as attention and emotion processing are likewise better following sleep. However, a better understanding of the mechanism supporting these benefits and the generalizability to other forms of learning and executive functions is necessary. It is important for future research to extend such findings, which may promote the use of naps to support early education, particularly for learning-impaired children.</p>","PeriodicalId":47214,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior","volume":"60 ","pages":"139-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.08.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25413621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep-related learning in Williams Syndrome and Down's Syndrome.","authors":"Dagmara Dimitriou,&nbsp;Elizabeth J Halstead","doi":"10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter addresses sleep research challenges for the study of neurodevelopmental disorders drawing upon two disorders such as Down Syndrome and Williams syndrome. General sleep problems are outlined here, however particular consideration is given to the syndrome-specific issues or challenges that may be crucial to advancing our understanding of sleep-related cognitive and behavioral issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":47214,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior","volume":"60 ","pages":"261-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.07.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25419421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep, cognition and executive functioning in young children with cerebral palsy.","authors":"Andrea F Duncan,&nbsp;Nathalie L Maitre","doi":"10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are at higher risk for sleep disturbances than their typically developing peers. In typically developing young children, lack of sufficient sleep results in deficits in cognition, behavior and executive functioning. Unfortunately, research on sleep in infancy rarely focuses on children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Studies of older children with CP demonstrate that roughly half of children with CP have a sleep disorder, though screening for sleep disorders in children with CP is not routinely performed. Given the high prevalence of sleep abnormalities in older children with CP and the resulting adverse effects on functioning, understanding sleep derangements and how they affect cognition and executive functioning in these children at earlier ages is critical. In this chapter, we present the state of the evidence for sleep characteristics, cognition and executive functions for infants and toddlers 0-3years old with CP.</p>","PeriodicalId":47214,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior","volume":"60 ","pages":"285-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.11.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25419422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intuitive sociology.","authors":"Kristin Shutts,&nbsp;Charles W Kalish","doi":"10.1016/bs.acdb.2021.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2021.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How do humans intuitively understand the structure of their society? How should psychologists study people's commonsense understanding of societal structure? The present chapter seeks to address both of these questions by describing the domain of \"intuitive sociology.\" Drawing primarily from empirical research focused on how young children represent and reason about social groups, we propose that intuitive sociology consists of three core phenomena: social types (the identification of relevant groups and their attributes); social value (the worth of different groups); and social norms (shared expectations for how groups ought to be). After articulating each component of intuitive sociology, we end the chapter by considering both the emergence of intuitive sociology in infancy as well as transitions from intuitive to reflective representations of sociology later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":47214,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"335-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.acdb.2021.05.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39187618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is social essentialism and how does it develop?","authors":"M. Rhodes, Kelsey Moty","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/v3qzy","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/v3qzy","url":null,"abstract":"Social essentialism consists of the commonly held belief that certain ways of categorizing people (e.g., gender and race) reflect meaningful, fundamental distinctions found in nature-that some kind of category \"essence\" (e.g., something in their blood or their DNA) explains why groups of people (such as boys and girls) are different from one another. Yet as common as they are, essentialist beliefs can give rise to adverse consequences, including stereotyping and social prejudice. In this chapter, we examine the development of social essentialism. To begin, we briefly address the evidence that these beliefs are the result of developmental processes that unfold beginning in early childhood (and not something innate that children are born with). Then, we consider the nature of those processes; specifically, how basic processes underlying conceptual development give rise to different components of essentialist beliefs. We then address how different essentialist beliefs might be integrated into a coherent essentialist view of a category, and finally into a coherent essentialist view of a domain.","PeriodicalId":47214,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43768073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development and consequences of moral essentialism.","authors":"Larisa Heiphetz","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/s6jy7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/s6jy7","url":null,"abstract":"Children report that many natural kinds, social groups, and psychological characteristics arise from an innate, internal \"essence\" that is rooted in biology and remains stable over time. These perceptions persist into adulthood, albeit often in weakened form. This chapter argues that in addition to the domains previously examined in the essentialism literature, children-and to some extent adults-also view moral characteristics in essentialist terms. This form of essentialism has important social consequences, including in the area of prosocial behavior and in the legal domain. The body of evidence reviewed here suggests that children's and adults' moral judgments depend not just on what people do but also on perceptions of who those people are, i.e., whether they are people of good or bad moral character.","PeriodicalId":47214,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior","volume":"59 1","pages":"165-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44216338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}