Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Using the independent monitoring for quality (IM4Q) program to examine employment in integrated settings in the community for people with IDD over time","authors":"J. Houseworth, Celia Feinstein, Sandra L Pettingell, J. Bershadsky, R. Tichá, J. Lemanowicz, Alicia Zhang","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230054","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Community-based employment is a key step for many adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), a group prone to high unemployment, poverty, and dependency. It is also important in order to avoid poverty and progress toward economically stable and independent lifestyles. Increases in community-based employment for individuals with IDD meet the expectation of the HCBS final rule as well as state-wide transition planning requirements and other compliance indicators. OBJECTIVE: The current study explores changes in employment over time before and after the final rule was issued and other initiatives (e.g., Employment First policy) were adopted. This method provides an important way to detect if the effort is impacting services users with IDD as intended. By comparing three waves of data from the state of Pennsylvania (2013, 2016, and 2019), we can gain insight into changes in employment rates over time among HCBS services users with IDD in light of policy initiatives. METHODS: We used three waves of IM4Q data to compare the growth in employment among 9,486 individual services users with IDD in the state of Pennsylvania. Repeated measures regression using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) was used to examine employment in an integrated setting in the community over time after controlling for age, support needs, residence type, and community type. RESULTS: Controlling for the effects of demographic and environmental characteristics, there was a significant increase in community-based employment among IDD service users in Pennsylvania between 2013 and 2019. Other variables were also associated with employment. CONCLUSION: This study was the first to our knowledge to consider changes in community-based employment across three waves of data for individuals with IDD. The data wave collection periods in Pennsylvania coincided with significant policy changes relevant to services users with IDD. These changes in policy may be effective and warrant both continued exploration of its effect and ways to maximize policy to further integrate adults with IDD into the community.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-employment transition and vocational rehabilitation services: Experiences in response to Vermont’s work-based learning program","authors":"Todd Honeycutt, Marlena Luhr, Emily Harrison, P. Sevak","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230055","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: State vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies offer pre-employment transition services (pre-ETS) and other VR services to high school students, but the literature has not documented differences in pre-ETS use by individual characteristics or across individual services. OBJECTIVE: We describe variation in how high school students used services from the Vermont VR agency and how a demonstration program emphasizing work-based learning experiences affected that use. METHOD: The study uses a descriptive approach to explore patterns in youth’s pre-ETS and VR services and outcomes two years after enrolling in a demonstration program. It compares youth with access to demonstration services (the treatment group) to those using usual services (the control group). RESULTS: Among all control group youth, more than half only used pre-ETS during a 24-month period, while about one-quarter used VR services and the remainder used no services from the VR agency. In contrast, nearly all treatment group youth used some VR services, with a majority (59 percent) using both VR services and pre-ETS. Control group youth who used pre-ETS and VR services differed from those who did not use these services by gender, disability type, employment, and service receipt characteristics; treatment group youth had fewer such differences. Earnings outcomes did not vary in consistent or interpretable ways. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate how an intervention designed to promote work-based learning experiences increased pre-ETS and VR use and decreased subgroup differences in service utilization. VR administrators might consider collecting information on potentially eligible students to increase access to and use of services.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139239908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism and neurodiversity in the workplace: A scoping review of key trends, employer roles, interventions and supports","authors":"Benjamin Wen, H. Rensburg, Shirley O’Neill, Tony Attwood","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230060","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Autistic adults continue to experience high rates of unemployment and underemployment. OBJECTIVE: A scoping review was undertaken to: a) synthesise key findings in the literature regarding autism and employment from the employers’ perspective; b) examine trends in employer attitudes, theoretical frameworks and interventions; c) highlight gaps in the literature; and d) propose avenues for further research. METHODS: Literature published between January 1, 2009 and January 1, 2023 was examined using the following databases: CINAHL via Ebsco, Cochrane Library, EMBASE via Ovid SP, ERIC via Ebsco, Medline, PsycINFO via Ebsco, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest for dissertations and theses. RESULTS: The search identified 55 studies that met inclusion criteria. Selected articles were organised into the following themes: theoretical frameworks from the employer perspective, autism employment supports from the employer perspective and employer-specific interventions. CONCLUSION: This scoping review suggests that minimal research has been conducted on employer interventions that specifically target work environmental factors. The promotion of diversity in the workplace is an encouraging trend but this has not necessarily included the promotion of neurodiversity. Future research should include interventions to improve current and prospective employer knowledge and attitudes in not just hiring but supporting autistic persons in the workplace.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Providing technical assistance to inclusive postsecondary education programs on paid employment experiences of college students with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A case study","authors":"S. McKelvey, Aliza Lambert, Jaclyn Camden, Elizabeth E. Getzel, Spenser Norris","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230056","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Students with intellectual and developmental disabilities lag behind their peers without disabilities when it comes to participation in college and employment. In response to this, researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) created an online, six-week course for staff who work with students with disabilities in inclusive postsecondary education (IPSE) programs. OBJECTIVE: To create a course and technical assistance (TA) based on implementing supported employment strategies through VCU’s ACE-IT in College model, using evidence-based employment practices. The course and TA were developed to increase the skills of IPSE program staff, as well as increase the number of paid internship opportunities for the students in their programs. METHODS: VCU staff offered a six-week training program, followed by yearlong technical assistance to college and university staff who implement inclusive postsecondary education programs. The researchers conducted a case study of one program and followed them through the course and their TA activities. Data examined were: facilitated discussion board responses, needs assessment results, meeting notes and case study notes, as well as goals and strategies they developed. RESULTS: Results indicate a need for more staff and funding, as well as university buy-in. Fidelity of implementation allowed researchers to make slight adjustments for future TA participants. CONCLUSION: One participating program emerged as a case study site, and results indicate a need for more staff and funding. Detailed descriptions and technical assistant support strategies are provided, as well as implications for further research.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"357 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139239961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governmental support measures to maintain the working capacity of people with multiple sclerosis","authors":"Mona-Elisa Eberharter, Harald Stummer","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230053","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammation of the central nervous system that can result in cognitive and physical deficits. It can lead to early retirement in 50% of the cases in the first 15 years of the disease without governmental support and to date there are only few studies which focus on the measures to support people with MS at the workplace. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyse the governmental support measures to maintain the working capacity of people with MS and to provide improvement and further approaches for their support. METHODS: A two-stage study was conducted by means of qualitative interviews. The first study was conducted using the problem-centred form with 10 experts from the health and social care sector who work with people affected by MS. The second study was conducted using qualitative interviews in biographical form with 20 people suffering from MS. RESULTS: The study participants mentioned various suggestions for improving the existing governmental support measures, such as a central support office for illness related questions, relaxing the strict requirements for support measures, giving the regulation of support measures to federal government, changing the pension system and financial support for individual therapies and outpatient therapies. Currently, MS patients lack knowledge about contact persons for MS-specific questions, as well as intensive cooperation between labour market service, health service providers and companies to help finding a job. CONCLUSION: A combination of the governmental support measures available so far with the proposed optimisations or additions by MS patients and experts can lead to a significant reduction in disease-specific absences and limitations, which in turn results in the preservation of the ability to work. All suggestions from the interviews need to be explored further to investigate a possible implementation.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary vocational rehabilitation strategies for people with advanced cancer: A literature review and conceptual framework","authors":"Hannah E. Fry, P. Rumrill","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230052","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: People with advanced cancer constitute an emerging vocational rehabilitation (VR) consumer population. OBJECTIVE: Following an overview of the nature and needs of Americans who have advanced forms of cancer, the authors present strategies to meet the service and support needs of these individuals across the phases of the VR process. METHODS: The authors present the sequential stages of the VR process, including implications for working with advanced cancer survivors during each stage. RESULTS: The importance of individualized case planning, employer consultation, workplace accommodations, interface with medical and mental health professionals, and adherence to self-care and symptom management regimens is emphasized throughout the article. CONCLUSION: Growing numbers of people worldwide are surviving advanced cancers for longer periods of time than ever before, which makes them an emerging disability population and rehabilitation clientele.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between self-esteem and employment in people with severe mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jiaxuan Deng, Lisa Sarraf, Adèle Hotte-Meunier, Geneviève Sauvé","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230045","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Results from past research on the association between work outcomes and self-esteem were inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review and quantify the correlation between employment variables and self-esteem in people with severe mental illness. METHOD: The first electronic database search was performed between November 5 and November 12, 2021. A second search update was completed in September 2023. Studies that reported a correlation between at least one employment-related variable and self-esteem were subsequently verified. Pooled effect sizes were calculated with random-effects models by aggregating Fisher’s Z-to-Pearson r transformed correlations. RESULTS: The database search generated 3,547 reports. Thirteen and seven reports were included in the qualitative review and the meta-analyses, respectively. Meta-analyses results based on data from 1,065 participants suggested a positive albeit small correlation between employment variables and self-esteem in people with severe mental illness (r = 0.26, p = .002 for global self-esteem; r = 0.21, p < 0.001 for total self-esteem). It was found through systematic review that greater confidence in personal capacity, more opportunities on novel activities, and positive affirmation from coworkers were some potential mechanisms underlying self-esteem improvement following work. CONCLUSION: Future research on employment in severe mental illness would benefit from including adapted self-esteem measures and can build on this work by examining the relationships between specific employment variables (e.g., job acquisition, job tenure) and self-esteem.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"College degree majors and associated earnings: Are there differences between people with visual impairments and the general population?","authors":"Michele C. McDonnall, Jennifer L. Cmar, Zhen S. McKnight","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230044","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: College graduates without visual impairments earn more than college graduates with visual impairments. Differences in degree majors obtained or differences in earnings associated with degree majors for the two groups might explain this discrepancy in earnings. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine (a) differences in degree major categories and (b) relationships between degree majors and earnings for college graduates with and without visual impairments. METHOD: We obtained data for college-educated, working-age adults from the American Community Survey. We utilized descriptive statistics to compare degree major categories by visual impairment and multiple regression to evaluate predictors of annual earnings for college graduates who worked full-time/full-year. RESULTS: Small differences in degree majors obtained were found between college graduates with and without visual impairments. Significant predictors of earnings included 23 out of 25 degree majors and several other demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Effects of three majors and several other variables differed for people with visual impairments. CONCLUSION: People with visual impairments were slightly more likely to hold degrees with lower-paying majors and less likely to hold degrees with two higher-paying majors. Regardless of degree major, college graduates with visual impairments had substantially lower average earnings than the general population.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139340356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Determinants of wages among disabled Americans in Non-STEM and STEM occupations","authors":"Omar S. López","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230046","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: More than 1 in 4 adult Americans have a disability limiting their daily functioning to earn living wages. Meanwhile, the shortage of U.S. professionals in STEM fields persists because of underrepresentation of specific groups, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and people with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The study investigates the determinants of wages among Americans with disabilities in non-STEM and STEM occupations to explore the feasibility of broadening their participation in STEM careers where they may earn higher wages and thereby, close the wage-gap with their non-disabled peers. METHODS: The study used a research design based on Mincer’s earnings regression model to analyze select variables as wage determinants based on data from the 2018 American Community Survey (ACS). RESULTS: While the findings suggest that within the Americans with disabilities group, working in a STEM occupation with a college degree in a STEM field was the best route to attain maximum wages, significant wage disparities exist compared to Americans without disabilities. CONCLUSION: Implications of the findings for Vocational Rehabilitation providers are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employment outcomes and support needs of Michigan Project SEARCH graduates with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A mixed-method study","authors":"Connie Sung, Marisa H. Fisher, Christiana Okyere, Jiyoon Park, Heerak Choi","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230042","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Project SEARCH is a one-year school-to-work transition program that prepares students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) for competitive employment. OBJECTIVE: The current study used a mixed-method explanatory design to examine Project SEARCH graduates’ overall experience of transitioning from Project SEARCH to employment, their long-term employment outcomes, and their support needs during and after the program. METHOD: Parents of 31 Project SEARCH graduates completed an online survey regarding the graduates’ outcomes and 9 parents agreed to participate in a follow-up interview. RESULTS: Respondents reported positive employment outcomes for 24 of the Project SEARCH graduates (77.4% employed after Project SEARCH), primarily in the customer service industry. CONCLUSION: The graduates were satisfied with their employment but also experienced difficulties and a need for additional employment preparation and support after Project SEARCH.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139340413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}