East European Politics and Societies最新文献_第8页

The Last Mass Execution of World War II: The Roundup Carried Out by Soviet Troops in the Augustów Forest in July 1945 第二次世界大战的最后一次大规模处决：1945年7月苏联军队在奥古斯托森林进行的围捕

IF 0.7 4区社会学

East European Politics and Societies Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/08883254221093642

Łukasz Adamski, G. Motyka

{"title":"The Last Mass Execution of World War II: The Roundup Carried Out by Soviet Troops in the Augustów Forest in July 1945","authors":"Łukasz Adamski, G. Motyka","doi":"10.1177/08883254221093642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221093642","url":null,"abstract":"The USSR placed great emphasis on fighting national resistance movements, due both to the Soviet leadership’s intention to ensure security to the rear of the invading Red Army and to the threat these movements posed to the prospect of Sovietization of the seized areas. Documents revealed in recent years in Russia indicate that in summer 1945, despite the end of World War II in Europe, Poland and Lithuania saw a series of dragnet operations targeting guerrilla fighters. According to the authors, these operations were connected with the fact that the Soviet leadership had seriously considered the hypothetical failure of the Potsdam Conference and the outbreak of World War III. The roundup carried out by the Soviet 50th Army in the Augustów Forest was the bloodiest of these dragnet operations. During the roundup, more than seven thousand individuals were detained, including at least around six hundred who were subsequently shot dead by SMERSH, which viewed them as hostile elements. Death sentences were pronounced without trial, on the basis of an administrative decision issued by Soviet bodies. In the authors’ view, this was the last mass execution of World War II. Despite censorship having been imposed, the memory of this crime remained vivid among the residents of this region throughout the entire period of the communist rule in Poland.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"37 1","pages":"455 - 472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42433024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Premarital Sex in State-Socialist Poland: A Generational Perspective 波兰社会主义国家的婚前性行为：一个代际视角

IF 0.7 4区社会学

East European Politics and Societies Pub Date : 2022-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/08883254221093644

Natalia Jarska, Agata Ignaciuk

{"title":"Premarital Sex in State-Socialist Poland: A Generational Perspective","authors":"Natalia Jarska, Agata Ignaciuk","doi":"10.1177/08883254221093644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221093644","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we examine personal narratives on premarital sex by two generations of Polish men and women—one born in the 1950s and 1960s, and their parents’ generation, born in the 1920s and 1930s and coming of age during or after World War II—and place these in dialogue with discourses surrounding young sexuality in state-socialist Poland. Using sociological surveys, popular sexological literature, and Catholic marriage preparation material, we contextualize accounts of premarital heterosexual experiences, provided through oral history interviews and contest memoirs—ego documents submitted for autobiographic writing competitions in the 1960s and 1970s. We show there was no clear division between public secular and Catholic approaches to premarital (hetero)sexuality, with both opposing sexual experimentation before and beyond marriage throughout the state-socialist period (1945–1989). However, across the same period, young people’s acceptance of premarital sexual experimentation increased and the importance of a woman remaining a virgin until marriage declined. Our analysis of discourses and experiences reveals the connections and intersections of secular and Catholic realms. While secular experts did not conceptualize premarital sex as a sin, they often mirrored Catholic views by framing their discourse in terms of love, sex, responsibility, and potential risk. Young people negotiated various elements of these teachings in their premarital sexual practices, which, during the final decades of state socialism, were largely normalized, especially when couples were planning to marry.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"37 1","pages":"656 - 677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41991194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Proposing Anti-LGBTQIAP Resolutions at the Municipal Level in Poland: Meeting the Social Demand or Making Use of the Available Resources? 在波兰市级提出反LGBTQIAP决议：满足社会需求还是利用可用资源？

IF 0.7 4区社会学

East European Politics and Societies Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1177/08883254221082133

W. Rafałowski

{"title":"Proposing Anti-LGBTQIAP Resolutions at the Municipal Level in Poland: Meeting the Social Demand or Making Use of the Available Resources?","authors":"W. Rafałowski","doi":"10.1177/08883254221082133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221082133","url":null,"abstract":"During the eight months preceding the 2019 parliamentary election in Poland, resolutions aimed against the LGBTQIAP minority were adopted by over 60 out of 2,477 municipalities. They were proposed by a local right-wing organization called Ordo Iuris. Based on the prerequisites from the political opportunity structure approach, I test two sets of explanations as to why certain municipalities were targeted by the organization, while others were not. One set of hypotheses is associated with social demand; municipalities chosen by Ordo Iuris are expected to be more religious and supportive of the political right. The other approach assumes that the activity of the organization was determined by the resources available in the community, such as high percentage of members of the local council representing the right-wing Law and Justice party, electoral turnout, membership in religious organizations, and population density. The empirical analysis confirms the significance of resources and disproves the argument associated with social demand. The study has implications for understanding how the social movements of the radical right gain political influence in Eastern European countries. It shows that they do not serve a particular demand from the society for the worldview they represent, but they rather rely on the aid from political elites and the resources provided by them and the community to promote their agenda where they can.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"37 1","pages":"627 - 655"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48454688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Incumbency Advantage during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Examining the 2020 Polish Presidential Election COVID-19大流行期间的在位优势:考察2020年波兰总统选举

IF 0.7 4区社会学

East European Politics and Societies Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.1177/08883254221085307

Dawid Tatarczyk, W. Wojtasik

引用次数: 1

Preferences for Redistribution, Welfare Chauvinism, and Radical Right Party Support in Central and Eastern Europe 中欧和东欧对再分配、福利主义和激进右翼政党支持的偏好

IF 0.7 4区社会学

East European Politics and Societies Pub Date : 2022-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/08883254221079797

Lee Savage

{"title":"Preferences for Redistribution, Welfare Chauvinism, and Radical Right Party Support in Central and Eastern Europe","authors":"Lee Savage","doi":"10.1177/08883254221079797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221079797","url":null,"abstract":"Why do supporters of radical right parties in Central and Eastern Europe hold economically left-wing policy preferences? In this article, the author argues that this can be explained by welfare chauvinism. First, in ethnically heterogeneous societies, minority groups provide a plausible scapegoat for the grievances emphasized by radical right parties. Therefore, the majority population is sensitive to shifts in the status quo which accrue from policy changes that give minorities greater benefits. Support for redistribution will therefore be lower in more ethnically diverse countries. The salience of shifts in the ethnic group hierarchy also means that objective economic insecurity is less likely to intersect with redistributive preferences. Second, radical right supporters will prefer welfare policies that restrict eligibility to the majority population. This allows radical right parties to combine leftist economic policies with more authoritarian values. The empirical results confirm these expectations. This research contributes to our understanding of the attitudinal bases of radical right party support in Central and Eastern Europe.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"37 1","pages":"584 - 607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46800084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Unsettling Borderlands: The Population Exchange and the Polish Minority in Soviet Belarus, 1944–1947 不安的边疆:人口交换和苏联白俄罗斯的波兰少数民族，1944-1947

IF 0.7 4区社会学

East European Politics and Societies Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1177/08883254221079799

Dmitry Halavach

{"title":"Unsettling Borderlands: The Population Exchange and the Polish Minority in Soviet Belarus, 1944–1947","authors":"Dmitry Halavach","doi":"10.1177/08883254221079799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221079799","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the Soviet nationality policy in Belarus in 1944–1947 during the population exchange between the Soviet Union and Poland. Unlike in Lithuania and Ukraine, the authorities in Belarus prioritized keeping the labor force over national homogenization, determined nationality by territory of birth, and attempted to keep the people by designating them as Belarusians irrespective of their self-identification. The article argues that in Belarus, the population transfer was a combination of an exodus of refugees with the expulsion of Poles by the state. Although the declarations about the voluntary character of the resettlement were false, the direction of the compulsion varied, and this ambivalence opened up a space of limited autonomy in which the people could exercise agency. The Soviet ethnic cleansing remained incomplete in Soviet Belarus because of the competing urge to keep the labor force. Paradoxically, much of the demographic de-Polonization of new western territories of Soviet Belarus was achieved without the state’s commitment to ethnic cleansing and without the involvement of Belarusian nationalism.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"37 1","pages":"473 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46952477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

How Do Political Parties Capture New Democracies? Hungary and North Macedonia in Comparison 政党如何夺取新的民主政体？匈牙利与北马其顿的比较

IF 0.7 4区社会学

East European Politics and Societies Pub Date : 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.1177/08883254221075841

K. Auerbach, Jennifer Kartner

引用次数: 0

Luddites of the Twenty-First Century? The Influence of Trade Unions in Hard Coal Mining on Sector Reforms in Poland and the Czech Republic 21世纪的勒德分子?波兰和捷克共和国硬煤开采工会对部门改革的影响

IF 0.7 4区社会学

East European Politics and Societies Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1177/08883254211070853

T. Kubín

{"title":"Luddites of the Twenty-First Century? The Influence of Trade Unions in Hard Coal Mining on Sector Reforms in Poland and the Czech Republic","authors":"T. Kubín","doi":"10.1177/08883254211070853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254211070853","url":null,"abstract":"There are only two European Union (EU) states where hard coal is still mined: Poland and the Czech Republic. One of the key interest groups in the hard coal mining industry are trade unions. They are particularly strong in this sector, almost entirely controlled by the state, in Poland—without their approval, it is in fact impossible to implement any significant reforms. The main goal of the article is to explain the influence of trade unions operating in the hard coal mining sector in Poland and the Czech Republic on the results of the reforms of this sector carried out in 2015–2019. The framework for empirical analysis is the theoretical output on interest groups and the power resources approach. Measuring the influence of an interest group on the decision-making process is one of the greatest challenges in research on interest groups. However, the empirical analysis allows us to conclude that the purposes of mining trade unions both in Poland and in the Czech Republic were consistent, that the shape of the reforms introduced in 2015–2019 was convergent with these goals, and that the activity of trade unions had a very big impact on these reforms. However, in the long run, hard coal mining in Europe is in decline and trade unions are only trying to stop what is inevitable.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"37 1","pages":"718 - 739"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47041632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Gaze of the Implicated Subject: Non-Jewish Testimony to Communal Violence during the German Occupation of Lithuania 被牵连主体的凝视:德国占领立陶宛期间非犹太人对社区暴力的证词

IF 0.7 4区社会学

East European Politics and Societies Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1177/08883254211070852

Violeta Davoliūtė

{"title":"The Gaze of the Implicated Subject: Non-Jewish Testimony to Communal Violence during the German Occupation of Lithuania","authors":"Violeta Davoliūtė","doi":"10.1177/08883254211070852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254211070852","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of communal violence against Jews catalysed by the German invasion of the USSR was long neglected by scholarship due to biases against eyewitness testimony and the opacity of local events to outside observers. A growing number of studies on the topic have recently emerged, drawing from the eyewitness testimonies of Jewish survivors and previously inaccessible Soviet archives. This article analyses the lesser-known audio-visual recordings of interviews with non-Jewish witnesses to communal violence in provincial towns and villages of Lithuania. Collected decades after the events, they relate the same cruelty and destruction as recalled by Jewish survivors. As insider accounts from the local, non-Jewish community, they disclose manifold and divergent subject positions in the face of extreme violence. Marked by a forensic mode of discourse that accentuates individual agency and responsibility, they diverge from the prevailing apologetics of national narratives of the period. Instead, they reflect an immediacy of apprehension rooted in the intimate topographical setting of rural Lithuania under German occupation, a local memory not yet assimilated to national narratives of heroism and suffering. Finally, they express the memory of mutual surveillance, intimidation, and coercion that would endure for decades after the end of the war in these locales.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"37 1","pages":"493 - 511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45331563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Party Views on Democratic Backsliding and Differentiated Integration 政党对民主倒退和差异化整合的看法

IF 0.7 4区社会学

East European Politics and Societies Pub Date : 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.1177/08883254221096168

R. Bellamy, S. Kröger, M. Lorimer

引用次数: 0