Journal of Eastern African Studies最新文献

Making the Maasai: revisiting the history of Rift Valley Maa-speakers c.1800–c.1930 马赛族的形成：重温 1800 年至 1930 年裂谷马阿语族的历史

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2023.2280932

Richard Waller

引用次数: 0

Western Sudanese marginalization, coups in Khartoum and the structural legacies of colonial military divide and rule, 1924-present 西部苏丹边缘化，喀土穆政变和殖民军事分而治之的结构性遗产，1924年至今

3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2023.2280933

Willow Berridge

{"title":"Western Sudanese marginalization, coups in Khartoum and the structural legacies of colonial military divide and rule, 1924-present","authors":"Willow Berridge","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2023.2280933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2023.2280933","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the long-term history underpinning the tension between the “national” army and provincial “militias” that led to the outbreak of conflict in Sudan in April 2023. Sudan’s British colonizers created the distinction between what would later become a professional military in the northern region of the country, and what were deemed as “tribal”, irregular and ethnically defined forces elsewhere. The aspiring revolutionaries of the post-independence era hoped they could use the military as a short-cut to social change and modernization that would sweep away the neo-tribal system of “Native Administration” imposed by the British, but by aligning themselves to an unreformed colonial army and economic system, found that they forced violent reactions in marginalized regions. The reactions included Western Sudanese involvement in attempts to change the regime in Khartoum by force in 1971, 1975, 1976, and 2008, which this paper documents. These crises exposed the broader tensions within Sudanese nationalism, based as it was on the ideal of synergy between military and people. The paper draws on a wide range of Arabic and English sources, including newspapers and archival content.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"54 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wealth and poverty in mining Africa: migration, settlement and occupational change in Tanzania during the global mineral boom, 2002–2012 非洲采矿业的财富与贫困:2002-2012年全球矿业繁荣期间坦桑尼亚的移民、定居和职业变化

3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2023.2265726

Deborah Fahy Bryceson, Jesper Bosse Jønsson, Michael Clarke Shand

{"title":"Wealth and poverty in mining Africa: migration, settlement and occupational change in Tanzania during the global mineral boom, 2002–2012","authors":"Deborah Fahy Bryceson, Jesper Bosse Jønsson, Michael Clarke Shand","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2023.2265726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2023.2265726","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article interrogates place, process and people’s quest for enhanced welfare during the 2002–2012 global mineral price boom in northwest Tanzania. Mass in-migration of miners, traders and service providers generated diversified residential settlements. Processes of occupational change and urbanization, catalyzed by acquisition of employment, land, housing and other possessions at six contrasting mining locations were compared from a geo-social perspective. Our surveyed gold and diamond mining sites represented different manifestations of the mining trajectory namely: (1) artisanal rushes, (2) mature artisanal and (3) industrial mining. The article investigates who benefitted locationally and who lost in residents’ scrambles to gain improved living standards. Survey data on 216 household heads’ occupations, educational backgrounds, consumption and investments were collected, followed by construction of a household welfare index, revealing modest welfare improvements relative to rural consumption norms for the majority of interviewed resident households. However, in line with Picketty’s theoretical insights, extreme material inequality surfaced on the welfare spectrum between the outlier affluent and poor quintile groups. Those with higher educational attainment enjoyed superior welfare and occupational status, coalescing towards middle class formation. At the opposite end, single female-headed households stood out as extremely disadvantaged, handicapped by high child dependency ratios and occupational immobility.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"449 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Little Dubai” in the crossfire: trade corridor dynamics and ethno-territorial conflict in the Kenyan–Ethiopian border town Moyale 交火中的 "小迪拜"：肯尼亚-埃塞俄比亚边境小镇莫亚莱的贸易走廊动态和民族-领土冲突

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2023.2265042

Katrin Sowa

{"title":"“Little Dubai” in the crossfire: trade corridor dynamics and ethno-territorial conflict in the Kenyan–Ethiopian border town Moyale","authors":"Katrin Sowa","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2023.2265042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2023.2265042","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Against the promise that new trade corridors in Africa lead to political stability and state control, this article presents a contradictory case. In the context of the implementation of the LAPSSET corridor, Moyale at the Kenyan–Ethiopian border has been undergoing a transformation. The formerly marginalized border town is today envisioned as a major trade hub for the region. However, this development has been recurrently disturbed not only by trade barriers and import regulations but also by violent clashes between local communities. Moyale’s history, economic rivalries, and an intra-federal boundary dispute make the new corridor a specifically dangerous setting for the local population, while alternative smuggle routes are perceived as more reliable and secure. The text provides insights into ethnographic research in a particular violent surrounding. Qualitative interviews and participant observations were conducted with locals and border officials in Moyale during clashes between the Borana and Garre communities in 2018. The article aims to understand trade and security strategies on the ground, which are far from being controlled by state monopoly.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"424 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmental risk management from below: living with landslides in Bududa, eastern Uganda 自下而上的环境风险管理：在乌干达东部布杜达与山体滑坡为伴

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2023.2268361

P. Khanakwa

引用次数: 0

The politics of being Murle in South Sudan: state violence, displacement and the narrativisation of identity 南苏丹穆尔勒人的政治：国家暴力、流离失所和身份叙事化

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2023.2259547

Diana Felix da Costa

{"title":"The politics of being Murle in South Sudan: state violence, displacement and the narrativisation of identity","authors":"Diana Felix da Costa","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2023.2259547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2023.2259547","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article offers a nuanced account of how identities are negotiated and contested in South Sudan, by focusing on how Murle and ŋalam identities were deployed in different ways in different places in overlapping periods during a time of armed conflict. As such, it explores the interplay between political violence and the instrumental deployment of ethnicity. Focusing on the 2012–2014 period of war between South Sudan's government and a largely Murle rebellion, it unpacks the longstanding Murle stereotyping as ‘fierce and hostile’ – an image fostered by the interlocution of more powerful neighbours in the colonial encounters and sustained by their dominance in subsequent governance structures. The article specifically discusses how Murle agricultural communities from Boma found protection strategies by activating temporary sub-ethnic identities and navigating the violence of being Murle. This challenges the “naturalised” linkages between modes of subsistence or ecology, and identity, and demonstrates how spatial movements affect the instrumental narrativisation of ethnic identities. The article argues for the continual interplay of ethnicity in relation to the state and its strategies and opportunities. Identity-making and identity-politics are dialctical processes – deployed by the state as much as by those on the receiving end as a source of protection from violence.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"3 1","pages":"404 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A non-event: ratifying the African Women’s Rights framework in Ethiopia 非事件：埃塞俄比亚批准非洲妇女权利框架

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2023.2268363

Karmen Tornius

{"title":"A non-event: ratifying the African Women’s Rights framework in Ethiopia","authors":"Karmen Tornius","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2023.2268363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2023.2268363","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ethiopia, the host of the African Union, did not ratify the African Women’s Rights framework (the Maputo Protocol) for fifteen years. While realist, liberal and constructivist scholars have theorised why countries ratify human rights treaties, this article adds to this debate by asking ‘why not?’. Based on interviews, archival material, document analysis and fieldwork in Addis Ababa, the article explores the dominant explanations for adopting human rights treaties, such as donor pressure, legitimacy, openness of a political system and normative alignment. By analysing the Ethiopian government’s decision not to ratify the Maputo Protocol on numerous occasions before finally ratifying it quietly and with a long list of reservations, the article argues that countries may adopt regional human rights treaties for different reasons than the global ones. By tracing this ‘non-event’ from the early attempts to adopt the Maputo Protocol until its ratification in 2018, the article provides an in-depth analysis of the recent history of women’s rights in Ethiopia’s complex national context, including the rise of women’s movements, closing civil space, growing authoritarianism, anti-rights rhetoric, and a government crisis that paved way for reform.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"466 - 488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ascendant recentralisation: the politics of urban governance and institutional configurations in Nairobi 权力下放：内罗毕的城市治理政治和机构配置

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2023.2268364

Smith Ouma

{"title":"Ascendant recentralisation: the politics of urban governance and institutional configurations in Nairobi","authors":"Smith Ouma","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2023.2268364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2023.2268364","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper draws from two experiences with decentralisation in Kenya to illustrate the different ways through which the central government has sought to bolster its power at the expense of the local government in the country’s capital, Nairobi during periods of vertically-unified authority. In the first instance, it examines the years between 1983 and 1992 during which the central government appointed a Commission to replace the elected Nairobi City Council. The second period that is examined is between 2017 and 2022 when certain devolved functions were transferred from the elected Nairobi City County Government to a newly established institution appointed by the President, the Nairobi Metropolitan Service. During both periods authority was vertically unified with the ruling parties also being in control of the city. Drawing on a series of interviews with various stakeholders and inhabitants of informal settlements, the paper argues that contrary to what much literature suggests, recentralisation of urban governance not only occurs in situations of vertically-divided authority but can also occur where authority is unified. Some of the conditions that enabled these power consolidation moves together with the outcomes that these generated are also examined.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"363 - 383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Military decolonisation and Africanisation: the first African officers in the Kenyan army, 1957–1964 军事非殖民化和非洲化：1957-1964 年肯尼亚军队中的首批非洲军官

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2023.2257897

Poppy Cullen

{"title":"Military decolonisation and Africanisation: the first African officers in the Kenyan army, 1957–1964","authors":"Poppy Cullen","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2023.2257897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2023.2257897","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT On 15 July 1961, the first eight African officers were commissioned into the King’s African Rifles in Kenya. This was very late to begin Africanising the colonial military force. The colonial army, even more than other institutions, was neither anticipating nor preparing for independence until it was imminent. Then, Africanisation was dramatically sped up to try and match political progress. This article explores how the first African officer corps was created in Kenya. Using lists of commissions published in The Kenya Gazette, it shows what types of people were commissioned, focusing on ethnicity, age, experience, training, education, and promotion. Three types of servicemen were commissioned: effendis, with years of colonial experience; non-commissioned officers, who were briefly trained in Britain and rapidly promoted; and direct-entry officers, better educated, younger, and trained in Britain. The article argues that the opportunities that military decolonisation and Africanisation offered to these varied groups of men had an impact which lasted for decades, as these first commissioned officers became and remained the leaders of Kenya’s military. Understanding the process of Africanisation therefore helps to explain the trajectory of Kenya’s military after independence.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"515 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mother Earth is for us all: the discontent of Oromo pottery-making women at land dispossession in Southwest Oromia, Ethiopia 地球母亲是我们大家的：埃塞俄比亚西南奥罗米亚奥罗莫制陶妇女对土地被剥夺的不满

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2023.2262116

B. Wayessa

{"title":"Mother Earth is for us all: the discontent of Oromo pottery-making women at land dispossession in Southwest Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"B. Wayessa","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2023.2262116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2023.2262116","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the effects of changes in land tenure on female potters in the southern highlands of Ethiopia. Communal land has historically played an important role in the livelihoods of pottery-making women, who rely on the non-agricultural use of this land. Data was gathered through interviews and observations, and the resulting evidence was organized and analyzed to address the research objectives and contextualize the findings within a broader empirical framework. Recent changes to Ethiopia’s communal land tenure system have disproportionally affected the socio-economy of the pottery-making women in comparison to their non-pottery-making counterparts by constraining their access to clay mining sites. Meanwhile, globalization and the free-market economy have facilitated the unrestricted import and distribution of plastic and metal objects, significantly reducing the need for pottery objects, and further impacting the potters’ livelihoods and social status. The fact that globalization and government changes to the communal land tenure system have disproportionally affected artisan women in Ethiopia resonates with the need for academia to pay more attention to intersectionality when studying gender bias, given that the situation has created an additional level of discrimination for socially marginalized women.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"105 1","pages":"445 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0