Journal of Eastern African Studies最新文献_第10页

Bureaucrats, investors and smallholders: contesting land rights and agro-commercialisation in the Southern agricultural growth corridor of Tanzania 官僚、投资者和小农户:在坦桑尼亚南部农业增长走廊争夺土地权利和农业商业化

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2020-03-21 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2020.1743093

E. Sulle

{"title":"Bureaucrats, investors and smallholders: contesting land rights and agro-commercialisation in the Southern agricultural growth corridor of Tanzania","authors":"E. Sulle","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2020.1743093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2020.1743093","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the triple crises of food, fuel and finance of 2007/8, investments in agricultural growth corridors have taken centre-stage in government, donor and private sector initiatives. This article examines the politics of the multi-billion dollar development of the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT). The corridor’s proponents aim to create an environment in which agribusiness will operate alongside smallholders to improve food security and environmental sustainability, while reducing rural poverty. Based on three case studies, comprising one of a small-scale dairy company and two large-scale sugar companies, all operating with smallholders, this paper interrogates the political dynamics that shape the implementation of SAGCOT on the ground; in particular, the multiple contestations among bureaucrats, investors and smallholders over access to land and other resources, and contending visions for agricultural commercialisation. Despite the widespread support it received from government, donors and investors, the paper argues that SAGCOT’s grand modernist vision of the corridor, centred on the promotion of large-scale estates, has unravelled through contestations and negotiations on the ground.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"332 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17531055.2020.1743093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41822968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

Agricultural corridors as ‘demonstration fields’: infrastructure, fairs and associations along the Beira and Nacala corridors of Mozambique 作为“示范田”的农业走廊：莫桑比克贝拉和纳卡拉走廊沿线的基础设施、博览会和协会

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2020-03-19 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2020.1743094

Euclides Gonçalves

{"title":"Agricultural corridors as ‘demonstration fields’: infrastructure, fairs and associations along the Beira and Nacala corridors of Mozambique","authors":"Euclides Gonçalves","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2020.1743094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2020.1743094","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the past decade, the Mozambican government has been mobilizing international capital to build and renovate transport infrastructure in the central and northern areas of the country, with the aim of creating agricultural corridors. Based on field research conducted in two districts along the Beira and Nacala corridors, I examine those occasions when international capital and national agricultural policy meet smallholders in the implementation of agricultural projects. This article offers a performative analysis of the constitution of agricultural corridors. I argue that agricultural corridors emerge on those occasions when international funders and investors, national elites, local bureaucrats and smallholders overstate the success of agricultural projects and constitute what I have termed ‘demonstration fields’. Regardless of the implementation of blueprints, agricultural corridors gain spatial and temporal materiality from the performance of presenting agricultural projects as successful, such as at the unveiling of agro-related infrastructure, at agricultural fairs and on occasions involving smallholders’ associations.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"354 - 374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17531055.2020.1743094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48239131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

‘Demonstration fields’, anticipation, and contestation: agrarian change and the political economy of development corridors in Eastern Africa “示范田”、预期和争论：东非发展走廊的土地变化和政治经济

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2020.1743067

N. Chome, Euclides Gonçalves, I. Scoones, E. Sulle

{"title":"‘Demonstration fields’, anticipation, and contestation: agrarian change and the political economy of development corridors in Eastern Africa","authors":"N. Chome, Euclides Gonçalves, I. Scoones, E. Sulle","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2020.1743067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2020.1743067","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In much of Eastern Africa, the last decade has seen a renewed interest in spatial development plans that link mineral exploitation, transport infrastructure and agricultural commercialisation. While these development corridors have yielded complex results – even in cases where significant investments are yet to happen – much of the existing analysis continues to focus on economic and implementation questions, where failures are attributed to inappropriate incentives or lack of ‘political will’. Taking a different – political economy – approach, this article examines what actually happens when corridors ‘hit the ground’, with a specific interest to the diverse agricultural commercialisation pathways that they induce. Specifically, the article introduces and analyses four corridors – LAPSSET in Kenya, Beira and Nacala in Mozambique, and SAGCOT in Tanzania – which are generating ‘demonstration fields’, economies of anticipation and fields of political contestations respectively, and as a result, creating – or promising to create – diverse pathways for agricultural commercialisation, accumulation and differentiation. In sum, the article shows how top-down grand-modernist plans are shaped by local dynamics, in a process that results in the transformation of corridors, from exclusivist ‘tunnel’ visions, to more networked corridors embedded in local economies, and shaped by the realities of rural Eastern Africa.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"291 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17531055.2020.1743067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49161378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

‘Sufurias cannot bring blessings’: change, continuity and resilience in the world of Marakwet pottery, a case from western Kenya “Sufurias不能带来祝福”：Marakwet陶器世界的变化、连续性和韧性，以肯尼亚西部为例

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2020-03-14 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2020.1740474

S. Derbyshire, H. Moore, Helena Cheptoo, M. Davies

{"title":"‘Sufurias cannot bring blessings’: change, continuity and resilience in the world of Marakwet pottery, a case from western Kenya","authors":"S. Derbyshire, H. Moore, Helena Cheptoo, M. Davies","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2020.1740474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2020.1740474","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drawing on fieldwork conducted over multiple seasons between 2012 and 2015, this paper explores aspects of the socio-economic and political history of the Marakwet of Kenya. It does so by focusing on a particular material culture category – pottery – and tracing transformations in its production, use and exchange over several generations from the early twentieth century to the present day. This approach serves to unearth a series of personal and quotidian narratives that not only comprise a unique account of Marakwet’s past, but also shed light on the material consequences of various ongoing processes of infrastructural and economic development. Complementing our previous work on Marakwet farming, landscape and ecological change, we here demonstrate the multiple ways in which change has been dynamically negotiated and enacted throughout the last century via various shifting daily practices. The historical innovations, adaptations and movements that we explore attest to a resilience deeply rooted in Marakwet society that continues to be articulated in the contemporary world.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"204 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17531055.2020.1740474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49482376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Contested practices of trade and taxation: (in)formalization and (il)legitimization in Eastleigh, Nairobi 有争议的贸易和税收做法:内罗毕伊斯特利的正规化和合法化

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2020-02-24 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2020.1728906

K. Varming

{"title":"Contested practices of trade and taxation: (in)formalization and (il)legitimization in Eastleigh, Nairobi","authors":"K. Varming","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2020.1728906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2020.1728906","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Taxation represents a claim to statehood and plays a vital role in processes of mutual recognition between subjects and the state. Debates on the benefits of taxing the informal economy have stressed the mutual benefits of entering into such formalized contracts of recognition. However, based on eight months of ethnographic fieldwork in Eastleigh, Nairobi, I will show how fixed categories of formality and legitimacy are inadequate for capturing the empirical realities of trade and taxation in Eastleigh and beyond. Rather we need to recognize how practices of trade, taxation and governance are continuously contested and move along continuums of (in)formalization and (il)legitimization. I argue that insights into these processes lead to a broader perspective on contracts of recognition, allowing us to (a) recognize practical contracts constituted within state institutions without adhering to formalized laws and regulations and (b) question the perception of fixed links between formality and legitimacy that implicitly underlie much of the dominant development discourse on taxing the informal economy.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"128 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17531055.2020.1728906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45483599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

‘They just move in with relatives’: translocal labour migrants and transient spaces in Naivasha, Kenya “他们只是搬到亲戚那里”:肯尼亚奈瓦沙的跨国劳工移民和临时空间

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2020-02-19 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2020.1730562

Gerda Kuiper

{"title":"‘They just move in with relatives’: translocal labour migrants and transient spaces in Naivasha, Kenya","authors":"Gerda Kuiper","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2020.1730562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2020.1730562","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the past four decades, the small town of Naivasha in Kenya has attracted tens of thousands of labour migrants. These migrants are looking for employment on one of the many flower farms located on the shores of Lake Naivasha. This article examines how the migrants, who mostly do not settle in Naivasha permanently, carve out space for themselves in the residential areas where they rent housing. These settlements were not planned for by the government or the flower industry, and are commonly interpreted as hopeless ‘slums’ that are the outcome of sheer neglect. In contrast, this article analyses the settlements as ‘transient spaces’: spaces that are particularly volatile, and that are shaped by the highly mobile practices of their residents. In dialogue with literature on East African urban and informal space, this article thus draws attention to the – partly translocal – agency of settlement residents in shaping their living environment. The article is based on fieldwork conducted between 2014 and 2016, which included a survey among settlement residents, archival research, and biographical interviews with migrant workers.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"227 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17531055.2020.1730562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42558466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Children of the revolution: the citizenship of urban Muslims in the Burundian decolonization process 革命的儿童：布隆迪非殖民化进程中城市穆斯林的公民身份

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2020-02-12 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2020.1728085

Geert Castryck

{"title":"Children of the revolution: the citizenship of urban Muslims in the Burundian decolonization process","authors":"Geert Castryck","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2020.1728085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2020.1728085","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Histories of decolonization in Africa tend to present a unidirectional process with the eventual independent states as the seemingly natural outcome, thus ignoring or distorting actions and actors with transnational or translocal agendas. In the case of Burundi, decolonization is presented either as national liberation or as a prelude to ethnic conflict within a national frame of reference. Both strands eclipse the initial exclusion of Burundian independence, which hit the Muslim or Swahili minority in Burundi’s urban centers. In this paper, I demonstrate how from 1955 onwards several Muslims in Burundian towns along Lake Tanganyika contributed significantly to the creation of a state from which they were eventually excluded. Thus, analogous to the French Revolution, the Burundian decolonization devoured its children. I continue explaining how political stances of some Muslim protagonists gradually diverged in light of the exclusionary politics of colonial authorities and Burundian nationalists. The omission of such local and translocal, national and transnational histories stands in the way of understanding – both of and in Burundi.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"185 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17531055.2020.1728085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47719769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Refugees in uniform: community policing as a technology of government in Kakuma refugee camp, Kenya 身着制服的难民：肯尼亚卡库马难民营的社区警务技术

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2020-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2020.1725318

Hanno Brankamp

{"title":"Refugees in uniform: community policing as a technology of government in Kakuma refugee camp, Kenya","authors":"Hanno Brankamp","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2020.1725318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2020.1725318","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Community policing has been a popular paradigm for local anti-crime activities in Africa since the 1990s and spread rapidly across the continent. Humanitarian agencies have increasingly embraced versions of the framework to administer refugee camps and ostensibly foster security, protection and peaceful co-existence among residents. This article demonstrates that the deployment of community policing in Kakuma camp in north-western Kenya has been far more contested. Aid organisations and Kenyan authorities have competed in determining the orientation and implementation of community policing at a time when the government was intensifying both securitisation of refugees and counter-terrorism measures. Kakuma‘s Community Peace and Protection Teams (CPPTs) were therefore torn between humanitarian conceptions of localised refugee protection and more illiberal forms of security work which bound them closer to the Kenyan state. The permanent negotiation between these parallel ‘technologies of government' was reflected in contestations over uniforms, trainings and everyday practices. Powerful institutions attempted to script refugee conduct and thus discipline the camp's pluralistic social networks and forms of counter-organisation embedded in a ‘deep community’. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, the article illustrates that governing refugees through community policing blurs the lines between humanitarian protection, domesticating local systems of governance, and expanding the security state.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"270 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17531055.2020.1725318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48383179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Forever vanguards of the revolution: the Uganda People’s Defence Forces’ liberation legacy, 30 years on 永远的革命先锋:乌干达人民国防军的解放遗产，30年过去了

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2020-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2020.1723281

Anne Reuss

引用次数: 1

Politics, prophets and armed mobilizations: competition and continuity over registers of authority in South Sudan’s conflicts 政治、先知和武装动员:南苏丹冲突中权力登记的竞争和连续性

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Journal of Eastern African Studies Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2019.1708545

N. Pendle

{"title":"Politics, prophets and armed mobilizations: competition and continuity over registers of authority in South Sudan’s conflicts","authors":"N. Pendle","doi":"10.1080/17531055.2019.1708545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2019.1708545","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Spiritual and divine authorities play a prominent role in mobilizing armed violence. This article provides a micro-history of a contemporary Nuer prophetess (guan kuoth) in South Sudan who mobilized hundreds of armed men including in support of current anti-government rebellions. The article grapples with apparent paradoxes in her approach to kume (a broadly defined notion of government) and customary law. This prophetess rejects logics of authority associated with the kume. At the same time, she champions the continuity of the language and imaginaries of customary authority that are deeply associated with government registers of authority in this context. The article argues that at the heart of the prophetess’s approach is her attempt to overturn historic government initiatives that separated the political and religious nature of institutions, and to assert that governance without government is possible. Previous attempts to govern without the divine have interrupted the customary law’s ability to offer healing including from the spiritual and physical dangers of killing. Her ability to mobilize people to arms is partly based on political claims to reconstitute the divine authority behind the customary law.","PeriodicalId":46968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"43 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17531055.2019.1708545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46320061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5