History Workshop Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Spectre of Abnormality: Deaf Education and the Poetics of Contestation at the Turn of the Twentieth Century","authors":"Sabine Arnaud","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbaa031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbaa031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 When, during the Revolution, the French government committed to supporting the education of Deaf people, they left it to teachers to determine the methods and contents of this education. Less than a century later, the Ministry of the Interior of the third Republic reformed the teaching in use in most institutions in the direction of methods of pure speech. This moment coincided with the development of new categories to classify children in relation to the educational project, especially ‘backward’ and ‘abnormal’ at the turn of the twentieth-century. While Deaf writers did not oppose the teaching of speech, they soon questioned the legitimacy of this reform, and exposed the threats it posed for the development of Deaf pupils. In addition to examining the stakes and the impacts of the political decision, this paper will analyze the development of a poetics of contestation throughout Deaf writing, as manifested in the adoption of a variety of rhetorical strategies, ranging from irony to critical analysis, in the rewriting of the category of abnormality. This article will show how these years of struggle were also years of emancipation, insofar as the acquisition of language became a poetical and political act.    ","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"106 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43197219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poxed and Ravished: Venereal Disease in Early Modern Rape Trials","authors":"Olivia Weisser","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbab002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbab002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Inspections of the body’s most intimate surfaces were crucial to rape cases in early modern England. Female medical experts evaluated bruises, lacerations, and stretched skin for evidence of a violation. Yet numerous courtroom investigations seemed to centre around the marks of venereal disease rather than sexual abuse. These cases reframed the focus of inquiry from rape to disease at nearly every step, from witnesses’ accounts of the discovery of rape to courtroom inspections of bodies and clothing. This article examines fifty-nine such cases and argues that placing the poxed body, as opposed to the ravished body, center stage made rape easier to communicate, convict, and condemn. More than a simple proxy for penetrative sex, venereal disease provided a detailed and morally loaded language for talking about otherwise unspeakable acts. And perhaps most importantly, the disease offered tangible, if contested, evidence of rape that could be touched, viewed, and evaluated by male – rather than female – medical experts. Venereal disease effectively refocused rape cases away from the kinds of words and bodily inspections that were viewed with suspicion and onto those that were deemed reliable.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"51 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46989583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Lion, the Children and the Bookcase","authors":"Margaret Reynolds","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbab001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbab001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 ‘The Lion, the Children and the Bookcase’, Margaret Reynolds C.S. Lewis’s The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Anne Frank’s diary, or The Diary of a Young Girl, were published in 1950 and 1947 respectively. Frank’s document is a testament to history. Lewis’s story is usually read as a fantasy or Christian allegory. But both books deal with the experience of racial hatred, betrayal, displacement, alienation, loss of identity and the damage inflicted on adults and on children. This article examines the connections, metaphorical and real, that link Frank’s statement of witness to Lewis’s reinterpretation of the effects of the 1939–45 war.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"132 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48391211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is Fascism and Where does it Come From?","authors":"G. Eley","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbab003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbab003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 How might histories of fascism in interwar Europe help us today? Languages of ‘fascism’ are now constantly in play – as warning and slogan; as emotional rallying-point; as rhetorics of recognition and abuse; as a boundary of legitimate politics – but rarely as carefully informed argument. For effective politics, we need historically grounded analysis that can avert tendentious and direct linkages that may be emotionally satisfying, but stop short of showing how fascism builds its appeal. What makes it seem a desirable ‘extra-systemic’ solution, as an alternative to the practices of democratic constitutionalism? What kind of crisis brings fascism onto the agenda?","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"1 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46478323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Britain's Brown Babies","authors":"Mary Chamberlain","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbab008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbab008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"262 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48874004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"And She Did","authors":"C. Steedman","doi":"10.1093/HWJ/DBAB005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HWJ/DBAB005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"234 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42602014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Runaway Slaves, Militant Abolitionists, and the Critique of American Prisons, 1830–60","authors":"Jesse Olsavsky","doi":"10.1093/HWJ/DBAA033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HWJ/DBAA033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay reveals the ways that runaways and abolitionists, through their critiques of American prisons in the decades prior to the American Civil War, collectively originated the ideas and practices of prison abolition. It began with fugitive slaves who named slavery the ‘prison house’. Runaways, and the most radical amongst abolitionists, many of whom served time for their activism, used fugitives’ carceral language to grasp the place of prisons within the greater ‘prison house’ of American slavery. They actively assisted others to escape this ‘prison house’. They engaged in projects of prison reform and abolition of capital punishment. They freed incarcerated runaways and abolitionists from jails, and resisted racist policing. In the process, these radicals became disenchanted with the modernizing reform project known as the ‘penitentiary’, in some cases calling for the abolition of prisons and police, alongside the abolition of slavery. In short, because the plantation and the penitentiary merged after the Civil War, abolitionist critiques of both provided the little-studied roots of contemporary prison-abolitionist thought.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"112 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/HWJ/DBAA033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48605574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Truth, Justice, and Expertise in 1980s Britain: The Cultural Politics of the New Cross Massacre","authors":"Aaron Andrews","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbab010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbab010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the movement, led by prominent black British activists, which was established in the aftermath of the 1981 New Cross fire. The campaign showed how the racism long experienced by black urban communities eroded trust in state institutions, and it contested the official narrative of the police investigation and a coroner’s inquest through protests and the deployment of alternative forms of expertise. This was not an isolated case. The 1980s was a decade of disasters which led people in marginalized communities to engage in long-running disputes with the state, eroding trust in the truths presented by he state.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"182 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42373694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Elusive History of the Pan-African Congress, 1919–27","authors":"Jake Hodder","doi":"10.1093/HWJ/DBAA032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HWJ/DBAA032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper considers the meetings of the interwar Pan-African Congress movement. It examines the Congress in the context of how conferencing became a dominant mode of international politics in the 1920s and the opportunities this offered to non-state actors. The Congress exemplified the hope which race reformers placed in the new international system established after the First World War, and in the League of Nations specifically. The paper considers three key conferencing elements in turn: delegates, venues, and resolutions. In each case, organizers mobilized the framework of conferencing to validate their political demands within this international system whilst, also in each case, their constrained circumstances required them to be strategically ambiguous with the facts of their meetings. As such, the paper encourages a broader methodological reflection on how historians approach seemingly unreliable historical sources. I argue that inconsistencies in reports of the Congress are themselves important historical artefacts of the political manoeuvres undertaken by race reformers. Foregrounding these strategies allows us to consider how political authority was circumscribed in the past, the resourcefulness of those on the political margins, and the promise and failure of international governance on the race question in the 1920s.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"113 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/HWJ/DBAA032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45849038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algiers, Mecca of Revolutions","authors":"C. Eldridge","doi":"10.1093/HWJ/DBAB006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HWJ/DBAB006","url":null,"abstract":"From November 1954 until July 1962, the National Liberation Front (FLN) fought, militarily and diplomatically, to free Algeria from French colonial control. The eventual victory of the FLN was heralded across the globe by other liberation and revolutionary movements, many of whose members then flocked to Algeria, and specifically to its capital city Algiers, hoping to benefit from political support and practical training that would enable them to obtain similar results in their own struggles. In addition to the challenges of building a new nation from the rubble of colonialism in the wake of an extremely violent and destructive war, presidents Ahmed Ben Bella (1962–5) and Houari Boumediene (1965–78) and their socialist regimes thus also had to navigate the expectations surrounding Algeria’s new-found status as the ‘Mecca of Revolutions’, to use anti-colonial activist Amilcar Cabral’s famous phrase. Employed for her language and communication skills first by the FLN and then by the post-independence Algerian government and multiple liberation movements who landed in Algiers, Elaine Mokhtefi was afforded a front row seat to all of the above. From this unique vantage point, her memoir provides personal insights and intimate anecdotes which reveal the human dynamics that animated and shaped some of the major geopolitical events and processes that defined these decades. The book opens in 1951, as twenty-three-year-old Mokhtefi (still Klein) boards a boat in Virginia headed for France, a country she had fallen in love with from afar. Once there, she soon abandons her studies in favour of increased involvement in political activism, continuing a path first embarked upon in the United States when she was a member of the Union of World Federalists. Her introduction to Algeria’s struggle for independence and her associated realization of the hollowness of the French motto ‘liberty, equality, fraternity’, comes after she witnesses the exclusion of Algerian labourers from the annual May Day parade in 1952. Drawn progressively into anti-colonial activism and into the orbit of FLN militants, including Frantz Fanon, she ends up working for the Algerian Office at the United","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"240 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/HWJ/DBAB006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42063504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}