{"title":"Do socially responsible firms demonstrate a preference for using classification shifting to manage earnings?","authors":"Curtis Farnsel, Kelly Ha","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Prior research finds socially responsible firms are less likely to engage in earnings management, suggesting that socially responsible firms seek to provide more transparent financial reports (Hong and Anderson 2011; Kim, Park, and Wier 2012; Hwang, Choi, Choi, and Lee 2022). We investigate whether managers of CSR firms demonstrate a preference for classification shifting when making trade-off decisions among earnings management methods. First, our results support prior studies that find the overall extent of earnings management is lower for CSR firms. However, this study focuses on the use of classification shifting </span><em>relative</em> to other forms of earnings management. We find a robust positive relation between CSR performance and the relative use of classification shifting. Our results suggest that while CSR firms engage in lower levels of earnings management they demonstrate a preference to choose classification shifting when engaging in earnings management. These findings are consistent with managers perceiving classification shifting as a less unethical tool relative to accruals earnings management or real activities manipulation. Subsequent analyses reveal that our results are most pronounced for firms with lower external monitoring where managers have the most freedom to make trade-off decisions among earnings management methods based on ethical considerations. Overall, by demonstrating a preference for classification shifting relative to other earnings management tools our study furthers our understanding of the role of ethical considerations in earnings management decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 100763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141401519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussion of “The interaction between incentive and opportunity in corporate tax planning: Evidence from financially constrained firms”","authors":"Stacie O. Kelley","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>The Interaction between Incentive and Opportunity in Corporate Tax Planning:Evidence from Financially Constrained Firms by Kaishu Wu (2024) examines the impact of </span>tax planning opportunities (TPO) on the relation between tax avoidance incentives and tax avoidance. TPO is the key construct in the manuscript. It is estimated as the difference between a firm's average five-year (t-5 to t-1) actual cash effective tax rate (CETR) and its predicted five-year CETR. The predicted CETR is based on firm characteristics research has shown affect cash effective tax rates, such as size, return on assets, market-to-book, research and development, </span>intangible assets, etc. The manuscript argues and provides evidence that the positive relation between tax avoidance incentives and tax avoidance, as shown in prior research, is significantly bigger for firms with larger TPOs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 100761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Debt covenant violations and corporate cost management","authors":"Yuqi Gu , Bo Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we examine whether and how debt covenant violations are related to corporate cost management, an important business operating decision. Our findings suggest that firms significantly reduce slack operating resources after debt covenant violations. Our cross-sectional tests indicate that this reduction in cost stickiness is more pronounced when creditor monitoring is stronger, and when empire building is more severe. Our evidence adds to the literature on determinants of corporate cost management and sheds new light on how creditors influence firm behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 100756"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140901188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The interaction between incentive and opportunity in corporate tax planning: Evidence from financially constrained firms","authors":"Kaishu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Prior studies document that incentive factors (i.e., equity compensation, shareholder activism, financial constraints, etc.) motivate managers to avoid more </span>taxes<span>, which suggests that managers overlook tax planning opportunities (TPOs) in the absence of incentives. In this study, I use a prediction model to capture TPOs and find that the positive association between financial constraints (my proxy for incentive) and tax avoidance is stronger for firms with higher levels of TPOs. My results are robust to a variety of identification strategies. To shed light on a possible source of tax uncertainty, I show moderate evidence that firms with lower levels of TPOs adopt risky tax planning strategies under financial constraints to increase tax avoidance. Overall, my study contributes to the literature by demonstrating corporate tax planning as an incentive-opportunity story and identifying an important cross-section in which the connection between incentive and tax avoidance is more prominent.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 100757"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adam Esplin , Yun Ke , Kari Joseph Olsen , Jiwoo Seo
{"title":"CEO political ideology and asymmetric cost behavior","authors":"Adam Esplin , Yun Ke , Kari Joseph Olsen , Jiwoo Seo","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine how CEO political ideology is associated with firms' resource adjustment decisions that give rise to asymmetric cost behavior, or “sticky costs.” Asymmetric cost behavior comes from resource adjustments firms make in response to sales increases and decreases. We argue that the conservative nature of Republican CEOs is manifest in them being more cautious and slower to react to sales declines. Furthermore, conservative individuals are more careful in making major life changes and are inclined towards maintaining the status quo. We provide empirical evidence that firms with Republican CEOs have more asymmetric costs than firms led by Democratic CEOs. We conduct several cross-sectional tests and find results suggesting greater cost asymmetry in firms with Republican CEOs when SG&A resources are more value enhancing. Our findings suggest that political ideology is a significant managerial characteristic associated with firms' cost behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 100755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kourosh Amirkhani , Jenny Brown , Jeffrey Gramlich
{"title":"The effect of corporate reputation on accounting conservatism","authors":"Kourosh Amirkhani , Jenny Brown , Jeffrey Gramlich","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of corporate reputation on accounting conservatism. We argue that firms with valuable reputations are likely to select conservative accounting practices as a form of insurance to protect their reputations. We document strong evidence that companies with high reputations—those included on <em>Fortune</em>'s “Most Admired Companies” list—employ more conservative accounting than firms not on the list. We also investigate a hand-collected sample of firms with product recalls. Accounting conservatism appears to offset the negative stock price effect of product recalls, and high-reputation firms appear to benefit substantially more from conservative accounting than control firms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139923096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arung Gihna Mayapada , Pallab Kumar Biswas, Helen Roberts
{"title":"Financial reporting timeliness and its determinants in UK charities","authors":"Arung Gihna Mayapada , Pallab Kumar Biswas, Helen Roberts","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study empirically examines the timeliness of financial reporting as an important qualitative characteristic of useful financial information within the context of United Kingdom (UK) charities. Using 8490 UK charitable companies (67,014 observations) during 2007–2018, we find that charities relying more on donation income take a shorter time to file accounts. Moreover, we observe that charities operating in more competitive donation markets are more inclined to provide timely financial disclosures. Similar to for-profit organizations, charities tend to delay their financial statements filings when reporting deficit, negative equity, low liquidity, and high leverage. In addition, our analysis shows that charities with higher accruals quality, unqualified audit opinions, and subject to audits by industry-specialized auditors publish their annual accounts earlier. Our findings have important implications for charities, donors as critical stakeholders, regulators, and scholars.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 100733"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S088261102400004X/pdfft?md5=85232e16b241abb464eb523ed836fbee&pid=1-s2.0-S088261102400004X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139733200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Managerial accounting practices, HR metrics, and firm performance","authors":"Rene Arseneault , Jacqueline Gagnon","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research explores how accounting and HR employees perceive the value of managerial accounting and HR practices in their organizations. Our study was restricted to participants employed in publicly listed organizations allowing us to explore how their perceptions equate with objectively measured firm performance. In total, 186 employees completed a series of measures exploring their perceptions of managerial accounting practices and the value of using HR as a measurement tool. Further, we regressed our accounting and HR measures on financial, non-financial, and market-based aspects of corporate performance. Our findings reveal that compared to accounting employees, HR employees place a higher value on using HR metrics and diagnostic styles of managerial accounting systems. Further, internal accounting and HR systems impact firm performance and corporate information environment. Our research has practical implications for strategic policy makers within publicly listed corporations that influence accounting and HR organizational cultures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0882611024000014/pdfft?md5=1de320d1bbf66b4114666b71b976115b&pid=1-s2.0-S0882611024000014-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139709566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The interactive effects of performance evaluation leniency and performance measurement precision on employee effort and performance","authors":"Yelin Li , Bernhard E. Reichert , Alex Woods","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research shows that in practice, supervisors without any constraints to their compensation setting behavior often tend to provide lenient performance evaluations to employees. Economic theory criticizes this outcome because leniency is thought to provide lower motivation to exert effort for low and medium as well as high performers. To provide incentives for employees to exert effort, economic theory calls for a distributed compensation approach that ensures employee performance differences lead to compensation differences. This call ignores insights from psychology and specifically from social determination theory (SDT). Using a real-effort experiment, we find that lenient evaluations lead to lower performance than distributed evaluations when performance is measured precisely. However, lenient evaluations lead to higher effort and performance than distributed evaluations when employee performance is measured imprecisely. We show, using a process model, that the positive effect of leniency for imprecise performance measurement on employee performance results from higher levels of task enjoyment, consistent with SDT. Our findings suggest that organizations need to consider the leniency of compensation as well as performance measurement precision jointly to achieve optimal employee effort and performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139647990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do analysts provide information about other comprehensive income in book value forecasts for financial firms?","authors":"Dirk Black , Thaddeus Neururer","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2023.100726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2023.100726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analysts' earnings forecasts exclude other comprehensive income (OCI). However, OCI affects firm value on a dollar-for-dollar basis and can enhance investors' assessments of the riskiness of firms' equity capital. Focusing on financial firms and using analysts' book value per share (BVPS) forecasts as a proxy for forward-looking information about OCI, we examine whether analysts provide information about future OCI via BVPS forecasts, whether investors respond to BVPS innovations (which should include OCI innovations), and whether such innovations are more useful to investors in financial firms with difficult-to-value financial assets. We find evidence consistent with: 1) Analysts' BVPS forecasts generally conveying at least some information about future OCI; and, 2) The market responding to whether firms miss analysts' consensus BVPS expectations (which should include OCI expectations), with stronger evidence for firms with larger holdings of difficult-to-value financial assets. The evidence supports the intuition that analysts provide at least some information about future OCI in their BVPS forecasts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139435720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}