{"title":"Principle-based accounting standards and earnings management in private hotel firms: The impact on government subsidies","authors":"Panagiotis E. Dimitropoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2025.100812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2025.100812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective 2015, the new Hellenic Accounting Standards (HAS) introduced a principle-based financial reporting environment to the Greek business setting. The scope of this study is to examine the impact of new HAS on the accounting quality (earnings management and income smoothing behaviors) of private hospitality firms in Greece, and the subsequent effect on the granting of government subsidies. The empirical analysis used accounting data from 3928 unique hotel firms operating in Greece, over the period 2003–2018. Panel fixed effects and logit regression analysis indicated that the introduction of the new principle-based HAS contributed to an increase in earnings management and income smoothing behaviors of private hotel firms. Furthermore, the deterioration of accounting quality under the new HAS was more severe for medium and small hotel firms, relative to their larger counterparts. Furthermore, the subsequent increase of earnings management by small and medium sized firms was accompanied by an increase of government subsidies, suggesting that SMEs with reduced accounting quality were rewarded with higher government financing under the new accounting regime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 100812"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does high audit quality mitigate a client firm's reliance on trade credit financing?","authors":"Mohammad Hendijani Zadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2025.100811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2025.100811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a large sample of publicly traded U.S. firms, we show that high audit quality is negatively related to a client firm's reliance on costly trade credit financing. Further analyses reveal that the relationship between audit quality and trade credit reliance is more pronounced for client firms showing higher information asymmetry, greater cash flow volatility, and lower collateral. We also identify two potential mechanisms through which audit quality diminishes a client firm's reliance on expensive trade credit financing: reduced cost of debt and enhanced access to equity market financing via stock liquidity. Additionally, the analysis shows that client firms with high audit quality tend to make faster payments on their trade credit agreements. Our findings indicate that audit quality can influence a client firm's trade credit policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 100811"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social capital and firm voluntary disclosure","authors":"William M. Cready , Yaqin Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2025.100810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2025.100810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the effects of social capital on firm voluntary disclosure. We find that firms headquartered in the U.S. counties with higher levels of social capital provide more management forecasts than firms in the counties with lower levels of social capital. We further find that this positive effect is driven mainly by two factors in social capital, which are the social associations, especially those actively seeking their preferential policies, and voter turnout. The positive effect of social capital is more pronounced in firms of smaller size, firms with more local employees, higher sales growth rates, and good earnings performance. Overall, these results suggest that social capital, especially social associations and community proactivity, promotes firm voluntary disclosure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 100810"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Climate related disclosures and investor behaviour: An Australian study","authors":"Sammy Hewa, Rajni Mala, Jinhua Chen, John Dumay","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2025.100809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2025.100809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we examine how climate-related disclosures impact investment decisions. Using a survey experiment and adopting both between-subjects and within-subjects designs, we developed three distinct firm scenarios: one where the firm did not disclose climate-related risks; the second where the firm disclosed climate-related risks only (following the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) guidelines); and the third where the firm disclosed both climate-related risks and corresponding risk mitigation strategies (also in line with the TCFD guidelines). From our analysis of a sample of 96 stock market investors in Australia, the results show that the investors were inclined to commit more money to the two firms that disclosed climate-related risks than the firm that did not. Moreover, the most money was invested in the firm that disclosed both the risks and risk mitigation strategies, irrespective of the investment horizon. Further, we found no evidence that the investors' belief in climate change moderates the association between disclosure level and investors' investment decision. The study demonstrates the contemporary significance of climate change as a pertinent investment risk and the heightened importance investors are placing on companies to manage associated risks. The results also provide support for the decision usefulness of the TCFD guidelines, which have been fully incorporated into the mandatory sustainability reporting standards of the International Sustainability Standards Board.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 100809"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Balance sheet strength in the oil and gas industry: Saving for a rainy day or making hay while the sun shines","authors":"Mark Anderson , Yan Ma , Han-Up Park","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2025.100806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2025.100806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine how a strategic emphasis on balance sheet strength relates to investment decisions and performance over time for firms operating in a cyclical environment. From a series of discussions with industry insiders and readings of disclosures for prominent oil and gas (O&G) companies in Canada, we identify two groups of upstream O&G firms based on how they match their resources and capabilities with the uncertainties posed by industry economic cycles. One group of firms borrows and invests aggressively when oil prices are strong and funds are available – “<em>making hay while the sun shines</em>”, while the other group grows conservatively to build and maintain balance sheet strength – “<em>saving for a rainy day</em>”. We use average cash flows to debt for each firm over time to measure emphasis on balance sheet strength and separate firms into <em>rainy day</em> and <em>making hay</em> companies. We leverage two steep price declines to observe the behavior of firms over industry cycles: one triggered by the widespread 2008 financial crisis and the other by a distinct and prolonged O&G industry downturn in 2014. While investment declined generally in both cases, we find that the decline in investment was significantly less for <em>rainy day</em> companies than <em>making hay</em> firms after the 2014 downturn. Across time, we find that <em>rainy day</em> companies make shrewder acquisitions and operate more efficiently than <em>making hay</em> companies. Nonetheless, the capital market rewards <em>making hay</em> companies with higher market valuation, but this is reduced in downturns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 100806"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Private lenders and borrowers' internal control-related private information","authors":"Md Mahmudul Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2025.100808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2025.100808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the relationship between lenders' demand for management letters, which contain borrowers' private information regarding internal control, and the effectiveness of borrowers' internal controls. Since only material weaknesses in internal controls must be publicly disclosed, firms can publicly claim that their internal controls are effective even if they have deficiencies in internal controls but no material weaknesses. This study reveals that lenders are more likely to ask for management letters from borrowers who have revealed material weaknesses in their internal controls. The study also finds that lenders are more likely to ask for management letters from borrowers with financial distress and when borrowers are involved in risky activities like aggressive tax avoidance. In addition, firms with ineffective internal controls from whom lenders have demanded management letters are more likely to remediate their material weaknesses than those not subject to such demands. This study adds to the limited literature on how lenders use borrowers' private information in loan contract monitoring and how lenders can impact borrowers' internal controls without the contractual transfer of control rights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 100808"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Executive age, executive gender and financial statement comparability","authors":"Shadi Farshadfar , Laleh Samarbakhsh , Ismat Jahan","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the association between chief executive officer (CEO) age and gender and the financial statement comparability of their firm. Our findings indicate that CEO age and gender are positively associated with comparability. We extend the literature by establishing executive age and gender as determinants of comparability. The results are independent of a battery of sensitivity tests, including applying alternative comparability measures, industry dominance of young CEOs, self-selection bias, and corporate governance measures. Our analysis further suggests that the age and gender of other executives, particularly chief financial officers (CFOs) and the top management team (TMT), impact comparability similarly to those of the CEO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 100805"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of IFRS 16 on lessees' financial information: A single-industry study","authors":"Ana Isabel Lopes , Daniela Penela","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This single-industry study responds to the IFRS Foundation's call to determine the effects of implementing IFRS 16 by analyzing the isolated post-implementation effect of IFRS 16 on lessee financial statements. Using real implementation data, the findings confirm the expected results of prior studies using estimated data, in that the implementation of IFRS 16 is the primary driver of statistically significant changes in assets, liabilities, EBIT, EBITDA, and financial expenses, resulting in major changes in the structure and liquidity ratios. Regarding profitability ratios, this study adds to the literature by demonstrating a statistically significant difference in ROA. Furthermore, while prior studies suggest that the interest coverage ratio would decrease, the use of real implementation data shows no statistically significant finding on this ratio; this indicates that the increase in EBITDA and interest expenses may cancel each other out, resulting in no impact on the coverage ratio. The results support the main criticism of IAS 17—that operating leases were improperly accounted for and consequently altered the picture of financial statements and ratios, which is a key source of information in valuing companies. This single-industry study, one of the more extensive IFRS Foundation 2016 studies, is the first to use real IFRS 16 adoption data, providing substantial results regarding the impact of this standard on the financial statements of publicly traded companies. These results encourage further research using similar approaches with broader sample sizes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 100803"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linda H. Chen , George J. Jiang , Weiwei Wang , Joseph H. Zhang
{"title":"The impact of profitability pressure and capital market valuation on tax haven engagement","authors":"Linda H. Chen , George J. Jiang , Weiwei Wang , Joseph H. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate three key research questions related to firms' engagement in tax haven activities: (1) the relationship between firm profitability pressures and tax haven involvement, (2) how the capital markets price tax haven activities as potential risks, and (3) whether firm profitability pressures moderate the relationship between tax haven involvement and capital market risk perceptions. Analyzing data from 1995 to 2020, we find that firms facing profitability pressure are more likely to engage in tax haven activities. Additionally, tax haven involvement is typically viewed negatively by capital markets, signaling heightened information risk and agency costs. However, under profitability pressures, capital markets assess tax haven activities less unfavorably. These findings highlight the need to better understand the drivers of aggressive tax avoidance strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 100804"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The interactive effects of strategy communication and report integration on investors' reactions to corporate social responsibility measures","authors":"Lei Wang , Lei Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines nonprofessional investors' reactions to two important factors underlying the disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) measures: report integration and strategy communication. We find that CSR measures in an integrated report appear to affect nonprofessional investors less than CSR measures in a standalone report. Providing strategy communication that conveys CSR strategic objectives and a causal connection between CSR performance and financial performance promotes investors' incorporation of CSR measures into their judgments and decisions. Together, report integration and CSR strategy communication interact to affect investment judgments and decisions, such that the weakened effect of CSR measures in an integrated report is less pronounced when CSR strategy communication is present than when CSR strategy communication is absent. As the interest in CSR reports continues to grow among investors, preparers, auditors, standard setters, regulators, and researchers, this study highlights the interplay between strategy communication and report integration in CSR disclosures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46906,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Accounting","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 100784"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}